World War One: 1914-1918

• The Allies: Won• Great Britain• France • The USA• [The ‘Big Three’]• Russia• Italy

• The Central Powers: Lost

• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Turkey

• Armistice peace treaty signed on the ‘eleventh hour or the eleventh day of the eleventh month’

• November 11, 1918

• 14 million dead

Impact of the Great War (WWI)

• Death, injury, destruction• Political changes (Kaiser

in Germany, Tsar in Russia, Austro-Hungarian emperor all removed)

• Borders between countries redrawn

Treaty of Versailles

• Germany had to• Pay reparations

(compensation money)• Accept responsibility for

starting the war (the ‘war guilt clause’)

• Limit the size of its army• Germany also lost some land

after World War I• Demilitarised Rhineland

Georges Clemenceau

Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

David Lloyd George

Woodrow Wilson

Limits on Germany army in the Versailles Treaty

• Size of the army limited to 100,000 soldiers

• Conscription forbidden• Size of navy limited• No tanks• No military aircraft• No submarines• No heavy artillery

Territory lost by Germany after WWI

Impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany

• Caused Hyperinflation• Treaty of Versailles

caused huge economic problems for Germany

• Treaty of Versailles caused hardship and resentment among many Germans

German anger at Treaty of Versailles

● Germany lost territory● Germany lost Colonies● Germany had to accept complete responsibility

for causing WW1● Germans felt humiliated and loss of

international prestige● Germans angry at huge level of reparations that

had to be paid and the increased taxes, inflation and the social and economic problems caused by the reparations

Write a paragraph on the Treaty of Versailles: include the following information● Where and when was it signed?

● Why were France eager to punish Germany and make them pay reparations?

● What did the Treaty say about reparations? How much had to be paid?

● What was to happen in the Rhineland?

● What territory did Germany lose to France and Poland?

● How was the political system in Germany changed?

● What limits were put on the German Military?

● What effect did the Treaty have on the German Economy (higher taxes, unemployment, hyperinflation)?

● Why were many Germans unhappy with the Treaty?

The League of Nations: similar to the United Nations [U.N.] today

The League of Nations: Aims

• To prevent wars• To sort problems between

countries through discussion, diplomacy

• To protect small countries• To promote idea of

‘collective security’• To provide humanitarian

aid

Problems faced by the League of Nations

• USA did not join the League of Nations

• Russia and Germany not allowed to join initially

• League had no army to enforce its decisions

• Big powers were selective in supporting the league

Failures of the League of Nations

• Japanese invasion of Manchuria (China)

• Italian invasion of Abyssinia (Ethiopia)

• Hitler and World War II

The League of Nations● Who had the original idea something like the

League? ● When was it set up?● Why was it set up? ● What were its aims?● Where was the headquarters of the League?● What countries didn't join?● What other problems made it difficult to achieve

its aims?● What wars or invasions did it fail to stop?

Political Ideologies

• Different political systems to organise and run countries or societies

• Democracy• Communism• Socialism• Fascism

Democracy (or Parliamentary Democracy)

• Different political parties compete against each other in election

• People vote to elect politicians to parliaments

• Politicians form a government and choose a prime minister to run a country

Communism

• Inspired by the ideas of Karl marx

• A more equal society to be achieved through revolution

• State ownership of all property (land, factories, etc...)

• No private property, titles or ranks

• Only the Communist Party allowed

Keywords

● Totalitarian:● Dictator:● Dictatorship:● Authoritarian:● Autocratic:● Democratic:

Socialism

• Also inspired by Karl Marx’s ideas

• Aim to achieve equality, social justice

• Less extreme than communism

• Change through democratic means rather than revolution

● The end and impact of World War One: (What were the 2 sides in the conflict? Who were the 'Big Three' and their leaders? When did the war officially end? What impact did the war have on Europe? [Death, destruction, borders, economies etc...])

● The Treaty of Versailles: (What was the Treaty? What were the main terms of the Treaty? Why were many Germans angry with the Treaty? What impact or effect did it have on Germany?

● The League of Nations: What was the League? When was it set up? Who had the idea? What were the aims of the League? What problems or weaknesses were faced by the League? What were the main failures of the League?

Homework

Write a paragraph on each of the following:

The end of WW1The Treaty of VersaillesThe League of Nations

Make sure you cover all the aspects listed in brackets on next slide

Write approximately 100 words for each answer