THE LOCOMOTIVE STATE MONITORING AND SUPERVISE SYSTEM BASED ON GPS

(EMBEDDED SYSTEM)

Abstract The application of embedded system improves the real-time reliability of ship monitoring system. In the real time system GPS alone is used to find the exact location of ship. Nowadays there is a problem for ship finders that Border Cross Arrest problem. These arises, because of there is no identification of border in coastal area and also other country army make the use of it and arrest fish finders. To provide solution to the above problem by indicating border line by using GPS values to the fish finders. Our aim is to provide a microcontroller based kit to reduce this problem. This kit produces an alarm signal to fish finders when they reach a kilometer from the border line and restricted area. Our project also provides additional information to them such as the nearest possible harbor to reach in a safe way using GPS.Key words Embedded systems, Shipping monitoring, GPS.

I INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the embedded system plays an important role in shipping and monitoring control. It is due to the advances in telecommunication and positioning systems. On considering embedded system, which is an emerging and new technology used in all applications. In this we now see about some basics about embedded system.

1.1 EMBEDDED SYSTEM

An embedded system is a single-purpose computer built into a larger system for the purposes of controlling and monitoring the system. It is a computer system designed to do one or a few dedicated and/or specific functions often with real-time computing constraints. It is a combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular function. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today. Embedded systems contain processing cores that are typically either Microcontrollers or Digital Signal Processors (DSP). Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Industrial machines, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras, household appliances, airplanes, vending machines and toys (as well as the more obvious cellular phone and PDA) are among the myriad possible hosts of an embedded system. Embedded systems that are programmable are provided with programming interfaces, and embedded systems programming is a specialized occupation.

Embedded processors can be broken into two broad categories: ordinary microprocessors (μP) and microcontrollers (μC), which have many more peripherals on chip, reducing cost and size. A long but still not exhaustive list of common architectures are: 65816, 65C02,

68HC08, 68HC11, 68k, 78K0R/78K0, 8051, ARM, AVR, AVR32, Blackfin, C167, Coldfire, COP8, Cortus APS3, eZ8, eZ80, FR-V, H8, HT48, M16C, M32C, MIPS, MSP430, PIC, PowerPC, R8C, RL78, SHARC, SPARC, ST6, SuperH, TLCS-47, TLCS-870, TLCS-900, TriCore, V850, x86, XE8000, Z80, AsAP etc.

1.2 GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)

The principle behind GPS is the measurement of distance (or “range”) between the satellites and the receiver. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map. A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Once the user's position has been determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more. he 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment are orbiting the earth about 12,000 miles above us. They are constantly moving, making two complete orbits in less than 24 hours. These satellites are travelling at speeds of roughly 7,000 miles an hour.GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have backup batteries onboard to keep

them running in the event of a solar eclipse, when there's no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the correct path.

II CURRENT TRENDS

The European Union (EU) system for fisheries controls makes extensive use of modern technologies to ensure that fishing fleets are monitored and controlled in an effective way. They improve the access to good quality fisheries data and make it possible to cross-check information from different sources.The Electronic recording and reporting system (ERS) is used to record, report, process, store and send fisheries data (catch, landing, sales and transshipment).The key element is the electronic logbook where the master of a fishing vessel keeps a record of fishing operations. The record is then sent to the national authorities, which store the information in a secure data base.The vessel monitoring system (VMS) is a satellite-based monitoring system, which at regular intervals provides data to the fisheries authorities on the location, course and speed of vessels.VMS is nowadays a standard tool of fisheries monitoring and control worldwide, but it was the EU which led the way, becoming the first part of the world to introduce compulsory VMS tracking for all the larger boats in its fleet. The EU legislation requires that all coastal EU countries should set up systems that are compatible with each other, so that countries can share data and the Commission can monitor that the rules are respected. EU funding is available for Member States to acquire state-of-the-art equipment and to train their people to use it. The EU is also encouraging a wider use of Vessel Detection Systems (VDS), a satellite-based technology (satellite imaging of sea areas) which may help to locate and identify fishing vessels at sea. According to EU

legislation (Regulation 1224/2009), fisheries control authorities shall have a technical capacity to use VDS.The basic function of VDS is to allow the identification of vessels and the detection of their positions at sea.The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is autonomous and continuous vessel identification and monitoring system used for maritime safety and security which allows vessels to electronically exchange with other nearby ships and authorities ashore the vessel identification data, position, course and speed.EU fishing vessels will gradually need to be equipped with AIS transmitters:As from 31 May 2012: all vessels above 24 mAs from 31 May 2013: all vessels above 18 mBy 31 May 2014: all vessels above 15 m.Member States may use AIS data for monitoring and control purposes.The modern technologies for fisheries control do not replace traditional control and surveillance methods, such as inspections onboard vessels or on shore. However, used correctly, the new technologies help to better target actions and therefore cut costs and increase effectiveness. By crosschecking data collected via the different systems, fisheries authorities can apply risk based control strategies and detect illegal activities that could otherwise go unnoticed. Wise, proper and effective use of modern technologies significantly reduces the total costs for fisheries monitoring and surveillance.GALILEO is the global navigation satellite system being developed by an initiative launched by the European Union and the European Space Agency (ESA). GALILEO will be fully operable by 2008; however, the signal transmission will start in 2005. This worldwide system will be interoperable with GPS and GLONASS, the two other global satellite navigation systems, providing a highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning service under civilian control. A user will be able to get a position with the same receiver from any

of the satellites in any combination. GALILEO will deliver real-time positioning accuracy down to the meter range, which is unprecedented for a publicly available system.

DISADVANTAGES:

The EU system has following disadvantages:

1. Vessel monitoring system mainly used for monitoring the ship location. For the safety purpose it fails to provide.

2. In VMS there is no indication of border line to the fishers.

3. Ship monitoring fails in case of small boats.

4. GALILEO also only provide location of ship not provide safety.

III BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION

Figure 1. Current problem

Bord

er line

Boat

No identification of border and arrest

Bord

er line

REFE

REN

CE LIN

E

Alarm signal

That indicating before border line

Boat

Figure 2. problem solution

In this system, GPS values of 1km distance from the border are preloaded into PIC microcontroller. The GPS antenna receives the longitude and latitude values to the receiver from the global satellite. This GPS values are continuously checked in microcontroller.

When the preloaded values are exist in microcontroller, then control from PIC produce an alarm signal that the border lines are near. So the fish finder can easily aware of border line.

Fig 1 shows the current problem in the border cross arrest. The main problem is there is no identification of border line. So enemies arrest them. By using the proposed system we can able to achieve solution. Fig 2 shows how the proposed system works effectively.

Fig 3 shows the blocks in the microcontroller kit which used to find location and alarm signal.

In addition to the alarm signal we provide the information about nearest harbor details for easy communication.

IV PARAMETER MEASURED

In this system, there are two parameter are measured. They are GPS values (longitude and latitude), distance from nearest harbor.

GPS CALCULATION

The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) introduced 19 Interpreted sentencesto receive signal from satellite. The received signal should checked by this condition and then the value is displayed.

Interpreted sentences are given by

$GPBWC Bearing and distance to waypoint, great circle

$GPGGA Global Positioning System Fix Data

$GPGLL Geographic position, latitude / longitude

$GPGSA GPS DOP and active satellites$GPGSV GPS Satellites in view$GPHDT Heading, True$GPR00 List of waypoints in currently

active route$GPRMA Recommended minimum specific

Loran-C data$GPRMB Recommended minimum

navigation info$GPRMC Recommended minimum specific

GPS/Transit data$GPRTE Routes$GPTRF Transit Fix Data$GPSTN Multiple Data ID$GPVBW Dual Ground / Water Speed$GPVTG Track made good and ground

speed$GPWPL Waypoint location$GPXTE Cross-track error, Measured$GPZDA Date & Time$GPBOD Bearing, origin to destination

1 KM

Figure 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

By using $GPRMC Interpreted Sentence we drive the longitude and latitude values.

DISTANCE CALCULATION

The distance calculation is done by using following formula:

d=sqrt((x-lat1)^2+(y-longi)^2)*1.83km

Long1:harbour 1 longitude value Lat1 :harbour1 latitude value 1 minute variation=1830meter

By using above formula the distance between the boats to harbor is calculated.

V TOOLS USED

MPLAB IDE v8

MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a free, integrated toolset for the development of embedded applications employing Microchip's PIC and dsPIC microcontrollers. MPLAB IDE runs as a 32-bit application on MS Windows, is easy to use and includes a host of free software components for fast application development and super-charged debugging.

TOP WIN

Topwin is software which is used to fetch the source coding program into the PIC microcontroller 16F877A. In this software first we reset the entire memory and initialize which microcontroller we use then add the .hex file from the MPLAB IDE. Then the program is fetched to the controller using burn option.

VI CONCLUSION

The application of embedded system improves the real-time and reliability of Ship monitoring system. Power consumption has been reduced.

This innovative point is that the PIC core-based high-performance embedded microcontrollers and embedded real-time operating system used in vessel monitoring system, developed a real-time high, good reliability, small volume, scalable Ethernet Interface monitoring module. The ship automation system with digital, intelligent, network of great significance.

REFERENCES

1. Anna Dzvonkovskaya, Hermann Rohling, Klaus-Werner Gurgel, Thomas Schlick [December 2009] “HF Radar WERA Application for Ship Detection and Tracking”, European Journal of Navigation, Volume 7 I, Number 3.

2. Door jobn kemp [January 1996], “A Global Monitoring Service for Ships Carrying Hazardous Goods” SCHIP&WERFdoZEE.

3. Cui Xiu- fang, Yang Yong- wei [April 2010], “The Application of Embedded System On Shipping Monitoring And Control” IEEE, Volume 4.

4. Claramunt.C, Devogele.T, Fournier.S, Noyon.V, Petit.M, Ray.C, “Maritim GIS: From Monitoring To Simulation System”

5. Erjen Lefeber, Kristin Yttersdad Pettersen, Henk Nijmeijer [Jan 2003], “Tracking control of an underactuated ship”, IEEE, Volume 11 number 1.

6. Nobuhiro SAWANO [2008],”current situation of digitalized shift navigation system for safety”,IEEE.

7. GPS beginners Guide.