The learner

22
The Learner

description

for DPE 101 Class

Transcript of The learner

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The Learner

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The Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

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The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• It is from conception to birth.• During this period all the parts of

the human body such as the internal organs, skeletal bones, flesh, etc. are formed.

• The inherited characteristics from the parents are also imparted to the child during this period.

1. The Prenatal Stage1. The Prenatal Stage

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• birth to 2 years• development of physical and physiological

behavior patterns such as rolling, crawling, sitting, standing, walking, talking, laughing, taking solid foods, controlling the elimination of wastes, learning sex differences, relating to emotionally to parents and kins, etc

• begins to learn the rudiments of right and wrong• the child enjoys sucking his fingers and toes (oral

stage)• tantrums are used to call attention• Sprouting of baby teeth at the end of this period

2. Infancy or Babyhood2. Infancy or Babyhood

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

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3. Early childhood3. Early childhood

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• 2 to 6 years• pre-school age• exploratory and inquisitive period• the child wants to explore any place or anything he can reach

• asks so many questions• the child begins to learn some social relationships and mixes and plays with children of his age group

• he learns some physical and manual skills• enjoys playing with his sex organs• continues to learn what is right and wrong• at the end of the period, the child can walk and run with steadiness, talk understandably, follow simple directions, and take a bath and dress by himself alone

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4. Late childhood 4. Late childhood

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• 6 or 7 years to 11 or 12 years• elementary school period• the child learns manual skills taught at home

and school• learns things taught in school i.e. reading,

writing, arithmetic & language• joins peer groups• further learns what is right and wrong and how

to relate himself to others • becomes critical of others• begins to be interested in the opposite sex

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5. Puberty stage 5. Puberty stage

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• starts at about 12 or 13 years to 14 or 15 years• urge of sex begins to assert itself very rapidly• capable of procreation

• very fast physical & physiological changes ♂♂♀♀• ♂♂♀ ♀ grow their pubic hair• boys begin to grow hair in arms and legs • rapid growth of height and weight• apparent growth of breasts for girls• girls start having their monthly period• this is in the early high school years.

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6. Early adolescence6. Early adolescence

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• from puberty to about seventeen years old

• this is the late high school period

• rapid sex maturation occurs. • some young people get

married at this stage• voice, feeling, and thinking

continue changing• the youth continue their

studies and now develop their life ambitions and aspirations

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7. Late adolescence 7. Late adolescence

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• 18 to 21 years• the process of development continues• the youth in college are now preparing

for their professional or vocational careers

• those out of schools are entering or finding jobs in preparations for an independent life

• development of intellectual and social skills continues

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8. Early Adulthood 8. Early Adulthood

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• from 21 to 40 years• new life adjustments occur such as

courtships and marriage, parenthood, employment, recreational hobby, religious affiliation, which may occur earlier, joining clubs and years of achievement

• higher studies may be pursued.• this is the start of the productive

years.

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9. Middle Age 9. Middle Age

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• from 40 to 65 years• man or woman have achieved most of

his or her aspirations in life such as a well established home and family, stable and lucrative employment or businesses, creative achievements,  political achievement.

• Is also the time for the preparation of retirement? Some physical, physiological functioning begin to decrease and deteriorate.

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10. Old Age10. Old Age

The Biological and Physiological Development of the LearnerThe Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

• starts at age 65• men and women are generally still strong, energetic, and

mentally alert• period of retirement • some physical, physiological and mental functioning continue

to decline more rapidly• deafness, failing eyesight, forgetfulness, baldness, arthritis,

senility occur• painful adjustments have to made to meet some an avoidable

circumstance such as death of spouse, solitude as children now have their own family, inadequate financial resources, inability to perform home chores more efficiently, unpleasant relationships with kin and neighbors,etc.

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Developmentalism

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Developmentalism

Also called Pestalozzianism

Is a system of educational doctrines and practices developed by the Swiss educator, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) and followers.

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Developmentalism

Pestalozzianism stresses that instruction should proceed from the familiar to the new, incorporate the performance of concrete arts and the experience of actual emotional responses, and be paced to follow the gradual unfolding of the child’s development. His ideas flow from the same stream of thought that includes Johann Friedrich Herbart, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and more recently Jean Piaget and advocates of constructivist theories of curriculum development.

(Encyclopedia Britannica)

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1. Development is sequential

development follows strictly a definite sequence of steps or stages of progression

Two Basic Facts About Development

►The child who learns to roll over eventually learns to walk

► Learner has to start from Gr. 1, pass through series of grades before reaching Gr. 6

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2. The rate of development is not equal for all individuals

Some persons develop and learn faster than others.

Two major factors:

►Heredity – Gives all the potentialities for growth & development

►Environment – Provides the direction of the growth and development of an individual.

Two Basic Facts About Development

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Individual Differences

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A. Heredity B. Environment

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Heredity

1. Age2. Sex

3. Physical condition

4. Intelligence (mental ability)

5. Aptitude and special talent

6. Temperament (emotional maturity and stability)

7. Extroversion-introversion,

dominance-submissiveness

8. Effort making capacity

9. Criminal tendency

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ENVIRONMENT

Family background

Communitybackground

School

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Thank you!