The Legislative Process. Introduction of a bill (proposed legislation) Passed by both houses of...
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Transcript of The Legislative Process. Introduction of a bill (proposed legislation) Passed by both houses of...
![Page 1: The Legislative Process. Introduction of a bill (proposed legislation) Passed by both houses of Congress Signed by president or president’s veto is overridden.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649ca55503460f949668cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Legislative Process
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The Legislative Process
• Introduction of a bill (proposed legislation)
• Passed by both houses of Congress
• Signed by president or president’s veto is overridden
• Becomes a “session law” or “public law”
• Incorporated into statutory code
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A Bill Is Introduced
• A bill is introduced by a sponsor(s) in one or both houses of Congress.
• A bill is assigned a bill number (H.R. 14, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (2001)).
• This bill number usually follows the proposed legislation through hearings, amendments, congressional committees, etc., until enactment or the end of the current legislative period.
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A Bill Is Introduced
• A companion bill may be introduced in the other house of the legislature at any time.
• Committee hearings may be held and amendments to the bill may be made. If the committee votes favorably on the bill, a committee report in support of the bill accompanies the bill back to the floor in many jurisdictions.
• A bill may die in committee and never reach the full house for vote.
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Federal bill S. 904 (Leave No Child Behind Act of 2001), sponsored by Senators Dodd, Wellstone, and Kennedy, as it
appears in the Congressional Bills – 107th Congress database.
Bill S. 940
Sponsors
Short Title
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A Bill Becomes Law
• When the bill passes one house, it is sent to the other house for consideration.
• The other house may approve and pass the bill to the president in identical form.
• More likely, the other house will propose a variation of the bill and both houses must negotiate a compromise.
• When both houses pass the bill in identical form, it is sent to the president for a signature or veto.
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A Bill Becomes Law
• If signed (or not vetoed within 10 days), the bill becomes a “session law” or “public law.”
• If the president vetoes the bill, the veto may be overridden by two-thirds majority in both houses. (If the president takes no activity on the bill at the end of a legislative session the bill is, in effect, vetoed. This is called a “pocket veto.”)
• The public law is renumbered using the number of the congressional session and the numerical order in which the law was enacted:• P.L. 107-14 and P.L. 107-15 are the 14th and 15th bills to be
enacted by the 107th session of Congress.
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A public law may
• add a section (statute) in the statutory code
• change language in a section (statute)
• repeal a section (statute) of the statutory code
• re-number a section (statute)
• do all of the above
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• An enacted law is first published officially by the Government Printing Office as an individual slip law and sent to government depository libraries and other libraries that subscribe to these publications.
• Public laws are published in compiled volumes in chronological order in The Statutes at Large, the official government publication. There is a two to four-year lag in publication of these volumes.
Public Laws Are Published
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• The U.S. Code Congressional and Administrative News® (USCCAN), published by West, issues monthly pamphlets including newly enacted laws.
• The monthly USCCAN pamphlets are reissued in bound volume after each congressional session.
• Public laws are also published in the USCCAN and US-PL (United States Public Laws) databases on Westlaw.
Public Laws are Published
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A slip law as it appears on Westlaw in the US-PL databaseshortly after enactment. There are also archived publiclaws in the US-PL-OLD database, which containspublic laws from 1973 to the previous session of Congress.
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A Public Law Is Codified
• The public law then changes the statutory code to:
• bring all laws on the same topic together
• eliminate all repealed or expired statutes
• unite amendments with the original statute
• This process is called codification
• the United States Code is divided into 50 titles, often called codes (see next screen)
• Title 11 is the Bankruptcy Code
• Title 26 is the Tax Code
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United States Codeis organized in broad subject categoriescalled titles. The 50titles are in roughalphabetical order.
The Legislative Process
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Each title is further divided into individual sections,which contain the actual text of the statutes. (The wordssection and statute are usually synonymous.)
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A single public law may amend or affect many sections in different titles of the Code.
The Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor Act of 2001 or P.L. 107-12 amended sections in Titles 42 and 15 of the USCA.
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Public Law 106-120, the Intelligence Authorization Act for the Fiscal Year 2001, has been codified in both Title 50and Title 21 of the United States Code. The USCA-POP (USCA Popular Name Table) database on Westlaw shows where a public law section has been codified in the United States Code Annotated.
Sections in thepublic law
Codification in the U.S.Code
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Bill PassesCongress or
State Legislature
President orGovernorSigns Bill
Session Law/Public Law
StatutoryCode
Summary of the Legislative Process
Codification occurs when the language of the session or public law changes the statutory code in some way.
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QuestionWhich of the following is a true statement?
1. Each public law amends a single statute.
2. A slip law is the final version of a statute.
3. Codification is the process in which sections of public laws amend, add to, or repeal the relevant portion(s) of the United States Code.
4. The president’s veto of a bill may be overridden by a majority of both houses.
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QuestionWhich of the following is a true statement?
1. Each public law amends a single statute.
2. A slip law is the final version of a statute.
3. Codification is the process in which sections of public laws amend, add to, or repeal the relevant portion(s) of the United States Code.
4. The president’s veto of a bill may be overridden by a majority of both houses.