THE LONDON UNDERGROUND
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Transcript of THE LONDON UNDERGROUND
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THE LONDON UNDERGROUND
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• AKA “The Tube”• Oldest underground
network in the world• 270 stations• 11 lines• 270 miles • 3.2 million passengers
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Why underground?
• Congested streets• No transport links to
the City
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• Idea by Charles Pearson• Received financial backing in 1854
Opened 1863 Opened 1868 Opened 1884
Charles PearsonSolicitor , City of London
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ConstructionCut and Cover Method
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The Tunnelling Shield
• Invented by James Henry Greathead
• Deep underground tunnels• Eliminated disruption• Protected workers and
stopped tunnel subsiding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=YDFpC4O0roA#t=220s
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• Dig three metres a day• First line finished in
four years
Used in the construction of:
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• Last line: extension of Jubilee Line, 1999• Connected Canary Wharf financial district
Tunnel constructed by Kawasakio Earth Pressure Balance (E.P.B) boring machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=2W6KLvwz-CU#t=47s
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The trains
• Steam trains• Ventilation
• Used on sub-surface lines
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• First used 1890• Deep level tube lines• Cleaner, quieter, faster
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The Tube today
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The Future
• Currently under construction• “Underground mainline” service• Connect the City, Heathrow and West End with
commuter areas
• Direct travel across the city• Reduce congestion on Tube
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New trains:• 200m long• 1500 person capacity• Accessible for people with restricted mobility• Comfortable passenger experience
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Paddington
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Tottenham Court Road
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Canary Wharf
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The Route
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New York City Subway
• First line opened in 1904
• 10 major trunk lines
• 421 stations• Runs some 24
hour lines
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Paris Metro
• 16 lines• 301 stations• Main construction
1900-1920• Dense network 245
stations within 34 sq miles
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Tokyo
• 8.7 million passengers a day• 13 lines• 274 stations• Began operation
1927
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