The Late Middle Ages (1200-1400)

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The Late Middle Ages (1200-1400) World History - Libertyville HS

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The Late Middle Ages (1200-1400). World History - Libertyville HS. Characteristics of Period. Agriculture Limits of agricultural land reached “Mini Ice Age” caused famines, loss of crops due to poor growing seasons / long winters Politics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of The Late Middle Ages (1200-1400)

Page 1: The Late Middle Ages  (1200-1400)

The Late Middle Ages (1200-1400)

World History - Libertyville HS

Page 2: The Late Middle Ages  (1200-1400)

Characteristics of Period

• Agriculture– Limits of agricultural

land reached– “Mini Ice Age” caused

famines, loss of crops due to poor growing seasons / long winters

• Politics– Wars common through

period as political consolidation continued

Page 3: The Late Middle Ages  (1200-1400)

Characteristics of Period• Economic– Invention of double entry

bookkeeping allowed for keeping track of debts and income at same time

– Led to development of banking

– Rise of Italian banking families• Medici, of Florence• Became patrons of the

Renaissance

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Characteristics of Period• Hanseatic League (N. Holy

Roman Empire)– Trading federation among

Baltic Sea & inland HRE– Political, economic force in late

Middle Ages (fish on Fridays)– Helped create larger, more

varied European trading communities

• Luxury goods became more available for rich

• Iron tools became more common for poor

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Characteristics of Period• Religious

– Real and perceived corruption of Church• Simony, sale of indulgences

– Rise of “heretics” (people who disagree with Catholic church)

– Jon Hus – Czech philosopher who opposed simony, indulgences

– Invited to debate church– Imprisoned, burned at stake– Important because he

foreshadowed Protestant Reformation

– Inquisition

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Characteristics of Period

• Education– Rise of universities in 1100s,

in Europe– “University” = community of

scholars– Universities usually run by

priests, monks– Purpose of learning was to

understand God better– Universities surprisingly

accepting of ideas from other cultures (zero, Arabic numbers for math)

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Black Death (1347-1350)

• Estimated death toll = 50 million– Between 1/3 and ½ of

population of Europe• Death toll high, but not

only b/c of plague– Trade stopped (no food)– Famines– Labor shortages, in

fields– 100 Years War started in

1337

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Black Death (Bubonic Plague)

• Bubonic plague carried by fleas

• Fleas carried by Rats• Plague actually a virus• Made its way to Europe

from China– Probably brought from

East by Italian merchants– Rats on ships brought

infected fleas to Europe

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Bubonic Plague Characteristics

• Fever, blotches all over body

• Huge swelling under armpits, around lymph nodes, called buboes

• If they burst, you were ok; if not, you were dead within hours

• Puncturing them with a knife did not help

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Responses to the Plague• Doctors thought it was

transmitted through the air (herbs, incense)

• Religious leaders thought God was punishing man for sins– Flagellant cult: travelling

groups who prayed for forgiveness & whipped themselves as a sign of repentance

– Blamed Jews for plague (attacks)

Page 11: The Late Middle Ages  (1200-1400)

Effects of Plague• Peasant life improved

– Population way down, but their service became valuable

– Demanded wages, better working conditions from Lords

– If life didn’t improve, peasants rebelled

• Nobility were less affected by plague– Less contact with virus carrying

rats– 1 prince, relatively few nobles died– Affected more by economic,

political changes