The LibraryThe Library

9410007A Sugar 9410047A Edison

Layout of the library:Layout of the library:

． What ‘s the difference between past and now?

Past : Card catalogs Now: Computer Photo copy machine Connection Internet

The The computer:computer:

． Computers are linked to 1. useful databases (such as PACs and OPACs) PACs ---Public –access catalogs OPACs ---online public-access catalogs 2. more college libraries

Online full-text databasesOnline full-text databases

． What is databases? 1.Full text of an article or book 2. Abstract． How to find databases? 1. In the libraries 2. On the Internet (free)

Microform indexesMicroform indexes

． A system that stored magazines and newspaper

on a small single sheet of film

． A system that stored magazines and newspaper on a roll of film

Microfiche:

Microfilm:

Online sources are gradually replacing it.

Stacks Stacks

Two kinds of stacks: 1.Open stacks 2.Closed stacks (Tittle of each books, its author, its call number)

Reference room or shelfSuch as: Encyclopedia ,indexes, gazetteer

Main desk (information desk)

Reserve deskBooks are kept at the reserve desk.(Books are available for use only in the library, and only for a limited time.)

Audiovisual roomAudiovisual room

[Media centers, Learning centers (ISU)] Tapes, music CDs, DVDs, picture

slides…….

Newspaper racksNewspaper racks

1. Newspaper racks (in library)

2.Online newspapers (www.ipl.org/reading /news)

Other guidelines:CNN,CQ CSPAN, U.S news

Computer room

Carrels． Carrels are small, equipped with desks and bookshelves.

Organization of the library Organization of the library collectionscollections 1 ． The Deway Decimal System:

→ This system divides all knowledge in 10

categories.

2 ． The Library of Congress Classification System:

→ This system has 20 branches, which marked

by 21 letters.

◆◆The Deway Decimal System:The Deway Decimal System: Ten general categories Ten general categories

000-099 General Work100-199 Philosophy200-299 Religion300-399 Social Sciences400-499 Language500-599 Pure Science600-699 Technology (Applied Sciences)700-799 The Arts800-899 Literature900-999 History

Each of these Each of these ten ten general categoriesgeneral categories is is subdivided into subdivided into tenten smaller division smaller division..

Literature800-809 General Work (about Literature)810-819 American Literature820-829 English Literature830-839 German Literature840-849 French Literature850-859 Italian Literature860-869 Spanish Literature870-879 Latin Literature880-889 Greek and Classical Literature890-899 Literature of Other language

Ex: The subcategory “English Literature” isEx: The subcategory “English Literature” is divided into ten even-narrow group divided into ten even-narrow group

820 English Literature (general) 821 Poetry 822 Drama 823 Fiction 824 Essays 825 Speeches 826 Letters 827 Satire and Humor 828 Miscellany 829 Minor Related Literature

More specificMore specific

An endless number of more-specific headings are created easily through and addition of decimal place.

For example:822.3 Elizabethan822.33 the works of Shakespeare

Fiction and biographyFiction and biography

Fiction: It is a alphabetized by author mark with the letter FFor example: F-Pas (a novel by Boris Pasternak)Biography: it is a alphabetized by subject mark with the letter B B-C56 (one of the several

biographies of Sir Winstion Churchill)

◆◆The Cutter-Sanborn Author The Cutter-Sanborn Author Mark:Mark:

To find any title, we should……. 1. First locate Deway decimal category on

the shelf 2. Identify an individual book by its author

mark→Distinguish between books filed under an

identical Dewey decimal number.

The Cutter-Sanborn Author MarkThe Cutter-Sanborn Author Mark

Ex: The book Double Taxation by Charles Edward Garland. → G233d 1. “Charles” → the number 233 2. surname: G 3. first important word in the tittle: d Garf 231 Garn 234 Gari 232 Garnet 235 Garl 233 Garni 236

The Library of Congress Classification The Library of Congress Classification SystemSystem

Found in 1800

Shelved its books by size

Represent the main branches of knowledge with 21 letters of alphabet

General CategoriesGeneral Categories

A General WorksB Philosophy, Psychology, ReligionC Auxiliary Sciences of HistoryD History: General and Old WorldE-F History of AmericaG Geography, Anthropology, Recreation H Social SciencesJ Political ScienceK LawL Education

General Categories

M MusicN Fine ArtsP LanguageQ ScienceR MedicineS AgricultureT TechnologyU Military ScienceV Laval ScienceZ Bibliography, Library Science, Information Resources

These general categories are These general categories are narrowed by the narrowed by the addition of addition of lettersletters::

Past : size of the books

Now: the main branches of knowledge with 21 letters of the alphabet.

They are divided into narrower group by letters and Arabic numbers(up to 9999).

These general categories are These general categories are narrowed by the narrowed by the addition of lettersaddition of letters::

P philology and Linguistics: General PA Greek and Latin Philology and LiteraturePB Celtic Languages and LiteraturePC Romance Languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese )

PD Germanic (Teutonic) Languages

For example : PN 1993.5 U651.Find the subject category. P － general category, “Language and Literature” PN －“ Literature History and

Collections”2.Track down

Classification of periodicalsClassification of periodicals

Current issues usually are shelved alphabetically by title and are accessible to the public

Classification of nonbooksClassification of nonbooks

Nonbook materials—films, microfilms, recordings, news clippings, sheet music, productions of masterpieces ,transparencies,

slides, programmed books, and other audiovisual material.

No hard-and-fast rule exists for classifying.

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THE END Thank you