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The labour-based technology source book 1

The Labour-Based Technology Source Book

A CATALOGUE OF KEY PUBLICATIONS

Sixth (revised) edition

International Labour OrganisationAdvisory Support, Information Services and Training

Harare, Zimbabwe

2 The labour-based technology source book

Copyright International Labour Organisation 2002

Publications of the International Labour Organisation enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the UniversalCopyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorisation, oncondition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction, adaptation or translation, application shouldbe made to the ILO/ASIST Information Service, PO Box 210, Harare, Zimbabwe, or to ILO Publications Branch(Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Both ASIST and theInternational Labour Office welcome such applications.

The Labour-based Technology Source BookISSN 1020-4962

First published 1994Second (revised) edition April 1996Third (revised) edition July 1997Fourth (revised) edition November 1998Fifth (revised) edition August 2000Sixth (revised) edition April 2002

Produced by the ASIST Information Service.

Set in Arial and Century Schoolbook typefaceson an Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 4000TN printerusing Microsoft Word for Windows 8.0

ASIST publications can be obtained from ASIST Information Service,PO Box 210, Harare, Zimbabwe, Telephone +263-4-369824/8, Facsimile +263-4-369829Email address: [email protected], Website address: http://www.ilo.org/asist

The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and thepresentation of material therein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of theInternational Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studiesand other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement bythe International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercialproducts and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure tomention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval.

This is not an official ILO document

Printed in Zimbabwe

c


Contents

Contents ................................................................ 3Abbreviations ......................................................... 3Introduction ........................................................... 4The Employment-Intensive Investment Programme

of the ILO .......................................................... 5ASIST .................................................................... 5ASIST Technical Enquiry Service ........................... 6ASISTDOC ............................................................ 6CONTACTS .......................................................... 6The ASIST Bulletin ................................................ 6

PUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONSPUBLICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88888ASIST Publications ................................................ 8Access and Rural Employment ............................. 10Access and Rural

Employment: concepts and theory .................... 10Access and Rural Employment: Integrated RuralAccessibility Planning (IRAP) ............................... 11Access and Rural Employment: rural access

intervention ..................................................... 13Construction management and contracting .......... 17Contract documents ............................................. 20Contractor training .............................................. 20Crisis recovery and reconstruction...............................23Environment ....................................................... 25Irrigation ............................................................. 26Irrigation: training manuals ................................. 26Labour and employment ...................................... 27Project planning and evaluation............................ 31Road construction and maintenance: general ........ 32Road construction and maintenance: technical manuals ........................................................... 35Road construction and maintenance: training manuals ... ...................................................... 40Seminar proceedings ............................................ 42Soil and water conservation .................................. 45Technology choice ................................................ 45Tools and equipment ............................................ 47Training............................................................... 49Urban infrastructure development ....................... 50Videos .................................................................. 58Index ................................................................... 61

ORDERINGORDERINGORDERINGORDERINGORDERING ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6868686868Publishers’ addresses ........................................... 68How to order ........................................................ 69Prices ................................................................... 69Packing and postage charges ................................ 69Payment .............................................................. 70Order Form ............................................. CentrefoldRegistration Form .................................... Centrefold

Abbreviations

ASIST Advisory Support Information Services and TrainingARE Access and Rural Employment

Available in digital formatCBO Community Based OrganisationCTP Construction Technology PaperDANIDA Danish International Development AgencyDFID Department for International

DevelopmentDIGL Department of Interior and Local

Government (Philippines)ECA Economic Commission for AfricaEIIP Employment-Intensive Investment

ProgrammeEIP Employment-Intensive ProgrammeFRP Feeder Roads Programmegm grammesGTZ German Agency for Technical

CooperationHabitat United Nations Centre for Human

SettlementsIFRTD International Forum for Rural

Transport and DevelopmentIHE International Institute for

Infrastructural Hydraulic andEnvironmental Engineering (TheNetherlands)Published by the ILO

ILO International Labour OrganisationIMT Intermediate Means of TransportIRAP Integrated Rural Accessibility PlanningISBN International Standard Book NumberITDG Intermediate Technology

Development GroupIYCB Improve Your Construction BusinessLBT Labour-based TechnologyLFA Logical Framework ApproachMART Management of Appropriate Road

TechnologyMIRTP Makete Integrated Rural Transport

Planning (Tanzania)MPBS Maintenance Performance Budget

System (Ghana)MRP Minor Roads Programme (Kenya)M & E Monitoring and Evaluation

New to this edition of the Source BookNGO Non-Governmental OrganisationPIRTP Pilot Integrated Rural Transport Project (Malawi)



POA Price On Applicationpp PagesRAPI Rapid Assessment of Poverty ImpactsRARP Rural Access Roads Programme (Kenya)RATP Rural Accessibility Technical PaperROMAR Road Maintenance and RegravellingSAMAT Southern Africa Multi-disciplinary Advisory TeamSDC Swiss Agency for Development and CooperationSETP Socio-economic Technical PaperSida Swedish International Development Cooperation AgencySKAT Swiss Centre for Appropriate TechnologySPWP Special Public Works ProgrammeSSATP Sub-Saharan Africa Transport ProgrammeTES Technical Enquiry ServiceTOOL Technology Transfer forDevelopmentUNCDF United Nations Capital Development

FundUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for WomenUWEP Urban Waste Expertise Programme (The Netherlands)VIP Ventilated Improved Pit LatrineWEDC Water, Engineering & Development Centre, Loughborough, (UK)

Introduction

Labour-based technology (LBT) is now wellestablished as a viable option for buildinginfrastructure in countries with low wages andhigh unemployment. The quality of outputproduced in rural roadworks, sanitation andwater supply is usually indistinguishable fromthat produced by conventional techniques, andthe costs are competitive. However, like anyrelatively new approach, the information on howto do it is not always readily available. ThisSource Book seeks to put together a selective listof the key publications we have found useful overthe years. The publications are categorised intothe following subject areas:

construction and contractor developmentenvironmentirrigationlabour and employmentproject planning, monitoring and evaluationrural roadsrural access and employmentsoil and water conservationtools and equipmenttrainingurban infrastructure development

They cover all aspects of labour-based technology forinfrastructure development and access and ruralemployment from first steps to detailedimplementation.

All these publications are available from our ASISTInformation Service at cost. The publications listedmay also be ordered directly from the publishers (a listof publishers’ addresses is provided at the end of thecatalogue). To order publications from ASIST,complete the order form in the centrefold of thiscatalogue and return it to the ASIST InformationService at the address below.

The Source Book does not intend to provide anexhaustive list of all that is available on labour-basedtechnology and access and rural employment butfocuses primarily on those sectors that the ASISTprogramme has actively been involved in.

Please let us know if we have missed any keydocument and we will endeavour to include it infuture editions.

For more information on the ASIST programmewrite to or call on us at the following addresses.

ILO HeadquartersEmployment-intensive Investment Branch(EMPINVEST)4 route des MorillonsCH-1211 Geneva 22SwitzerlandTel: + 41 22-7996414/7998225Fax: +41-22-7996489Email: [email protected]

ASIST Harare OfficeBlock 8Arundel Office ParkMt PleasantP.O. Box 210Harare, ZimbabweTel: +263-4-369824/8Fax:+263-4-369829Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

ASIST Nairobi OfficeP O Box 39493Nairobi, KenyaTel: +254-2-2713028/2719413/2719313Fax: +254-2-2710083Email: [email protected]

ASIST-Asia Pacific OfficeILO Regional Office for Asia and the PacificUnited Nations Building, Rajadammerm NokAvenuePO Box 2-349Bangkok, ThailandTel: +66-2-2882303Fax: +66-2-2801735Email: [email protected]

ASIST Website: : http://www.ilo.org/asist



The Employment-IntensiveInvestment Programme of

the ILO

The Employment-Intensive InvestmentProgramme (EIIP) of the ILO is among the bestknown of all of the ILO’s worldwide technicalcooperation activities. For the past two decadesthis programme, with strong donor support, hashad a profound effect on influencing investmentpolicies, and employment and income generationand poverty reduction, in over 35 developingcountries, where often as much as 70% of publicinvestment expenditure is in the infrastructuresector.

The ILO’s Employment-Intensive InvestmentProgramme promotes employment-intensiveinvestment policies through practical research,the provision of advisory services at policy andpractitioner levels, the dissemination of labour-based technology curricula materials toinstitutions of higher education, information inseminars and workshops, and assistance in theestablishment of pilot projects and large-scaleinfrastructure rehabilitation and maintenanceprogrammes.

The ILO, through its head office staff in theEmployment-Intensive Investment Branch inGeneva and its regional experts within the ILOMulti-Disciplinary Advisory Teams in Africa andAsia, delivers the necessary outputs to ensurethat key policies are considered and guidelinesare available. They also help to network betweenthe Governments, social partners, and donorsinvolved in the sector.

Under the ILO’s Employment-IntensiveInvestment Programme the Advisory SupportInformation Services and Training (ASIST)programme was established in 1991 to promotethe increased use of labour-based methods inSub- Saharan Africa. This ASIST programmereceives funding from the Department forInternational Development (DFID), the SwedishInternational Development Cooperation Agency(Sida), the Government of Norway, and theDanish International Development Agency(DANIDA).

In 1998 an ASIST programme wasestablished to cover the Asia-Pacific region.ASIST Asia-Pacific (ASIST-AP), based at theILO’s Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific inBangkok, Thailand, provides technical advisorysupport, information and training to countrieswithin the region.

ASIST

ADVISORY SUPPORT, INFORMATION

SERVICES AND TRAINING

The ASIST programme provides AdvisorySupport, Information Services and Training togovernments, development and funding agencies,communities and the private sector, traininginstitutions and other partners involved inpoverty reduction through the provision ofsustainable infrastructure.

ASIST’s objectives are to:ASIST’s objectives are to:ASIST’s objectives are to:ASIST’s objectives are to:ASIST’s objectives are to:

create employment with fair workingconditions for men and women;develop local capacity and buildknowledge and skills in government, theprivate sector and communities; andcreate and maintain appropriate andsustainable public infrastructure in a costeffective and efficient manner.

The programme focuses on rural and urbaninfrastructure development using local resourcebased methods and local level investmentplanning methodologies, with emphasis on therural road sector, urban infrastructure in low-income settlements, small-scale irrigation andwater supply and sanitation.

Advisory Support

ASIST provides comprehensive policy, planningand technical advice. ASIST advises on projectand programme design, coordination,monitoring, and review of both urban and rurallabour-based infrastructure programmes, andaccess and rural employment programmes.

Information Services

ASIST actively gathers, synthesises anddisseminates relevant published and unpublishedinformation on and related to labour-basedtechnology for rural and urban infrastructureand access and rural employment. ASISTprovides a Technical Enquiry Service to respondto specific requests for information. ASISTmaintains a network database of contact personsand institutions involved in the promotion anddevelopment of labour-based technology andaccess and rural employment.



Training

ASIST provides support to national traininginstitutions and universities in the developmentand provision of training in labour-basedtechnology and rural travel and transport. Thisinvolves support in the development of curricula,training programmes, training material, as wellas training techniques and methodology. ASISTalso supports annual international trainingcourses for engineers, senior technicians andtrainers in collaboration with the Ministry ofRoads and Public Works, Kisii Training Centre,in Kenya.

ASIST Technical EnquiryService

ASIST offers a Technical Enquiry Service (TES)which provides technical information uponrequest on labour-based technology forinfrastructure development and access and ruralemployment to projects, consultants, policymakers, donors, training institutions and othersinterested in labour-based methods andmanagement.

To support the technical enquiry service,ASIST actively collects both published andunpublished documents on employment-intensivetechnology, access and rural employment andrelated topics. The collection includes text books,research reports, project reports, technicalmanuals, training material, periodical articles,etc., most of which are in English, with a smallnumber in French and Portuguese. Acomputerised bibliographic database ismaintained to facilitate quick and easy access tothe collection of over 10 000 documents.

ASIST also has links to other informationresources around the world, and maintainscontact with experts in the field that can becalled upon to provide technical advice orinformation.

If you require technical advice or informationon labour-based technology for infrastructuredevelopment and/or access and ruralemployment, contact the TES by mail, fax,telephone or e-mail at any of the ASISTaddresses on page 4.

You are also welcome to pay us a visit!

ASISTDOC

Bibliographic Database on Labour-BasedTechnology

The ASIST bibliographic database of over 10 000employment and technology related publicationsis available for distribution on computer disketteor CD-ROM. You can order a read-only version of

the database for quick and easy access tobibliographic details of publications availablefrom ASIST’s Document Centre. The databasesoftware runs under Windows 3.0, Windows forWorkgroups 3.11, Windows 95, Windows 98,Windows 2000, and Windows NT.

Price: US$25.00 for a one year subscription withquarterly updates sent by airmail (thisincludes a set of diskettes and a usermanual)

We can send you a copy of the database and usermanual via email free of charge. You may alsofreely download the database from our website:http://www.ilo.org/asist.

CONTACTS

Database of Labour-Based TechnologyPractitioners

ASIST maintains a network database of peopleand organisations concerned with alleviatingpoverty through employment-intensiveinfrastructural works and through access andrural employment programmes.

If you would like to be registered on thisdatabase, please complete the registration formin the centrefold of this catalogue and return it tothe ASIST Information Service. If you areinterested in consultancy work, please also sendan up-to-date version of your CV.

The ASIST Bulletin

ASIST publishes a Bulletin featuring thematicarticles on labour-based technology, access andrural employment and regional project news.Each Bulletin contains a centrefold sectiondealing with a specific issue which can be pulledout and used independently. Back issues areavailable on request. The Bulletin is sent free toregistered subscribers. To register, complete andreturn the registration form in the centrefold ofthis catalogue.

Issue No 1: Road maintenance, May 1993

This first issue of the Bulletin focuses onmaintenance and reviews systems currently inuse. The centrefold is a reproduction of thehandbook developed by Minor Roads Programmeof Kenya for headmen involved in roadmaintenance activities.

Issue No 2: Contracting, December 1993

This issue focuses on contracting and contractordevelopment. The centrefold is a short comic-likestory depicting the trials of small contractorsinvolved with large government bureaucracies.



Issue No 3: Equipment, July 1994

This issue focuses on equipment support tolabour-based roadworks activities. It containsarticles on equipment requirements, compactionequipment, and equipment maintenance. Thecentrefold section contains drawings andspecifications of a tipping and non-tippingtrailer.

Issue No. 4: Training & urban infrastructuredevelopment, November 1995

This issue is based on the proceedings of theRegional Seminar held in Johannesburg, SouthAfrica in January 1995. The articles cover issueson technology transfer, capacity building,training, and the potential for employmentcreation in upgrading urban infrastructure. Thecentrefold deals with how to set up and organisevisual presentations for training, workshops orseminars.

Issue No. 5: Contracting maintenance,September 1996

The focus of this issue is on contracting outlabour-based road maintenance activities, and isbased on the proceedings of the RegionalSeminar held in Accra, Ghana in 1996. Itcontains articles on labour-based contracting,and community contracting. The centrefoldpullout section deals with how to prioritise yourroutine maintenance requirements.

Issue No 6: Tools & equipment,August 1997

This issue focuses on recent trends in thedevelopment and use of appropriate toolsand equipment for labour-based works. Thecentrefold shows you how to cost equipment.

Issue No 7: Community participation,July 1998

This issue features articles on communityparticipation in labour-based infrastructuralworks in both urban and rural settings, andin rural transport planning. The centrefoldprovides a step-by-step guide on communitycontracting and a checklist of what shouldbe included in a community contractdocument.

Issue No 8: Labour standards,environmental issues and gender

issues, December 1998

This issue features articles on labourstandards, environmental issues and genderissues related to employment-intensiveworks and rural travel and transport, as wellas project news from Africa and Asia. Thecentrefold provides an outline of key labour

policies and practices in employment-intensive infrastructure programmes.

Issue No 9: Contracting in employmentintensive works, July 1999

The focus of this issue is on contracting inemployment-intensive works in both urban andrural settings. It features articles on the creationof an enabling environment, communitycontracting and contractor training. Thecentrefold focuses on productivity norms forvarious operations in rural road construction andvarious systems of apportioning work on alabour-based site.

Issue No 10: Socio-economic impacts oflabour-based technology, January 2000

Bulletin No 10 deals with various social,economic, as well as environmental impacts oflabour-based technology. The centrefold providesan insight into the main steps Integrated RuralAccessibility Planning (IRAP) methodology, andits main features.

Issue No 11: Ten years of the ASIST: Thepast, present and future, July 2000

This special issue of the bulletin looks backat the past ten years of ASIST, how ASISTcame into being, its achievements, and whatlies ahead for ASIST. It also includescontributions from our partners and clientson what impact ASIST has had on them. Thecentrefold provides a snapshot of ASIST’sactivities in sub-Saharan Africa and theAsia-Pacific region, as well as a full list ofASIST publications.



Material selection and quality assurance forlabour-based unsealed road projects. TechnicalBrief No. 9. Philip Paige-Green. 1998

The urban material sourcebook: A guide forcommunity-managed and labour-based upgradingof urban low-income settlements. George Simbaand Jan Fransen. 2000

Training Materials

Training material source book: A guide fortrainers in labour-based roadworks. AndreasBeusch. 1997

Trainer’s toolbox of training techniques. Secondedition. David J. Mason. 1995

Access and Rural Employment

A guide to Integrated Rural AccessibilityPlanning in Malawi. Rob Dingen. 2000

A guide to Integrated Rural Accessibility Planningin Tanzania: Gender — Integrated version.Compiled by Edward H. Mhina. 1997

Guidelines for the design and construction ofsuspension footbridges. Emmanuel Chipuru. 2000

Manufacturer’s guide: Low-cost transportdevices. IT Zimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997

User’s guide: Low-cost transport devices. ITZimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997

Regional Seminars Proceedings andPapers

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Report of proceedings of the MbeyaSeminar, Tanzania. 26th – 28th February 1990.Volume I: Papers presented; Volume II: Report ofproceedings. CTP 121 and 122. Jane M. Ritchie(Ed.). 1990

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Report of proceedings, 2nd – 6th March1992, Mohales Hoek, Lesotho. CTP 129. GerritBosma and Bjørn Johannessen (Eds.). 1992

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Report of proceedings, 27th September –1st October 1993, Harare, Zimbabwe. CTP 133.Bjørn Johannessen (Ed.). 1993

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Regional seminar for labour-basedpractitioners in the road sector in Sub-SaharanAfrica, Johannesburg, South Africa, 16th – 20th

January 1995. Volume One: Report of proceedings;Volume Two: Seminar papers. CTP 139 and 140. KatiAutere, Marit Due Langaas and David Mason (Eds.).1995

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings and papers of the fifth regionalseminar for labour-based practitioners in the roadsector in Sub-Saharan Africa, Accra, Ghana, 22nd – 26th


Issue No 12: Technical issues of labour-based technology, September 2001

The articles in this edition have a more technicalcontent than usual, covering topics such asfootbridge construction, the development ofappropriate engineering standards, planningtools and surfacing options for roads. Thecentrefold is on issues related to the contractingof roadworks.

Issue No 13: Appropriate engineeringpractices and an enabling environment,

March 2002

This issue focuses on appropriate engineeringpractices and the creation of an enablingenvironment of employment- intensiveprogrammes. The centrefold looks at the use oflabour-based technology in crisis response andreconstruction.

PUBLICATIONS

ASIST PublicationsAs information on labour-based technology andaccess and rural employment is relatively difficultto find and often lacking, ASIST synthesises andpublishes technical publications in these subjectareas. The following is a list of technicalpublications published by ASIST. The full detailsand abstracts of these titles are included undertheir respective subject headings.

Technical Briefs and Working Papers

Designs and specifications for a standard trailerand hitch for labour-based works. Technical BriefNo. 1. Jim Hamper and David Mason et al. Third(revised) edition. 1997

Productivity norms for labour-based construction.Technical Brief No. 2. David Stiedl, Ulf Brudefors,Mike Shone. 1998

Contract documents for small scale contracts in theRoad Sector. Technical Brief No. 5. David Stiedl.2000

Heavy duty wheelbarrow for labour-basedinfrastructure works. An illustrated step-by-stepguide to its construction. Technical Brief No. 7.1997

Heavy duty wheelbarrow jigs and fixtures forbatch production. An illustrated guide. TechnicalBrief No. 7. 1997


April 1996. CTP 144 and 145. Jan Fransen, AngelaKabiru and David Mason (Eds.). 1996

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings of the sixth regional seminar forlabour-based practitioners. Jinja, Uganda, 29th

September – 3rd October 1997. CTP 157. Compiled bySam Emorut-Erongot, Edited by Angela Kabiru-Kang’ethe, David Mason, and Gamelihle Sibanda.1998

Papers of the sixth regional seminar for labour-basedpractitioners. Jinja, Uganda, 29th September – 3rd

October 1997. CTP 158. Compiled by Angela Kabiru-Kang’ethe and David Mason. 1998

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings of the seventh regional seminarfor labour-based practitioners. Lusaka, Zambia, 3rd –7th May 1999. CTP 159. Compiled by Les Sampsonand Pat Loots, Edited by ILO/ASIST. 1999

Papers of the seventh regional seminar for labour-based practitioners. Lusaka, Zambia, 3rd – 7th May1999. CTP 160. Compiled by Angela Kabiru-Kange’the. 2000

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings of the eighth regional seminarfor labour-based practitioners. Cairo Egypt, 15th - 19October 2000. CTP 161. Compiled by Catherine Allen,Edited by ILO/ASIST. 2001

Papers of the eighth regional seminar for labour-based practitioners. Cairo, Egypt, 15th -19thOctober 2000. CTP 162. Compiled by EgyptianSocial Fund for Development. 2000

Labour-based techonology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings of the ninth regionalseminar for labour-based practitioners. Maputo,Mozambique, 20-24 May 2002. CTP 163.Compiled by David Mason, Edited by ILO/ASIST.2002

Papers of the ninth regional seminar for labour-based practitioners. Maputo, Mozambique, 20-24May 2002. CTP164. Compiled and edited byDavid Mason. 2002.

Promotional Material

ASIST Information kit and brochures. 2002 (Availablefree of charge)

Engineering for development poster series. (Set of sixposters). 1999 (Available free of charge)

Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning and accessinterventions information kit. Fatemeh Ali-Nejadfardand Joan Bijl. 1996 (Available free of charge)

Videos

Appropriate technology and fair workingconditions. ILO/ASIST. 1999

Earth report V: The long walk. DFID. World Bank.ILO/ASIST. 2001

Labour-based technology video series - acompilation. ILO/ASIST 1996

Management of labour-based programmes. ILO/ASIST. 1999



An annotated bibliography on ruraltransportNiklas Sieber (Eds.)

IFRTD. 1997. 128pp. ISBN 1-85339-418-1. 215gmIFRTD. 1997. 128pp. ISBN 1-85339-418-1. 215gmIFRTD. 1997. 128pp. ISBN 1-85339-418-1. 215gmIFRTD. 1997. 128pp. ISBN 1-85339-418-1. 215gmIFRTD. 1997. 128pp. ISBN 1-85339-418-1. 215gm

An annotated bibliography with over 100 titles ofbooks and documents covering a wide range ofrural travel and transport concerns frominfrastructure and intermediate means oftransport, to planning, financial and institutionalaspects, and gender issues. The bibliographyprovides a comprehensive reference list that willbe of interest to researchers, transport and ruraldevelopment policy makers, planners andimplementors.Ref. No. 020-009172 POA

Roads are not enough. New perspectiveson rural transport planning in developingcountriesJonathan Dawson and Ian Barwell

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 88pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 88pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 88pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 88pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 88pp.ISBN 1-85339-191-3. 155gmISBN 1-85339-191-3. 155gmISBN 1-85339-191-3. 155gmISBN 1-85339-191-3. 155gmISBN 1-85339-191-3. 155gm

This publication has three objectives. The first isto trace the evolution of transport theory andpolicy and to chart the emergence of the new‘needs-led’ approach. The second is to describethe methodology and findings of a number ofstudies which follow this approach. The third isto examine the implications of these findings forpolicy makers and to suggest areas ofintervention, which could usefully be explored tocomplement the development of rural roadnetworks, with a view to reducing the scale of thetransport burden which currently imposesheavily on the time and energy of the rural poor.Ref. No. 020-009143 $17.50

Rural roads and poverty alleviationJohn Howe and Peter Richards


A study prepared for the ILO to analyse thepattern and the use of local road networks, andthe causes and effects of road programmes onincome distribution and poverty alleviation ingeneral. The impact of the selection criteria usedin specific road programmes in four countries,Egypt, India, Botswana and Thailand ispresented and suggestions made for appropriateselection criteria for the future.Ref. No. 043-001217 $16.00

Rural transport in developing countriesIan Barwell, G. A. Edmonds, J. D. F. Howe and Jan deVeen


A study of rural transport patterns and policiesin developing countries, illustrated by nine case


Access and Rural

Employment

There is growing recognition of the scale of therural transport burden born by ruralcommunities to meet their basic needs, and of thedegree to which it inhibits their social andeconomic development. Studies have shown thatconventional approaches to rural problems whichfocus on roads and motorised transport may notprovide effective solutions. The novel approach torural travel and transport is defined in terms ofprovision of “access” that deals with mobility, i.e.the ease or difficulty with which people movethemselves and their goods, and the location ofsocial and economic services and facilities. Thefollowing titles provide an introduction to theconcepts, guidelines on policy and planningissues, access interventions and case studies.

Access and RuralEmployment: concepts and

theoryThe following titles provide an introduction tothe concepts and theories pertinent to ruraltravel and transport.

A gender responsive monitoring andevaluation system for rural travel andtransportPetronella Maramba and Michael Bamberger

World Bank. 2001. 55pp. 165gmWorld Bank. 2001. 55pp. 165gmWorld Bank. 2001. 55pp. 165gmWorld Bank. 2001. 55pp. 165gmWorld Bank. 2001. 55pp. 165gm

Provides practical guidance for planners,managers, and evaluators on the design and useof monitoring and evaluation (M &E) systems forrural travel and transport (RTT), that are gendersensitive. It is divided into four chapters whichcover the following issues: gender issues(including cultural, social and economic issues) inRTT; the essential elements and informationrequirements of an M & E system, appropriatedata collection and analysis methods anddifferent kinds of studies required for RTT; and agender responsive monitoring and evaluationsystemRef. No. 1AF-042574 POA


studies. Illustrates the wide range of low-costforms of transport that exists in rural areas andsuggests the need to broaden the scope of ruraltransport planning to encompass the actualneeds of rural communities in developingcountries.Ref. No. 043-000703 $19.00

Transport and the village: Findings fromAfrican village-level travel and transportsurveys and related studiesIan Barwell

World Bank Discussion Paper No. 344. Africa RegionWorld Bank Discussion Paper No. 344. Africa RegionWorld Bank Discussion Paper No. 344. Africa RegionWorld Bank Discussion Paper No. 344. Africa RegionWorld Bank Discussion Paper No. 344. Africa RegionSeries. The World Bank. 1996. 66pp. 200gmSeries. The World Bank. 1996. 66pp. 200gmSeries. The World Bank. 1996. 66pp. 200gmSeries. The World Bank. 1996. 66pp. 200gmSeries. The World Bank. 1996. 66pp. 200gm

The paper focuses on local level transport inrural Africa, examining the multi-sectoralimplication of rural transport and the relatedissues in policy formulation, institutionalstructures and planning. It defines a range ofpolicy measures which would facilitate aneffective response to rural transport needs. Italso advocates a more integrated approach torural transport planning at the local level andrecommends that accessibility be considered inthe design of many types of development projectsand programmes. This report presents asynthesis of the key findings from research, andan agenda for governments, donor agencies andNGOs aiming to improve rural mobility andaccess in Sub-Saharan Africa. Household surveysand case studies on intermediate means oftransport and the role of transport in women’slives were carried out to enhance theunderstanding of the circumstances under whichlocal level transport imposes a constraint.Ref. No. 020-009090 POA

Transport for the poor or poortransport?John D. G. F. Howe

ILO. 1996. 80pp. ISBN 92-2-110473. 230gmILO. 1996. 80pp. ISBN 92-2-110473. 230gmILO. 1996. 80pp. ISBN 92-2-110473. 230gmILO. 1996. 80pp. ISBN 92-2-110473. 230gmILO. 1996. 80pp. ISBN 92-2-110473. 230gm

Research has shown that in the poorest areashousehold travel is dominated by subsistencetasks of getting access to water, fuelwood,grinding mills, schools and clinics. The primetransport requirement is for the movement offrequent, small loads over short distances.Social and welfare needs are the mainmotivation for longer-distance travel for whichroad transport might be appropriate. Fewhouseholds possess any form of motorisedtransport. Instead walking, cycling andmovement by animal dominate. Recognition ofthese transport patterns has led to theformulation of rural transport policies andplanning methodologies based on the twinrequirements of improving household access toservices, and the mobility of all its members,especially the women who in many societiesshoulder the majority of the transport tasks.

The author argues that the implementation ofsuch policies implies a much wider and moreheterogeneous range of investments on thepart of governments and development agenciesthan has traditionally been the case. A neweconomic numaire will be required to replacecost-benefit analyses which, as currentlypractised, emphasise only a narrow range ofroad-user benefits. Least Cost Planning, whichhas been developed to overcome similar accessinvestment heterogeneity problems indeveloped countries, appears to merit closerinspection.Ref. No. 020-009163 POA

Women and rural transport:Assessment of their role in Sub-SaharanAfricaIrene Urasa

CTP 126. ILO. 1990. 79pp. 275gmCTP 126. ILO. 1990. 79pp. 275gmCTP 126. ILO. 1990. 79pp. 275gmCTP 126. ILO. 1990. 79pp. 275gmCTP 126. ILO. 1990. 79pp. 275gm

Considers rural women’s activities in relationto transport needs. Examines the impact onwomen of improving accessibility andintroducing intermediate means of transport,and the role of women in improving ruralaccessibility.Ref. No. 043-001730 $9.50

Access and RuralEmployment: Integrated

Rural Accessibility Planning(IRAP)

The following titles deal with rural accessibilityplanning at the local level. IRAP is a needs-basedplanning tool that, with community participationand in collaboration with local authorities,identifies the access problems and prioritisesinterventions addressing those problems.

A guide to Integrated RuralAccessibility Planning in MalawiRob Dingen

ILO/ASIST. June 2000. 140pp.ILO/ASIST. June 2000. 140pp.ILO/ASIST. June 2000. 140pp.ILO/ASIST. June 2000. 140pp.ILO/ASIST. June 2000. 140pp.ISBN 92 –2-112098-8. 250gmISBN 92 –2-112098-8. 250gmISBN 92 –2-112098-8. 250gmISBN 92 –2-112098-8. 250gmISBN 92 –2-112098-8. 250gm

This guide describes the IRAP approach inMalawi and is based experience from the PilotIntegrated Rural Transport Project in Malawi.IRAP is a multi-sectoral integrated planningtool that addresses the major aspects of accessneeds of rural households for subsistence andeconomic purposes. This is a useful practicalguide of the steps involved in the process.Ref. No. MWI-030511 POA



A guide to Integrated RuralAccessibility Planning in Tanzania:Gender — Integrated versionCompiled by Edward H. Mhina

ILO; Swiss Agency for Development and CoILO; Swiss Agency for Development and CoILO; Swiss Agency for Development and CoILO; Swiss Agency for Development and CoILO; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperationoperationoperationoperationoperation(SDC). March 1997. 74pp. 210gm(SDC). March 1997. 74pp. 210gm(SDC). March 1997. 74pp. 210gm(SDC). March 1997. 74pp. 210gm(SDC). March 1997. 74pp. 210gm

Based on the new approach in rural transportplanning, i.e. integrated rural accessibilityplanning, this guide focuses on how genderissues may be incorporated into rural transportand accessibility policy and planning. Theguidelines are drawn from the experience of theMakete Integrated Rural Transport Planning(MIRTP) project carried out by ILO and fundedby the SDC. The gender guidelines have beenprepared to assist district planners in Tanzania,planning and implementing programmes orprojects designed to improve ruralaccessibility.Ref. No. TZA-037595 POA

Accessibility planning and localdevelopmentK. Dixon-Fyle

RATP No. 2. ILO. 1998. 27pp. ISBN 92-2-111138-5.RATP No. 2. ILO. 1998. 27pp. ISBN 92-2-111138-5.RATP No. 2. ILO. 1998. 27pp. ISBN 92-2-111138-5.RATP No. 2. ILO. 1998. 27pp. ISBN 92-2-111138-5.RATP No. 2. ILO. 1998. 27pp. ISBN 92-2-111138-5.105gm105gm105gm105gm105gm

The IRAP (Integrated Rural AccessibilityPlanning) methodology is concerned withimprovement of the living and workingconditions of the rural population, throughinvestments directed towards the most urgentneeds for their access to basic goods, social andeconomic services and employment opportunities.This paper presents the accessibility planningapproach and the IRAP methodology, andexplores their present and potential usefulness tolocal level development within today’sdevelopment context, characterised by trendssuch as democratisation and decentralisation.The paper concludes by reviewing the differentareas in which more research and developmentcan extend the methodological range of IRAPwhilst keeping its edge as a simple, user-friendlyand yet powerful planning tool in the service oflocal level planners and communities.Ref. No. 020-009186 POA

Balancing the load: Proceedings of theAsia and Africa regional seminars ongender and rural transportInternational Forum for Rural Transport andInternational Forum for Rural Transport andInternational Forum for Rural Transport andInternational Forum for Rural Transport andInternational Forum for Rural Transport andDevelopment (IFRTD). 1999. 69pp. 250gmDevelopment (IFRTD). 1999. 69pp. 250gmDevelopment (IFRTD). 1999. 69pp. 250gmDevelopment (IFRTD). 1999. 69pp. 250gmDevelopment (IFRTD). 1999. 69pp. 250gm

The Balancing the Load research programmebegan in 1996 to fill the gaps in our knowledgeabout how gender relations affected women andmen’s access to goods and services and influencedthe provision of transport infrastructure andservices. These proceedings provide an account ofthe two regional seminars held in Asia and Africawhich brought together researchers and other

actors with an interest in gender, ruraldevelopment and rural transport to shareexperiences and develop recommendations forbetter integration of gender into rural transportinterventions.Ref. No. 020-009339 POA

Guidelines on Integrated RuralAccessibility Planning: Planning forpeoples’ needsGeoff Edmonds, Chris Dongess and Nori Palarca

ILO/DIGL. Manila, Philippines. 1994. 225pp. 285gmILO/DIGL. Manila, Philippines. 1994. 225pp. 285gmILO/DIGL. Manila, Philippines. 1994. 225pp. 285gmILO/DIGL. Manila, Philippines. 1994. 225pp. 285gmILO/DIGL. Manila, Philippines. 1994. 225pp. 285gm

These guidelines are intended to provide anintroduction to the Integrated Rural AccessibilityPlanning (IRAP) methodology. IRAP is a locallevel planning process which is based on theconcept that the lack of access of rural people togoods and services is one of the fundamentalconstraints to their development. It describes thebasic philosophy behind this local level planningprocedure and explains how it is applied andfinally illustrates what can be expected from it.This document includes three issues papers,which describe accessibility indicators, theaccessibility database and access mapping, as wellas two sets of training materials; T1 - Trainingreading material and T2 - Training program:access to basic goods and services.Ref. No. 020-009084 $24.00

Integrated Rural AccessibilityPlanning project seriesChris Donnges

Access and income generating activities. Issuepaper 1UNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 42pp. 120gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 42pp. 120gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 42pp. 120gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 42pp. 120gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 42pp. 120gm

Guidelines on Integrated Rural AccessibilityPlanning. Issue paper 2UNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 49pp. 150gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 49pp. 150gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 49pp. 150gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 49pp. 150gmUNDP; IRAP/ ILO. 1998. 49pp. 150gm

Rural road planning: Recommendations forimproving the rural road network in Lao P.D.R.Issue paper 3UNDP; Sida; ILO. 1998. 45pp. 130gmUNDP; Sida; ILO. 1998. 45pp. 130gmUNDP; Sida; ILO. 1998. 45pp. 130gmUNDP; Sida; ILO. 1998. 45pp. 130gmUNDP; Sida; ILO. 1998. 45pp. 130gm

These issue papers are meant to stimulate andguide discussions to improve the IRAP planningprocedures in Laos and other Asian countrieswhere activities are starting such as Indonesia,Cambodia, Mongolia and Thailand. They providevaluable information and guidelines that canusefully be adapted to different countries.Ref. No. 1AS-043533 (Paper 1) $5.00Ref. No. 1AS-043555 (Paper 2) $6.50Ref. No. 1AS-043556 (Paper 3) $6.00



Local level planning and investmentprioritisation. Final reportIT Transport. 1999. 57pp. 200gmIT Transport. 1999. 57pp. 200gmIT Transport. 1999. 57pp. 200gmIT Transport. 1999. 57pp. 200gmIT Transport. 1999. 57pp. 200gm

This report is based on the development of theaccessibility planning technique and the role ofaccess in planning for sustainable rurallivelihoods. It’s major emphasis is directed atensuring that local level funds set for accessimprovements are effectively allocated bydeveloping a simple procedure which can be usedby local level planners to make rationaledecisions when using scarce resources.Ref. No. 020-009328 $7.50

Rural transport and accessibilityRon Dennis

RATP No. 1, ILO. 1998. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-111141-5.RATP No. 1, ILO. 1998. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-111141-5.RATP No. 1, ILO. 1998. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-111141-5.RATP No. 1, ILO. 1998. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-111141-5.RATP No. 1, ILO. 1998. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-111141-5.235gm235gm235gm235gm235gm

This paper brings together the results of fourstudies undertaken in the framework of aninterregional project on rural transport andaccessibility financed by the SwedishInternational Development Cooperation Agency(Sida) and managed by the Development PoliciesDepartment (POLDEV) of the ILO. Theconsiderations emerging from these studies leadto a more general discussion on the issue of howto provide effective solutions to the access needsof rural populations. The main theme of thedocument is that there needs to be a moresystematic approach to the issue; that ruraltransport planning cannot be divorced from theplanning of physical infrastructure such as watersupply, schools and health centres. The paperreinforces support to the current trend towards asystems approach to the issue and describes theimportant aspects of the development of such anapproach.Ref. No. 020-009158 POA

Wasted Time: The price of poor accessG. A. Edmonds

RATP No. 3, ILO. 1998. 110pp. ISBN 92-2-111001-X.RATP No. 3, ILO. 1998. 110pp. ISBN 92-2-111001-X.RATP No. 3, ILO. 1998. 110pp. ISBN 92-2-111001-X.RATP No. 3, ILO. 1998. 110pp. ISBN 92-2-111001-X.RATP No. 3, ILO. 1998. 110pp. ISBN 92-2-111001-X.365gm365gm365gm365gm365gm

The focus of this paper is on how infrastructuredevelopment and accessibility planning caneffectively contribute to the improvement of theaccess situation in rural areas of developingcountries. The thesis of the book is that timeconsumed in merely obtaining access to servicesand facilities is a considerable constraint todevelopment. It provides detailed descriptions ofthe accessibility planning process, which has beendeveloped in the framework of the ILO-assistedprojects and of its potential, as well as indicationson possible improvements to such a process.Ref. No. 020-009159 POA

Access and RuralEmployment: rural access

interventionThe titles listed below describe various accessinterventions that address accessibility problems.These include development of ruralinfrastructure such as footpaths, tracks and footbridges; intermediate means of transport (IMT);provision of transport services; creation of anenvironment within which the need for and timespent on transport and travel are reduced.

Footpaths and tracks: A fieldmanual for their construction andimprovementIT Transport

RATP No. 6. ILO. 2002. 105pp. ISBN 92-2-113122-XRATP No. 6. ILO. 2002. 105pp. ISBN 92-2-113122-XRATP No. 6. ILO. 2002. 105pp. ISBN 92-2-113122-XRATP No. 6. ILO. 2002. 105pp. ISBN 92-2-113122-XRATP No. 6. ILO. 2002. 105pp. ISBN 92-2-113122-X330gm330gm330gm330gm330gm

The manual presents practical measures that canbe taken to improve or upgrade paths and tracksin developing countries. These improvements arenot only directed to making travel by foot easier,but also cover the need to provide access forintermediate means of transport (IMT) such aspack animals, bicycles, wheelbarrows and carts.The manual includes guidelines on organisationalissues; the appropriate standards for paths andtracks for different uses; as well as specific technicalsolutions to problems which are commonlyencountered on sections of paths and tracks.Ref. No. 020-009351 POA



Guidelines for the design andconstruction of suspension footbridgesEmmanuel Chipuru

ILO/ASIST. 2000. 130pp. ISBN. 92-2112443-6. 280gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 130pp. ISBN. 92-2112443-6. 280gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 130pp. ISBN. 92-2112443-6. 280gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 130pp. ISBN. 92-2112443-6. 280gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 130pp. ISBN. 92-2112443-6. 280gm

These guidelines draw on the experiences gainedduring the construction of suspension footbridgesin both Zimbabwe and Nepal. They cover thefollowing aspects: site investigation; estimationof quantities; tendering of contractor;construction procedures; resource management;and maintenance of the structure once built. It isintended as a complement to the standardprocedures and drawings for bridge developmentby the Department of Roads in Zimbabwe.Ref. No. 043-110000 $6.00

Intermediate means of transport in Sub-Saharan Africa: Its potential for improvingrural travel and transportJohn D. N. Riverson and Steve Carapetis

World Bank Technical Paper Number 161. AfricaWorld Bank Technical Paper Number 161. AfricaWorld Bank Technical Paper Number 161. AfricaWorld Bank Technical Paper Number 161. AfricaWorld Bank Technical Paper Number 161. AfricaTechnical Department Series. The World Bank. 1991.Technical Department Series. The World Bank. 1991.Technical Department Series. The World Bank. 1991.Technical Department Series. The World Bank. 1991.Technical Department Series. The World Bank. 1991.36pp. ISBN 0253-7494. 110gm36pp. ISBN 0253-7494. 110gm36pp. ISBN 0253-7494. 110gm36pp. ISBN 0253-7494. 110gm36pp. ISBN 0253-7494. 110gm

Examines rural transport services in Africa andthe gaps that exist. Discusses the potential forintermediate means of transport as a means ofimproving rural access and the personal mobilityof rural people, particularly women, to helpincrease their productivity. Calls for a newapproach to planning for rural transport basedon a better understanding of the needs of ruralpeople.Ref. No. 043-000539 POA

Low-cost vehicles: Options for movingpeople and goodsGordon Hathway


An illustrated guide to low-cost forms oftransport aimed at planners and decision makers.Focuses on the real transport needs of developingcommunities. Catalogues the range of low-costoptions available, summarising thecharacteristics, uses, advantages anddisadvantages.Ref. No. 043-001684 $16.00

Makete Integrated Rural TransportProject The transport demand of ruralhouseholds: Findings from a village-leveltravel survey. Volume I: Main report;Volume II: Annexes to main reportIan Barwell and Christina Malmberg Calvo

ILO. 1989. Volume I: CTP 102. 90pp. 270gm; VolumeILO. 1989. Volume I: CTP 102. 90pp. 270gm; VolumeILO. 1989. Volume I: CTP 102. 90pp. 270gm; VolumeILO. 1989. Volume I: CTP 102. 90pp. 270gm; VolumeILO. 1989. Volume I: CTP 102. 90pp. 270gm; VolumeII: CTP 103. 83pp. 250gmII: CTP 103. 83pp. 250gmII: CTP 103. 83pp. 250gmII: CTP 103. 83pp. 250gmII: CTP 103. 83pp. 250gm

This report presents the findings of the village-level transport survey carried out in Maketedistrict of Tanzania as part of the MaketeIntegrated Rural Transport Project (MIRTP).The object of the project was to assist the districtidentify and implement sustainableimprovements in the rural transport system inthe area to improve access of rural households toessential goods and services using local resources.The purpose of the survey was to define thetransport characteristics and existing travelpatterns of rural households, and their level ofaccess to basic economic and social facilities. Thefindings from the survey provide a basis ofdefining a programme of interventions aimed atimproving access of rural households. They alsohave important implications for the developmentof rural transport facilities in other parts ofTanzania and Sub-Saharan Africa.Ref. No. TZA-037414 (Volume I) $11.50Ref. No. TZA-037415 (Volume II) $85.00

Manual on improvements/maintenanceof paths. Makete Integrated Rural TransportProjectK. Selvarasa

ILO. 1992. 20pp. 145gmILO. 1992. 20pp. 145gmILO. 1992. 20pp. 145gmILO. 1992. 20pp. 145gmILO. 1992. 20pp. 145gm

This is a simple guide for technicians for theimprovement and maintenance of ruralinfrastructure such as footbridges, paths, tracksand culverts using locally available resources.Ref. No. TZA-037124 $3.50



Manufacturer’s guide: Low-costtransport devicesIT Zimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997. 32pp. 145gmIT Zimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997. 32pp. 145gmIT Zimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997. 32pp. 145gmIT Zimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997. 32pp. 145gmIT Zimbabwe and ILO/ASIST. 1997. 32pp. 145gm

This booklet is intended to provide artisans withbasic designs of different non-motorised ruraltransport devices that they can make in ruralworkshops using basic equipment. The devicesillustrated are designed with small rural farms inmind and include various hand and animaldrawn carrying devices, wheelbarrows and pushcarts. It also includes designs for themanufacture of wheels and hubs. A list oftraining centres in Zimbabwe is also provided.Ref. No. 020-009188 POA

Meeting transport needs with intermediatemodes of transport. Volume I and Volume IIIFRTD. 1999. Volume I: 47pp.IFRTD. 1999. Volume I: 47pp.IFRTD. 1999. Volume I: 47pp.IFRTD. 1999. Volume I: 47pp.IFRTD. 1999. Volume I: 47pp.ISBN 955-8233-00-5; 80gm; Volume II: 221pp.ISBN 955-8233-00-5; 80gm; Volume II: 221pp.ISBN 955-8233-00-5; 80gm; Volume II: 221pp.ISBN 955-8233-00-5; 80gm; Volume II: 221pp.ISBN 955-8233-00-5; 80gm; Volume II: 221pp.ISBN 955-8233-01-3. 310gmISBN 955-8233-01-3. 310gmISBN 955-8233-01-3. 310gmISBN 955-8233-01-3. 310gmISBN 955-8233-01-3. 310gm

Proceedings of the regional seminar onIntermediate Modes of Transport (IMT)organised by the Lanka Forum on RuralTransport Development (LFRTD) and held inGalle, Sri Lanka on March 1998. The aim of theseminar was to create awareness of the issuesrelated to the production, dissemination and useof IMTs. Volume I presents the overview of theseminar, while volume II contains the paperspresented.Ref. No. 020-009324 (Volume I) POARef. No. 020-009325 (Volume II) POA

Promoting intermediate means oftransport: Approach paperI.T. Transport Ltd.

Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy ProgramSub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy ProgramSub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy ProgramSub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy ProgramSub-Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program(SSATP), Working Paper No. 20. The World Bank.(SSATP), Working Paper No. 20. The World Bank.(SSATP), Working Paper No. 20. The World Bank.(SSATP), Working Paper No. 20. The World Bank.(SSATP), Working Paper No. 20. The World Bank.October 1996. 50pp. 130gmOctober 1996. 50pp. 130gmOctober 1996. 50pp. 130gmOctober 1996. 50pp. 130gmOctober 1996. 50pp. 130gm

This paper puts forward a five-stage decisionmaking model for the designer or planner ofprojects or programmes. It begins with acontextual analysis that gives attention toenvironmental, economic, industrial, and socialfactors; and non project issues such asinstitutional, policy and regulatory. The resultsare filtered through a consideration of accessissues, including national norms and targets aswell as the possibility of non transport solutionsto what may appear to be transport problems.This leads to a diagnosis of the problem to betackled and the objectives to be set in improvingthe rural transport system. A supply and demandanalysis then provides a bridge between thedefinition of needs and the last stage, theplanning of detailed action.Ref. No. 020-009091 POA

Report of the final evaluation missionregarding the Pilot Integrated RuralTransport Project - Phase (II): MLW/93/003John Sadalaki, Geoff Edmonds, and Michael Dalton

ILO; UNDP; Government of Malawi. 1996. 109pp.ILO; UNDP; Government of Malawi. 1996. 109pp.ILO; UNDP; Government of Malawi. 1996. 109pp.ILO; UNDP; Government of Malawi. 1996. 109pp.ILO; UNDP; Government of Malawi. 1996. 109pp.320gm320gm320gm320gm320gm

This is a report of an evaluation mission of thePilot Integrated Rural Transport Project(PIRTP). Overall, the project was regarded as asuccess. Recommendations include the need topromote Intermediate Means of Transport (IMT),and more effective credit.Ref. No. MWI-030020 $12.50

Rural transportJo Doran

Energy and Environment Technology Source Books.Energy and Environment Technology Source Books.Energy and Environment Technology Source Books.Energy and Environment Technology Source Books.Energy and Environment Technology Source Books.Intermediate Technology Publications; UnitedIntermediate Technology Publications; UnitedIntermediate Technology Publications; UnitedIntermediate Technology Publications; UnitedIntermediate Technology Publications; UnitedNations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM).1996. 80pp. ISBN 1-85339-345-2. 220gm1996. 80pp. ISBN 1-85339-345-2. 220gm1996. 80pp. ISBN 1-85339-345-2. 220gm1996. 80pp. ISBN 1-85339-345-2. 220gm1996. 80pp. ISBN 1-85339-345-2. 220gm

This source book seeks to raise awareness and toprovide information on how rural transportproblems might be identified and addressed.Since much of rural transporting work is done bywomen, efforts to address transport needs mustpay attention to those who carry the mainburden: women. The book highlights ruraltransport activities and needs, ways of addressingthese needs with different means of transport,i.e. improving local transport infrastructure,transport activities and needs, ways of addressingthese needs with different means of transport,i.e. improving local transport infrastructure,establishing transport services, as well as non-transport interventions. The constraints arediscussed and a checklist of questions forconsideration before identifying or acquiring aconsideration before identifying or acquiring ameans of transport is provided. Case studies andreference lists are also included.Ref. No. 020-009173 $13.00

Rural transport study in three districtsof Zimbabwe

Volume 1: Main report presenting the findingsfrom the survey in Zaka, Rushinga andChipinge districtsMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofZimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;ILO. April 1997. 37pp. 140gmILO. April 1997. 37pp. 140gmILO. April 1997. 37pp. 140gmILO. April 1997. 37pp. 140gmILO. April 1997. 37pp. 140gm

Volume one presents the results of the surveyson local travel and transport conducted inChipinge, Rushinga and Zaka Districts inZimbabwe. The objectives of this study were: toimprove understanding at national, provincialand district levels of the actual transport needsand patterns of the rural population; produce anaction plan for each of the three survey districts;



and facilitate development of a National Policyon local rural transport in Zimbabwe. The datapresented suggests that households spendconsiderable time and money on their dailysubsistence and on other social and economicneeds. This study provides a list ofrecommendations to address poor access in ruralareas.Ref. No. ZWE-041126 POA

Volume 2: The transport burden on women andgirls in Zimbabwe’s rural areasEmily Mudzamba

Government of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andEnergy; Sida; ILO. April 1998. 35pp. 120gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. April 1998. 35pp. 120gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. April 1998. 35pp. 120gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. April 1998. 35pp. 120gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. April 1998. 35pp. 120gm

Volume two presents the findings of a furtherstudy seeking to define the transport needs ofwomen and girls and to providerecommendations. Among the key findings of thesurveys were that women and girls areoverburdened with responsibilities oftransporting basic household necessities likefuelwood, water, agricultural produce, etc. Veryoften services are located in inaccessible areas.Ref. No. ZWE-041539 POA

Volume 3: The transport need generated byagricultural activitiesTatenda C. Mbara

Government of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andGovernment of Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport andEnergy; Sida; ILO. May 1998. 36pp. 160gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. May 1998. 36pp. 160gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. May 1998. 36pp. 160gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. May 1998. 36pp. 160gmEnergy; Sida; ILO. May 1998. 36pp. 160gm

This report contains the findings of agriculturalgenerated travel and transport in Chipinge andZaka provinces. The rural travel and transportburden for agricultural generated trips isgenerally high but vary between districts as wellas wards within the same districts. Members ofthe household spend a considerable amount oftime on activities related to crop production,marketing and transportation of farm inputs. Animportant finding in this study is the high levelof intermediate modes of transport (IMT) use incrop production.Ref. No.ZWE-041562 POA

Volume 4: Annexes to the rural travel andtransport study in Zaka, Rushinga andChipingeMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofMannock Management Consultants; Government ofZimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;Zimbabwe, Ministry of Transport and Energy; Sida;ILO. April 1998. 50pp. 155gmILO. April 1998. 50pp. 155gmILO. April 1998. 50pp. 155gmILO. April 1998. 50pp. 155gmILO. April 1998. 50pp. 155gm

Volume four contains the annexes for the studiesand includes the terms of reference,methodology, survey questionnaires, results,findings and recommendations.Ref. No. ZWE-041548 POA

The design and manufacture of animal-drawn cartsIan Barwell and Gordon Hathway


A technical manual prepared for the ILO andHabitat on the principles of good design andmanufacture of efficient animal drawn carts. Itprovides detailed information on animal cartdesign and manufacturing technologies that canbe employed under different circumstances andat different scales of production. The manual isuseful for producers and potential producers whohave difficulty in choosing and applyingtechnologies best suited to their owncircumstances. However, it is also of interest toplanners, evaluators from development agencies,training institutions and funding agencies.Ref. No. 043-000842 $20.00

The design and manufacture of low-cost motorised vehiclesIan Barwell and Alan Smith

ILO; Habitat; Intermediate Technology Publications.ILO; Habitat; Intermediate Technology Publications.ILO; Habitat; Intermediate Technology Publications.ILO; Habitat; Intermediate Technology Publications.ILO; Habitat; Intermediate Technology Publications.1988. 190pp. ISBN: 1-85339-070-4. 545gm1988. 190pp. ISBN: 1-85339-070-4. 545gm1988. 190pp. ISBN: 1-85339-070-4. 545gm1988. 190pp. ISBN: 1-85339-070-4. 545gm1988. 190pp. ISBN: 1-85339-070-4. 545gm

Aimed at planners and decision-makers seekingto identify or select low-cost motorised vehicles tomeet local transport needs. Gives an assessmentof low-cost vehicle options available to thedeveloping world. Provides technicalspecifications for the design of different vehiclessuitable for manufacture in developing countries.Technical and economic considerations in themanufacture of low-cost motorised vehicles arediscussed.Ref. No. 020-009144 $25.00



(A publication in the Small Building Contractorseries).Ref. No. 043-000312 $16.00

Contracting out road maintenanceactivities

Volume I: Developing domestic contractors forroad maintenance in AfricaJean Marie Lantran

The World Bank, ECA, SSATP. 1990. 39pp. 110gmThe World Bank, ECA, SSATP. 1990. 39pp. 110gmThe World Bank, ECA, SSATP. 1990. 39pp. 110gmThe World Bank, ECA, SSATP. 1990. 39pp. 110gmThe World Bank, ECA, SSATP. 1990. 39pp. 110gm

Volume II: Contracts for road maintenanceworks, agreements for works by direct labourJean Marie Lantran


Volume III: Setting up a plant poolJean Marie Lantran and Roger Lebussy


Volume IV: Managing small contracts: Practicalguidance on how to streamline and managesmall contracts for public works and servicesJean Marie Lantran


Volume V: Road maintenance and the envi-ronment: Guidance for taking care of theenvironment when preparing and carryingout road maintenance activitiesJean Marie Lantran, Jacques Baillon, Jean-Marc Pagès


This series of reports was produced for the WorldBank as part of their Sub-Saharan AfricaTransport Program initiative.

Volume I reviews the experience of past andcurrent projects aimed at developing the capacityof the domestic construction industry in roadmaintenance works.

Volume II draws lessons for preparing,awarding, and managing contracts for roadmaintenance works in developing countries.

Volume III presents information and advice onhow to set up a commercial plant pool to dealwith the redeployment of governmentdepartmental equipment fleets and to facilitateaccess to equipment for small contractors andforce-account brigades.

Volume IV reviews the experience of past andcurrent projects and draws lessons for preparing,awarding, and managing contracts for roadmaintenance works. It offers practical guidanceto highway and other authorities to help themstreamline their procedures and reform theirstructure so as to manage efficiently smallcontracts for road maintenance works.

The final volume V aims at providing all theactors in road maintenance programmes with

User’s guide: Low-cost transportdevicesIT Zimbabwe; ILO/ASIST. 1997. 16pp. 95gmIT Zimbabwe; ILO/ASIST. 1997. 16pp. 95gmIT Zimbabwe; ILO/ASIST. 1997. 16pp. 95gmIT Zimbabwe; ILO/ASIST. 1997. 16pp. 95gmIT Zimbabwe; ILO/ASIST. 1997. 16pp. 95gm

This booklet is intended for organisations dealingwith issues of rural transport. It providesinformation on transport devices for ruralhouseholds and small farms that can be made inrural workshops using basic equipment. Thebasic designs described can be modified to suitlocal conditions, material supply and mostimportantly to suit the customer’s needs, and canbe made by any good rural workshop.Ref. No. 020-009189 POA

Construction managementand contracting

For many years the responsibility for deliveringinfrastructure in the developing world hasremained with government agencies. This is nowchanging, and the private sector is becomingmuch more important. However the privatesector, particularly the small-scale and emergingbusinesses that would be appropriate for labour-based work, needs a lot of help to grow, andgovernment procedures need to be adapted togive a supportive environment. These documentsprovide the necessary information to help thisprocess.

Accounting and book-keeping for the smallbuilding contractorDerek Miles

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 192pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 192pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 192pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 192pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 192pp.ISBN 0-903031-54-X. 270gmISBN 0-903031-54-X. 270gmISBN 0-903031-54-X. 270gmISBN 0-903031-54-X. 270gmISBN 0-903031-54-X. 270gm

A practical and comprehensive guide formanagers and owners of small contractingbusinesses. Topics covered include keepingrecords, assets and liabilities, basic book-keeping,fixed assets, depreciation, balance sheets, profitand loss accounts, reading and comparison ofaccounts. Also includes practical exercises.



practical guidance and tools for integratingenvironmental considerations into roadmaintenance operations. The report covers theidentification of the impact of road maintenanceon the environment, the technical options,economic considerations, and institutional andcontractual aspects of integrated environmentalmanagement in road maintenance.Ref. No. 043-000300 (Volume I) POARef. No. 043-000531 (Volume II) POARef. No. 043-001437 (Volume III) POARef. No. 043-001586 (Volume IV) POARef. No. 043-001002 (Volume V) POA

Employment-intensive infrastructureprogrammes: Capacity building forcontracting in the construction sectorPeter Bentall, Andreas Beusch and Jan de Veen

ILO. 1999. 238pp. ISBN 92-2-111-581-X. 780gm (AlsoILO. 1999. 238pp. ISBN 92-2-111-581-X. 780gm (AlsoILO. 1999. 238pp. ISBN 92-2-111-581-X. 780gm (AlsoILO. 1999. 238pp. ISBN 92-2-111-581-X. 780gm (AlsoILO. 1999. 238pp. ISBN 92-2-111-581-X. 780gm (Alsoavailable in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)

These guidelines present the current experienceof contractor development programmes whichaim to introduce cost-effective employmentintensive approaches to infrastructure workswhile respecting labour standards and correctworking conditions. It discusses different optionsfor private sector development — contractors andconsultants — the selection and training ofcontractors, their access to and management offinancial and material resources, and contractdocumentation and procedures. It also deals withlabour relations and issues related to workingconditions and labour standards.Ref. No.003-014133 $25.00

Financial planning for the small buildingcontractorDerek Miles


A practical easy-to-read guide for small buildingcontractors on planning, job programming, cashflow, funds management, investment decisions,billing procedures, and monitoring andevaluating work processes. (A publication in theSmall Building Contractor series).Ref. No. 043-000315 $16.00

Ghana feeder roads projectGHA/84/008: Labour-based rehabilitationand maintenance. Final reportP. H. Bentall

CTP 116. World Employment Programme; ILO. 1990.CTP 116. World Employment Programme; ILO. 1990.CTP 116. World Employment Programme; ILO. 1990.CTP 116. World Employment Programme; ILO. 1990.CTP 116. World Employment Programme; ILO. 1990.116pp. 315gm116pp. 315gm116pp. 315gm116pp. 315gm116pp. 315gm

Reports on the experience of the Ghana feederroads improvement project which involved theuse of local small-scale contractors employinglabour-based methods. Outlines the project

objectives, planning and implementationprocedures (including contract procedures),equipment arrangements, costs, and the spotimprovement and maintenance programmeemployed. The report concludes with theproblems faced, achievements and lessonslearned.Ref. No. GHA-026023 $13.00

Guidelines for the development ofsmall-scale construction enterprisesColin T. Relf and Angus D. Austen

ILO. 1987. 143pp. ISBN 92-2-105695-3. 215gmILO. 1987. 143pp. ISBN 92-2-105695-3. 215gmILO. 1987. 143pp. ISBN 92-2-105695-3. 215gmILO. 1987. 143pp. ISBN 92-2-105695-3. 215gmILO. 1987. 143pp. ISBN 92-2-105695-3. 215gm

Provides comprehensive and specific guidelinesfor the development of small- scale constructionenterprises. Discusses the rationale for thedevelopment of small- scale constructionenterprises, policy issues, constraints,programmes and strategies for small contractordevelopment. Specifically targeted towards policymakers, governments and others working toimprove the performance of small- scaleconstruction enterprises.Ref. No. 043-000307 $17.00

Improving site productivity in theconstruction industryAlan Heap


Addressed to managers of construction projects,this book describes how improvements inproductivity can be achieved. Outlines the use ofwork study, a series of techniques used tosystematically examine every aspect of humanwork and the factors that affect efficiency andeconomy to improve productivity levels inconstruction work.Ref. No. 043-000305 $25.00

Labour-based contracting on theroad to the 21st centuryJan de Veen and Terje Tessem

ILO/SAMAT. 1996. 36pp. 105gmILO/SAMAT. 1996. 36pp. 105gmILO/SAMAT. 1996. 36pp. 105gmILO/SAMAT. 1996. 36pp. 105gmILO/SAMAT. 1996. 36pp. 105gm

The ILO has been involved in the development oflocal contractors in the road sector through itsEmployment- intensive Programme. The paperreviews the ILO’s holistic approach whichinvolves both the business community and thegovernment agency in joint implementation oflabour-based roadworks. It underscores thecrucial role of the government agency in fosteringthe growth of the local contracting industry. Thisis to be done through the development of asupportive policy environment and theintroduction of simple and effectiveadministrative systems. At the same time thebusiness community should be involved intraining and subsequent support programmessuch as mentorship programmes for theemerging contractors. In addition to facilitating



institutional development to support emergingcontractors, the government agency will need toarrange for business management and technicaltraining.Ref. No. 043-000839 $5.00

Labour-based contracting: A study todevelop guidelines for project formulationand implementation. Phase 1: Collectionand collation of dataPeter Bentall, Alex Twumasi-Boakye and RonWatermeyer

Volume 1: Overview; Assessment of key issues; General analysis of projects; Briefproject descriptions

Volume 2: Country reports; Applicability ofprojects; Alternative approaches

Volume 3: Overview (South Africa); SowetoCDP; Contract documentationILO. 1995. Volume 1: 129pp, 365gm; Volume 2: 168pp,ILO. 1995. Volume 1: 129pp, 365gm; Volume 2: 168pp,ILO. 1995. Volume 1: 129pp, 365gm; Volume 2: 168pp,ILO. 1995. Volume 1: 129pp, 365gm; Volume 2: 168pp,ILO. 1995. Volume 1: 129pp, 365gm; Volume 2: 168pp,465gm; Volume 3: 178pp, 485gm465gm; Volume 3: 178pp, 485gm465gm; Volume 3: 178pp, 485gm465gm; Volume 3: 178pp, 485gm465gm; Volume 3: 178pp, 485gm

Report of the first phase in an ILO project todevelop guidelines for project formulation andimplementation of labour-based contractingprojects. Reports on a study tour of labour-basedcontractor training projects in Ghana, Kenya,Uganda, Lesotho, Zimbabwe and South Africa.Volume One identifies the key issues fromvarious project experiences, i.e. projectpreparation, training, contract documentationand detailed implementation. Volume Twocontains detailed descriptions and analyses of thevarious country projects, the applicability of theprojects and alternative approaches. VolumeThree concentrates on the South Africansituation and the Soweto contractor developmentprogramme (CDP).Ref. No. 1AF-042034 (Volume 1) POARef. No. 1AF-042035 (Volume 2) POARef. No. 1AF-042036 (Volume 3) POA

Managing construction projects: Aguide to processes and proceduresAngus D. Austen and R. H. Neale (Eds.)

ILO. 1990. 159pp. ISBN 92-2-106476-X. 290gmILO. 1990. 159pp. ISBN 92-2-106476-X. 290gmILO. 1990. 159pp. ISBN 92-2-106476-X. 290gmILO. 1990. 159pp. ISBN 92-2-106476-X. 290gmILO. 1990. 159pp. ISBN 92-2-106476-X. 290gm

This guide describes the general principles ofconstruction project management, with emphasison their use in developing countries. Particularemphasis is placed on the need for carefulplanning and the requirements for successfulexecution at all stages. This fully illustratedpractical guide is valuable for all involved inmanaging construction projects and constructionmanagement training.Ref. No. 043-000306 $18.50

Road contractor promotion andemployment generation in AfricaEugéne Rausch

Transport and Construction Division, GTZ, Eschborn,Transport and Construction Division, GTZ, Eschborn,Transport and Construction Division, GTZ, Eschborn,Transport and Construction Division, GTZ, Eschborn,Transport and Construction Division, GTZ, Eschborn,Germany. 1994. 159pp. 215gmGermany. 1994. 159pp. 215gmGermany. 1994. 159pp. 215gmGermany. 1994. 159pp. 215gmGermany. 1994. 159pp. 215gm

A study of the organisational and financialcondition for promoting road contractors indeveloping countries in Africa, the creation ofemployment agencies as well as the use ofveterans in feeder road maintenance. Discussespast experiences in developing a local roadcontracting industry, by looking at experiences inspecific countries including Cameroon, Rwanda,Tanzania, Uganda, and Zanzibar. Analyses theproblems of the road contracting industry anddefines possible solutions. Looks at theadministrative environment of the traditionalcontracting authority and advocates for privatecontracting agencies as a new approach tocontractor promotion.Ref. No. 1AF-042044 POA

The administration of labour-intensiveworks done by contract. Practical guideP. Garnier and M. van Imschoot


Provides practical guidelines to those responsiblefor rural and urban labour-intensiveinfrastructure projects. Aims to facilitategovernment departments or local consultingfirms in the preparation of tender and contractdocuments, and the administration of suchcontracts, for implementation of labour-intensiveinfrastructural works by small and medium scaleconstruction enterprises.Ref. No. 043-001747 $14.00

The RainmakerILO. 1992. 28pp. ISBN: 92-2-103271-X. 165gmILO. 1992. 28pp. ISBN: 92-2-103271-X. 165gmILO. 1992. 28pp. ISBN: 92-2-103271-X. 165gmILO. 1992. 28pp. ISBN: 92-2-103271-X. 165gmILO. 1992. 28pp. ISBN: 92-2-103271-X. 165gm

A light hearted account of the trials that beset asmall contractor. An illustrated comic-like storywhere the contractor is portrayed as arainmaker.Ref. No. 043-000251 $3.00

The small building contractor and the clientDerek Miles

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 270pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 270pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 270pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 270pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1986. 270pp.

ISBN 0-903031-67-1. 340gmISBN 0-903031-67-1. 340gmISBN 0-903031-67-1. 340gmISBN 0-903031-67-1. 340gmISBN 0-903031-67-1. 340gm

A practical guide for small building contractorson how to establish and run a businesseffectively. Topics covered include marketing,estimating, pricing, purchasing, bidding policy,risks, legal issues, contractor-client relationship.(A publication in the Small Building Contractorseries).Ref. No. 043-000313 $16.00



Towards guidelines for labour-basedcontracting: A framework document. MARTWorking Paper No. 1MART/ILO. 1996. 36pp. ISBN 1-900930-005. 135gmMART/ILO. 1996. 36pp. ISBN 1-900930-005. 135gmMART/ILO. 1996. 36pp. ISBN 1-900930-005. 135gmMART/ILO. 1996. 36pp. ISBN 1-900930-005. 135gmMART/ILO. 1996. 36pp. ISBN 1-900930-005. 135gm

This framework document on labour-basedcontracting for the roads sector in low-incomecountries is intended to provide a useful set ofchecklists for practitioners. It forms apreparatory stage for the production of acomprehensive manual. The framework wasproduced as a result of a workshop of 30international experts on the topic. Both strategicand operational issues of labour-basedcontracting are covered.Ref. No. RES-017003 POA

Contract documentsA simple and reliable set of contractdocuments is a prerequisite for successfulcontracts. However most existing documentstend to be over complex for the level of workwe are involved in. There has been atemptation to produce ad hoc contractsassembled from various sources. These haveoften proved to be poorly drafted and ofdoubtful value when claims or disputes occur.The following set of contract documentsdeveloped in Lesotho could be used or adaptedfor use in different countries.

Contract documents for smallcontracts in the road sectorDavid Stiedl

Technical Brief No 5. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 18pp. 55gmTechnical Brief No 5. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 18pp. 55gmTechnical Brief No 5. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 18pp. 55gmTechnical Brief No 5. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 18pp. 55gmTechnical Brief No 5. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 18pp. 55gm

Private sector involvement in road constructionand maintenance is now a priority in manydeveloping countries, but there is often limitedexposure and experience with moderncontracting procedures and practices. Thistechnical brief looks at some of the currentlyavailable contract documentation for works ofcivil engineering construction and comments ontheir suitability for use by road agencies withrespect to local small or “emerging” contractors.Ref. No. 043-002420 $3.00

Labour Construction Unit: Biddingdocument for road rehabilitation/regravelling worksLabour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Maseru, Lesotho. May 1996. 84pp. 315gmMaseru, Lesotho. May 1996. 84pp. 315gmMaseru, Lesotho. May 1996. 84pp. 315gmMaseru, Lesotho. May 1996. 84pp. 315gmMaseru, Lesotho. May 1996. 84pp. 315gm

Bidding documents developed and used by theLabour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Lesotho for road rehabilitation and regravellingworks using labour-based construction methods.Ref. No. LSO-028139 POA

Labour Construction Unit: Contractdocuments for routine road maintenanceLabour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Maseru, Lesotho, June 1996. 40pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho, June 1996. 40pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho, June 1996. 40pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho, June 1996. 40pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho, June 1996. 40pp. 130gm

Contract documents developed and used by theLabour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Lesotho for contracting out labour-based routinemaintenance roadworks to small scalecontractors.Ref. No. LSO-028138 POA

Standard procedures for the procurementof worksIT Transport

Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Maseru, Lesotho. June 1997. 18pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho. June 1997. 18pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho. June 1997. 18pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho. June 1997. 18pp. 130gmMaseru, Lesotho. June 1997. 18pp. 130gm

Standard procedures for competitive and directbidding and contract procurement used by theLabour Construction Unit, Ministry of Works,Lesotho for contracting out road rehabilitationand regravelling works to small scale contractorsusing labour-based construction methods.Ref. No. LSO-028133 POA

Contractor trainingThe construction industry in developingcountries typically employs 5-10 percent of theworkforce, and is responsible for creating at least50 percent of these countries fixed assets. Inrecognition of the importance of this industry theILO has been involved in technical cooperationprogrammes concerned with contractordevelopment. The ILO and its partners haveproduced a series of publications as a result ofthese activities, designed to increase thecompetence of small-scale contractors.

Entrepreneurship development for labour-based road construction contractorsLabour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Lesotho. May 1999Lesotho. May 1999Lesotho. May 1999Lesotho. May 1999Lesotho. May 1999

ROCAU training programme: Trainingguidelines264pp. 700gm264pp. 700gm264pp. 700gm264pp. 700gm264pp. 700gm

ROCAU course: Overhead slides110pp. 300gm110pp. 300gm110pp. 300gm110pp. 300gm110pp. 300gm

ROCAU course: Training manual285pp. 750gm285pp. 750gm285pp. 750gm285pp. 750gm285pp. 750gm

ROCAU is the roads construction and upgradingprogramme in Lesotho. These guidelines areuseful for planning, organising and implementingtraining programmes for small-scale contractorsof labour-based road works. The guidelines



contain practical advice, checklists and referencematerial based on the experience gained duringcourses conducted by the LCU and ILO inLesotho. The training manual covers the basicinformation required for the classroom trainingcourses for contract supervisors, contractors, andcontractors’ site agents. Chapters in the manualinclude: appropriate technology for roadconstruction and maintenance; soil mechanics;equipment and tools; site planning and qualitycontrol; managing people; and contractdocumentation and pricing principles. Thetraining guidelines are complemented by a set ofoverhead slides to be used in the training.Ref. No. LSO-028514 (Training guidelines) POARef. No. LSO-028515 (Overhead slides) POARef. No. LSO-028516 (Training manual) POA

Improve your construction businessseriesClaes-Axel Andersson, Derek Miles, Richard Neale,John Ward

Pricing and bidding. IYCB 1. Handbook andWorkbookILO. 1994. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108738-7.ILO. 1994. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108738-7.ILO. 1994. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108738-7.ILO. 1994. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108738-7.ILO. 1994. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108738-7.170gm; Workbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108748-4.170gm; Workbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108748-4.170gm; Workbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108748-4.170gm; Workbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108748-4.170gm; Workbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108748-4.170gm170gm170gm170gm170gmRef. No. 062-003669 (Handbook) $11.00Ref. No. 062-003670 (Workbook) $11.00

Site management. IYCB 2: Handbook andWorkbookILO. 1996. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108754-9.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108754-9.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108754-9.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108754-9.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 112pp. ISBN 92-2-108754-9.195gm; Workbook: 160pp. ISBN 92-2-108753-0.195gm; Workbook: 160pp. ISBN 92-2-108753-0.195gm; Workbook: 160pp. ISBN 92-2-108753-0.195gm; Workbook: 160pp. ISBN 92-2-108753-0.195gm; Workbook: 160pp. ISBN 92-2-108753-0.265gm265gm265gm265gm265gmRef. No. 062-003773 (Handbook) $11.00Ref. No. 062-003774 (Workbook) $11.00

Business management. IYCB 3: Handbook andWorkbookILO. 1996. Handbook: 128pp. ISBN 92-2-108755-7.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 128pp. ISBN 92-2-108755-7.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 128pp. ISBN 92-2-108755-7.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 128pp. ISBN 92-2-108755-7.ILO. 1996. Handbook: 128pp. ISBN 92-2-108755-7.215gm; Workbook: 144pp. ISBN 92-2-108756-5.215gm; Workbook: 144pp. ISBN 92-2-108756-5.215gm; Workbook: 144pp. ISBN 92-2-108756-5.215gm; Workbook: 144pp. ISBN 92-2-108756-5.215gm; Workbook: 144pp. ISBN 92-2-108756-5.245gm245gm245gm245gm245gmRef. No. 062-003805 (Handbook) $11.00Ref. No. 062-003806 (Workbook) $11.00

The Improve Your Construction Business (IYCB)series has been developed to suit the needs ofsmall building and public works contractors. Theseries is designed for self-study. There is also anIYCB trainer’s guide to assist trainers inpreparing for and running seminars andworkshops. Volume 1 presents a step-by-stepguide through the preparation of a bid for a smallbuilding contract, and also contains a contractglossary. The Workbook contains exercises to testthe contractor’s estimating skills and to helpidentify strengths and weaknesses of theirbusinesses.

Volume 2 covers the technical aspects ofplanning and site management. The Handbook,

together with its companion Workbook, exploresthe management of construction projects,including both the initial planning aspects andpractical issues such as site layout, work methodsand quality control. Volume 3 focuses on thefinancial control and office administration areaswhich are frequently neglected by contractors,who are generally more interested in thetechnical aspects of construction work. TheHandbook covers both financial and businessmanagement and includes guidelines on thecosting of plant and equipment, as well as anintroduction to accounting, marketing and adviceon efficient office organisation. The Workbookcontains exercises in management practice andskill tests.

Interactive contractor trainingT. Hernes and Derek Miles

Module 1: Estimating and tenderingILO. 1987. 276pp. ISBN 92-2-109156-2. 1015gmILO. 1987. 276pp. ISBN 92-2-109156-2. 1015gmILO. 1987. 276pp. ISBN 92-2-109156-2. 1015gmILO. 1987. 276pp. ISBN 92-2-109156-2. 1015gmILO. 1987. 276pp. ISBN 92-2-109156-2. 1015gm

Module 2: Project planningILO. 1987. 231pp. ISBN 92-2-109157-0. 850gmILO. 1987. 231pp. ISBN 92-2-109157-0. 850gmILO. 1987. 231pp. ISBN 92-2-109157-0. 850gmILO. 1987. 231pp. ISBN 92-2-109157-0. 850gmILO. 1987. 231pp. ISBN 92-2-109157-0. 850gm

Module 3: Site productivityILO. 1987. 138pp. ISBN 92-2-109158-9. 550gmILO. 1987. 138pp. ISBN 92-2-109158-9. 550gmILO. 1987. 138pp. ISBN 92-2-109158-9. 550gmILO. 1987. 138pp. ISBN 92-2-109158-9. 550gmILO. 1987. 138pp. ISBN 92-2-109158-9. 550gm

Training modules written to meet the needs ofsmall to medium scale construction enterprises indeveloping countries. The methodology isdesigned to encourage contractors to participatefully in the learning process through anintegrated programme of study, workedexamples, exercises and simulations. Themodules are designed as a model or a basis forpreparing training material based on theexactneeds of the target group. Each modulecontains a guide providing specific advice for thetrainer on how the modules should be used in thecontext of a comprehensive contractor trainingcourse.

Module 1 provides the basis for a simple butcomprehensive introduction to estimating andtendering. Module 2 describes how a project isplanned by drawing a bar chart, preparingschedules for labour and materials, drawingweekly and monthly programmes and forecastingthe cash needs throughout the project. Module 3shows how productivity affects the financialperformance of the contracting firms. Specificways to improve productivity are described, i.e.better site layout, more effective supervision,measuring the site activity level and reviewingwork methods.Ref. No. 062-003783 (Module 1)Ref. No. 062-003784 (Module 2)Ref. No. 062-003785 (Module 3)

$63.00 (for set of three modules)



Labour-based road contractingdevelopment in Zambia: Trainingcurriculum, trial contract arrangements andtraining assessmentAndreas Beusch

CTP 146. ILO/ASIST. 1996. 65pp. 195gmCTP 146. ILO/ASIST. 1996. 65pp. 195gmCTP 146. ILO/ASIST. 1996. 65pp. 195gmCTP 146. ILO/ASIST. 1996. 65pp. 195gmCTP 146. ILO/ASIST. 1996. 65pp. 195gmProvides a detailed outline of a contractortraining programme in Zambia. Outlines themain principles involved in the planning processof contractor training programmes, from thedefinition of training objectives, training needsanalysis, training inputs and requirements, tothe preparation of training programmes andresources, training implementation andassessment. Though developed for Zambia it canbe used as a guideline for planning contractortraining in other countries.Ref. No. ZMB-039154 POA

Management training for labour-basedroad contractorsClaes-Axel Andersson

Book 1: Pricing and biddingILO. 1997. 70pp. ISBN 92-2-110909-7. 230gmILO. 1997. 70pp. ISBN 92-2-110909-7. 230gmILO. 1997. 70pp. ISBN 92-2-110909-7. 230gmILO. 1997. 70pp. ISBN 92-2-110909-7. 230gmILO. 1997. 70pp. ISBN 92-2-110909-7. 230gm

Book 2: Management and planningILO. 1997. 94pp. ISBN 92-2-110908-9. 265gmILO. 1997. 94pp. ISBN 92-2-110908-9. 265gmILO. 1997. 94pp. ISBN 92-2-110908-9. 265gmILO. 1997. 94pp. ISBN 92-2-110908-9. 265gmILO. 1997. 94pp. ISBN 92-2-110908-9. 265gm

This training material has been prepared as anoutput of a contractor training project executedby the Department of Feeder Roads, Ministry ofRoads and Highways, Ghana, with technicalsupport from ILO and funded by DANIDA. Theproject concerns training development of Ghana’slabour-based roadworks contractors. Thebooklets constitute a course for managers ofsmall- scale road contracting firms and deal withbusiness planning and control.Book One coversthe pricing and bidding process step by step toenable contractors to accurately cost and bid fornew projects. Book Two provides a realistic planto carry out the work and deals with theprinciples and practice of site supervision. Thebooklets contain examples and exercises relatingto typical situations commonly encountered inlabour-based roadworks executed with locallyavailable human and material resources, andprovide practical knowledge directly applicable toeveryday situations of a typical contractor. Thematerial is designed both for classroom use andself study.Ref. No. 062-013785 (Book 1) $8.00Ref. No. 062-013786 (Book 2) $11.00

Road maintenance and regravelling(ROMAR) using labour-based methods:Handbook and WorkbookClaes-Axel Andersson, Andreas Beusch, Derek Miles

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1996.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1996.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1996.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1996.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1996.Handbook: 311pp. ISBN 1-85339-348-7. 265gmHandbook: 311pp. ISBN 1-85339-348-7. 265gmHandbook: 311pp. ISBN 1-85339-348-7. 265gmHandbook: 311pp. ISBN 1-85339-348-7. 265gmHandbook: 311pp. ISBN 1-85339-348-7. 265gm

Workbook: 137pp. ISBN 1-85339-349-5. 545gmWorkbook: 137pp. ISBN 1-85339-349-5. 545gmWorkbook: 137pp. ISBN 1-85339-349-5. 545gmWorkbook: 137pp. ISBN 1-85339-349-5. 545gmWorkbook: 137pp. ISBN 1-85339-349-5. 545gm

The ROMAR handbook and workbook arewritten for managers of small constructionbusinesses and designed to complement theImprove Your Construction Business (IYCB)series (also listed in this catalogue). The ROMARbooks were produced as part of a contractordevelopment programme in Lesotho, inassociation with the Labour Construction Unit ofthe Ministry of Works, assisted by the ILO. Theycover both the technical and managerial aspectsnecessary for a construction business to expandinto road and regravelling activities using labour-based methods. The handbook which covers thetheory is complemented by the workbook, whichincludes practical exercises and worked examplesolutions. The first part of the books provide anintroduction to roads and appropriate roadworkstechnology, the tools and equipment used, andthe organisation of labour-based roadworks. Thesecond part deals with road maintenance,covering the different maintenance systems andmanagement techniques, followed by details ofroutine maintenance and regravelling activities.The final chapters deal with pricing, bidding andmanagement methods.Ref. No. 062-13726 (Handbook) $22.00Ref. No. 062-13727 (Workbook) $17.00

Road maintenance and regravelling(ROMAR) using labour-based methods:Training guidelinesClaes-Axel Andersson and Andreas Beusch

ILO/ASIST. 1997. 266pp. 700gmILO/ASIST. 1997. 266pp. 700gmILO/ASIST. 1997. 266pp. 700gmILO/ASIST. 1997. 266pp. 700gmILO/ASIST. 1997. 266pp. 700gm

These guidelines for training of small-scalecontractors are designed to assist trainers in theplanning, organising and implementing ofroutine road maintenance and regravelling usinglabour-based methods (ROMAR) trainingcourses. The manual provides guidelines on howto link ROMAR, which deals with the technicaland managerial aspects, to the Improve YourConstruction Business (IYCB) training coursewhich deals with the business managementaspects of small-scale road contracting. Theguidelines provide practical advice, checklists,sample exercises, overhead projectortransparencies and reference material.Ref. No. 062-013761 $28.00



Crisis Recovery andReconstruction

The following titles deal with issues related tothe timely and effective response to the decentwork and other socio-economic challenges of thedifferent crises such as armed conflicts, naturaldisasters, financial and economic downturns, andpolitical and social transitions.

Crises and decent work: Acollection of essaysEugenia Date-Bah


This volume brings together a sample oftechnical papers presented at variousconferences and seminars. The issues addressedinclude; the employment and other socio-economic aspects of post-conflict reconstruction;recovery and reconstruction in crisis caused bynatural disasters; crisis prevention; as well as theimportance of tackling decent work concerns asan intergral component of the strategies forpromoting a culture of peace. The publicationalso covers specific and critical concerns likegender and crisis, demobilisation, disarmamentand re-intergration of ex-combatants, and theimportance of capacity building and research forcrisis response and reconstruction work. Thebook also sheds lights on ILO,s role in thissector.Ref. No. 042-098005 POA

Start and improve your constructionBusiness (SIYCB): Contractingentrepreneurial training programme

ILO. 1999. 12 Modules. ISBN 92-2-111498-8 (setILO. 1999. 12 Modules. ISBN 92-2-111498-8 (setILO. 1999. 12 Modules. ISBN 92-2-111498-8 (setILO. 1999. 12 Modules. ISBN 92-2-111498-8 (setILO. 1999. 12 Modules. ISBN 92-2-111498-8 (set)))))3900gm3900gm3900gm3900gm3900gm

This set of modules forms a series of a step-by-step approach to starting and improving yourconstruction business. It consists of twelveseamless, progressive step-by-step modules thatintroduce basic principles of good contractingbusiness management in a simple and practicalway. It also includes one generic managementbusiness game and two contracting businessmanagement games. This set aims to make theemerging contracting businesses more viable. Itwas developed in South Africa.Ref. No. ZAF-034598-034609 POA

Training contractors for results.A guide for trainers and training managersT. Hernes and Derek Miles (Ed.)

ILO.1988.121pp.ILO.1988.121pp.ILO.1988.121pp.ILO.1988.121pp.ILO.1988.121pp. ISBN 92-2-106253-8. 185gISBN 92-2-106253-8. 185gISBN 92-2-106253-8. 185gISBN 92-2-106253-8. 185gISBN 92-2-106253-8. 185g

Gives practical advice on preparing and runninga successful training programme for buildingcontractors. It focuses on the results of learning,measurable in terms of improved performance inquality, time and cost on the construction site.Addressed to trainers and managers of traininginstitutions, and to policy makers.Ref. No. 062-003672 $15.00



Crisis-affected peoples andcountries: ILO, operational activities, mid1997 - March 2001ILO. 2001. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-112276-X. 420gmILO. 2001. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-112276-X. 420gmILO. 2001. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-112276-X. 420gmILO. 2001. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-112276-X. 420gmILO. 2001. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-112276-X. 420gm

This report provides a synopsis of ILO’s technicalassistance programmes and projects in a sampleof countries in different parts of the world. Itcovers the following four main areas: armedconflicts in 19 countries; natural disasters in 9countries and the Central America region;economic and financial downturns in 6 countries;and difficult social movements or politicaltransition in 5 countries and in the central andeastern Europe region. The publication concludeswith a chapter on lessons learned.Ref. No. 042-098006 POA

Employment-intensivereconstruction works in countriesemerging from armed conflictsILO. 2001. 116pp. ISBN 92-2-112402-9. 280gmILO. 2001. 116pp. ISBN 92-2-112402-9. 280gmILO. 2001. 116pp. ISBN 92-2-112402-9. 280gmILO. 2001. 116pp. ISBN 92-2-112402-9. 280gmILO. 2001. 116pp. ISBN 92-2-112402-9. 280gm

The main objective of these guidelines is toprovide a planning and programming tool andadvice for the timely and effective action asregards the following: rehabilitation anddevelopment of the physical, economic, social andinstitutional infrastructure damaged duringarmed conflicts; and re-intergration of conflict-affected groups in this process throughemployment creation applying employment-intensive techniques. The guidelines further aimsto share the experiences gathered from EIIP inpost-conflict situations and to give an overview ofthis process, the stages involved and a basic ideaof the methodologies required.Ref. No. 042-098004 POA

From destruction to reconstruction:The Cambodia experience (1992-1997)using employment intensive methodsMike Shone

ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.47pp. ISBN 92-2-112901-2. 170gm47pp. ISBN 92-2-112901-2. 170gm47pp. ISBN 92-2-112901-2. 170gm47pp. ISBN 92-2-112901-2. 170gm47pp. ISBN 92-2-112901-2. 170gm

This study reviews and assesses the employment-intensive programmes (EIP) experience inCambodia and compares it with the World FoodProgramme’s food for work programme inCambodia; and the UNDP Office of ProjectServices Cambodia Resettlement andReintegration Programme (CARERE). Bothprogrammes also aimed at the reintegration andemployment of war-affected persons inCambodia.The study then goes on to establish aset of guidelines and checklists for thepreparation of EIPs in countries emerging fromarmed conflict, based on hte CambodiaexperienceRef. No. 1AS-043596 POA

From destruction to reconstruction:The Mozambique experience (1981-1997)using employment intensive methodsFione de Vletter

ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.48pp. ISBN 92-2-1129029. 160gm48pp. ISBN 92-2-1129029. 160gm48pp. ISBN 92-2-1129029. 160gm48pp. ISBN 92-2-1129029. 160gm48pp. ISBN 92-2-1129029. 160gm

This study was undertaken to look at whetheremployment-intensive programmes (EIPs) haveserved or could serve as suitable employment/income generating instruments for vulnerablegroups, particlary demobilised soldiers. The studygives a brief overview of the economy of thecountry. This is followed by a breakdown of theemployment and livelihood patterns prevailing inMozambique. It also takes a look at EIPs,examining the positive contributions andobstacles of the approach. The study brieflyreviews various aspects of the reintegrationprogramme designed for vulnerable groups. Thestudy also looks at feeder roads rehabilitation,making a comparison of three differentapproaches found in Mozambique. Lastly, itexamines the issue of institutional capacity andits implications before presenting the conclusionsand recommendationsRef. No. MOZ-031562 POA

From destruction to reconstruction:The Uganda experience (1981-1997)using employment intensive methodsErik Lyby

ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.ILO. Recovery and Reconstruction Department. 2001.33pp. ISBN 92-2-112903-9. 120gm33pp. ISBN 92-2-112903-9. 120gm33pp. ISBN 92-2-112903-9. 120gm33pp. ISBN 92-2-112903-9. 120gm33pp. ISBN 92-2-112903-9. 120gm

This is a case study of Luwero Triangle inUganda, as an area ermeging from armedconflict. It gives some background information onthe history of the country and the effect of theconflict on the infrastructure. The study alsotraces the history of labour-based technology inUganda, particulary it’s application in theSemuto and Masulita projects. The studyconcludes with some recommendations for futureplanning of labour-intensive works interventionsin post conflict situations.Ref. No. UGA-038514 POA

Guidelines for employment andskills training in conflict-affected countriesILO. 1998. 58pp. ISBN 92-2-111035-4. 250gmILO. 1998. 58pp. ISBN 92-2-111035-4. 250gmILO. 1998. 58pp. ISBN 92-2-111035-4. 250gmILO. 1998. 58pp. ISBN 92-2-111035-4. 250gmILO. 1998. 58pp. ISBN 92-2-111035-4. 250gm

This document discusses the requirements foremployment and skills promotion in conflict-affected countries, focusing on how training andemployment programmes should be adapted tothis context.It looks at issues such as the generalframework and other prerequisites for the designand implementation of reintegrationprogrammes; possible constraints; small andmicro businesses and enterpreneurs; and issuesrelated to social security and protection.



The guidelines concluded by highlighting the roleof ILO in thi sector.Ref. No. 042-110002 POA

EnvironmentNatural resource degradation in developingcountries is often directly linked to poverty and isa major constraint to socio-economicdevelopment. Poverty, under- andunemployment, and environmental degradationare interrelated problems calling for anintegrated approach. It is vital that allinfrastructure created and maintained usinglabour-based technology is environmentallysound. The titles listed here provide guidelineson the issues to consider to ensure thatinfrastructure works are carried out in anenvironmentally sound manner and that nounforeseen negative environmental impactsemerge.

EIP environmental guidelines seriesPer Mogstad, Terje Tessem, et al.ILO. 1999.ILO. 1999.ILO. 1999.ILO. 1999.ILO. 1999.

Guide I: Environment, poverty and the use oflocal resources for sustainable development23pp. 100gm23pp. 100gm23pp. 100gm23pp. 100gm23pp. 100gm

Guide II: Project cycle and environmentalassessment24pp. 100gm24pp. 100gm24pp. 100gm24pp. 100gm24pp. 100gm

Guide III: Environmental impacts and ruralaccess25pp. 165gm25pp. 165gm25pp. 165gm25pp. 165gm25pp. 165gm

Guide IV: Low volume roads and theenvironment: A guide to proper design,construction and maintenance. Volume 1 and 2Volume 1: 108pp; 320gm; Volume 2: 59pp. 195gmVolume 1: 108pp; 320gm; Volume 2: 59pp. 195gmVolume 1: 108pp; 320gm; Volume 2: 59pp. 195gmVolume 1: 108pp; 320gm; Volume 2: 59pp. 195gmVolume 1: 108pp; 320gm; Volume 2: 59pp. 195gm

The main objective of these guidelines is toenhance the optimal use of local resources insustainable and environmentally soundinfrastructure development strategies andcommunity-based access programmes. Theypromote a project cycle integratingenvironmental concerns into the identification,design, planning, execution, operation andmaintenance of infrastructure developmentprojects.

Guide I provides a general introduction to thesubject, discussing the relationship betweenenvironment, poverty, employment anddevelopment. Guide II focuses on the projectcycle in relation to environmental assessment.Guide III concentrates on the environmentalaspects of rural access and transport programmeand Guide IV gives practical environmentalguidelines for rural road construction andmaintenance. In addition there are two casestudies from Kenya and Nepal. These guidelinesmay be applied at all levels, from projectidentification, design and planning to execution,and should be integrated into the training ofpolicy makers, planners, technicians and peopleat local level.Ref. No. MIS-009733 – 009737 POA

Roadside bio-engineering: Site handbookJohn Howell

Department of Roads, His Majesty’s Government ofDepartment of Roads, His Majesty’s Government ofDepartment of Roads, His Majesty’s Government ofDepartment of Roads, His Majesty’s Government ofDepartment of Roads, His Majesty’s Government ofNepal; DFID. 1999. 160pp. ISBN 1-86192-170 5.Nepal; DFID. 1999. 160pp. ISBN 1-86192-170 5.Nepal; DFID. 1999. 160pp. ISBN 1-86192-170 5.Nepal; DFID. 1999. 160pp. ISBN 1-86192-170 5.Nepal; DFID. 1999. 160pp. ISBN 1-86192-170 5.485gm485gm485gm485gm485gm

This handbook provides information needed todesign, plan, implement and maintain bio-engineering works on steep slopes, with specificreference to roadside areas. It also covers theestablishment and operation of bio-engineeringnurseries. Bio-engineering is the use of livingplants for engineering purposes.Ref. No. 043-002532 POA



IrrigationThe ILO has promoted and applied the use of localresources for irrigation works for several years.Community participation and labour-basedtechnology have been applied in the constructionand maintenance of irrigation canals and ofenvironmental protection measures. The followingtitles cover the technical, organisational andoperational aspects involved in the utilisation oflocal resources in irrigation works.

Community works and farmers’participation in minor irrigation in TamilNaduK.S. Sharma and Leila Narayanan


Reports on a study which focuses on communityworks involving people’s participation, especiallyfarmers, in the minor irrigation sector in TamilNadu, India. The study examines the presentlevel of, and future potential for, participation offarmers in minor irrigation schemes, in theoperation and maintenance of works, based onfield studies of tanks, an important source ofminor irrigation. Tanks represent a public formof irrigation with considerable communityinterest and responsibility in their maintenanceand use.Ref. No. 1AS-43137 POA

Economic development that lasts:Labour-intensive irrigation projects inNepal and the United Republic of TanzaniaBertin Martens

World Employment Programme, ILO. 1989. 192pp.World Employment Programme, ILO. 1989. 192pp.World Employment Programme, ILO. 1989. 192pp.World Employment Programme, ILO. 1989. 192pp.World Employment Programme, ILO. 1989. 192pp.ISBN 92-2-106400-X. 345gmISBN 92-2-106400-X. 345gmISBN 92-2-106400-X. 345gmISBN 92-2-106400-X. 345gmISBN 92-2-106400-X. 345gm

This book takes the reader to three labour-basedirrigation projects, one in Nepal and two in theUnited Republic of Tanzania. It shows how grass-roots popular participation increases the chancesfor success, and how the use of local resourcesimproves the long-term viability of theinfrastructure. But it also points out howmistakes in design and implementation cangreatly limit the length of time the infrastructurecan be successfully maintained.Ref. No. 040-004092 $18.50

Irrigation: training manuals

Introductory training course in labour-based technology for irrigation supervisorsILO, Phnom Pehn, Cambodia. 1993. 101pp. 165gmILO, Phnom Pehn, Cambodia. 1993. 101pp. 165gmILO, Phnom Pehn, Cambodia. 1993. 101pp. 165gmILO, Phnom Pehn, Cambodia. 1993. 101pp. 165gmILO, Phnom Pehn, Cambodia. 1993. 101pp. 165gm

Provides training material on the technical,environmental, social and economic aspects of

irrigation development with special emphasis onthe use of local materials and labour. Thematerial may need to be modified to suit thespecific requirements of the irrigation schemesselected for implementation. However, it providesbasic guidelines for irrigation supervisors formost situations likely to be encountered.Ref. No. 062-003924 $11.50

Nepal SPWP manual series for povertyalleviation through employment generationin irrigation works programmes for thePeople of the Hills of Nepal

A participatory approach to environmentalprotection measures for hill irrigation schemesin NepalNepal SPWP Manual No. 1. ILO. 1992. 170pp. 330gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 1. ILO. 1992. 170pp. 330gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 1. ILO. 1992. 170pp. 330gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 1. ILO. 1992. 170pp. 330gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 1. ILO. 1992. 170pp. 330gm

This manual provides appropriate measuresusing local resources for slope protection,landslide stabilisation and river-bank protectionworks required for Nepal’s irrigation projects. Itprovides simple and logical guidelines for designand construction techniques in environmentalprojects. The manual is suitable for irrigationengineers and overseers but emphasis is given totechniques that can be continued by thebeneficiaries during the subsequent operationalphase of the canals.Ref. No. 040-004091 POA

Training modules in appropriate design ofsmall-scale hill irrigation structures: Anorientation course for training engineers,irrigation engineers and field overseersNepal SPWP Manual No. 2. ILO. 1996. 290pp. 1580gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 2. ILO. 1996. 290pp. 1580gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 2. ILO. 1996. 290pp. 1580gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 2. ILO. 1996. 290pp. 1580gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 2. ILO. 1996. 290pp. 1580gm

A set of nine training modules designed forirrigation engineers and field overseers who havea broad knowledge of civil engineering practices,but lack the appropriate technical expertiseneeded for the fragile mountain environments ofNepal. The training modules present criteria,standards and guidelines for the selection, designand construction of simple irrigation structuresfor small-scale farmer-managed hill irrigationschemes in remote hilly areas of the Himalayas.The training modules emphasise the need for aparticipatory approach to making design andconstruction choices so that the farmers’knowledge of their environment and building andfarming skills are not neglected.Ref. No. 043-001720 POA

A manual for the formation and management offarmers’ irrigation associations in small-scalehill irrigation schemes in NepalNepal SPWP Manual No. 3. ILO. 1992. 159pp. 335gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 3. ILO. 1992. 159pp. 335gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 3. ILO. 1992. 159pp. 335gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 3. ILO. 1992. 159pp. 335gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 3. ILO. 1992. 159pp. 335gm

Provides a step-by-step participatory process. Ithas been designed to provide the user with the



practical skills in community-based participatorymanagement in hill irrigation and basicprocedures required for planning and supervisingsupport activities for rural developmentendeavours following a genuine participatoryapproach. It is aimed at rural sociologists andassociation organisers working on behalf of bothgovernment agencies and NGOs responsible forthe social organisation and beneficiary training ofuser groups linked to hill irrigation schemes. Itwill also be beneficial to district level engineersand overseers responsible for supervising theimplementation of irrigation investmentprogrammes through Farmers’ IrrigationAssociations at the field level.Ref. No. 040-004142 POA

A video and booklet on improving community-based construction skills for training localcommunity works organisers and village-levelartisansNepal SPWP Manual No. 4. ILO. 1992. 81pp. 170gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 4. ILO. 1992. 81pp. 170gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 4. ILO. 1992. 81pp. 170gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 4. ILO. 1992. 81pp. 170gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 4. ILO. 1992. 81pp. 170gm

The video and booklet is aimed at improving thetechnical, managerial and financial skills ofvillage-level and semi-skilled artisans andentrepreneurs who, as local community-basedworks organisers could be awarded constructioncontracts of unskilled and semi-skilled workunder a “piecework system”. The bookletdescribes the different types of contracts,contract conditions, construction planning,estimating, manpower and cashflowrequirements, pre-bid activities and the prudentuse of expensive imported construction material.The training material is elementary and reflectsthe level of understanding that could be expectedof a common villager from the more remote hillyareas of Nepal. The video illustrates the correctconstruction techniques and construction qualityappropriate for difficult and remote constructionsites typical of small-scale farmer-managed hillirrigation projects.Ref. No. 062-013639 POA

A manual for the monitoring and evaluation ofcommunity-based irrigation in the hills of NepalNepal SPWP Manual No. 5. ILO. 1995. 112pp. 210gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 5. ILO. 1995. 112pp. 210gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 5. ILO. 1995. 112pp. 210gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 5. ILO. 1995. 112pp. 210gmNepal SPWP Manual No. 5. ILO. 1995. 112pp. 210gm

Presents a set of guidelines for monitoring andevaluation (M & E) of rural development workswith special focus on irrigation development. Theguidelines cover several disciplines and providean introduction to the basics of M & E, includingconcepts, terminology and objects,methodological considerations, the role of bias,and the identification of target groups. Themanual also deals with a practical prerequisitefor M & E, viz. the logical framework approach toplanning, and links this with the concept of theproject cycle. It finally deals with M & E outputs,effects and impacts.Ref. No. 040-004143 POA

Labour and employmentFor labour-based methods to be effective andsustainable it is essential that the workforce isproductive and reliable. However, for themethods to benefit the country as a whole it isalso necessary that the workforce is fairly treatedand adequately paid. In all ILO’s experience todate with labour-based programmes it has beenclearly demonstrated that good labourmanagement procedures and fair conditions haveensured success. The following titles focus onissues and policy concerning labour andemployment, particularly as it relates to projectsand programmes specifically developed to createemployment and alleviate poverty.

A guide on food for assets (FASE)Draft Working Document. World Food ProgrammeDraft Working Document. World Food ProgrammeDraft Working Document. World Food ProgrammeDraft Working Document. World Food ProgrammeDraft Working Document. World Food Programme(WFP); ILO. June 1999. Guide: 47pp. 275gm; Leaflets:(WFP); ILO. June 1999. Guide: 47pp. 275gm; Leaflets:(WFP); ILO. June 1999. Guide: 47pp. 275gm; Leaflets:(WFP); ILO. June 1999. Guide: 47pp. 275gm; Leaflets:(WFP); ILO. June 1999. Guide: 47pp. 275gm; Leaflets:46pp. 110gm46pp. 110gm46pp. 110gm46pp. 110gm46pp. 110gm

This draft working document produced by theWFP together with ILO, though still underdevelopment, provides useful guidelines on howfood maybe used in exchange for work in foodinsecure areas. The guide comes with sixcomplementary leaflets that provide basicguidance on a number of subjects related to theplanning and implementation of FASE activities.They are meant to assist those in the fieldresponsible for organising and supervising theseactivities.Ref. No. 003-014141 (Guide) $6.50Ref. No. 003-014148 (Leaflets) $6.50

An opportunity for employmentcreation, labour-based technology in road-works: The macro-economic dimensionGary Taylor and Moses Bekabye.

SEPT No. 5. ILO/DANIDA. June 1999.SEPT No. 5. ILO/DANIDA. June 1999.SEPT No. 5. ILO/DANIDA. June 1999.SEPT No. 5. ILO/DANIDA. June 1999.SEPT No. 5. ILO/DANIDA. June 1999.ISBN 92-2-111827-4. 69pp. 225gmISBN 92-2-111827-4. 69pp. 225gmISBN 92-2-111827-4. 69pp. 225gmISBN 92-2-111827-4. 69pp. 225gmISBN 92-2-111827-4. 69pp. 225gm

This report is based on a study carried out inUganda to evaluate the potential of usingemployment-intensive technology in therehabilitation of feeder roads as a means ofbuilding infrastructure while at the same timegenerating employment and combating poverty.The study concentrates on the economic aspectsrather than technical ones. The study confirmsthe hypothesis that labour-based approaches areviable and offer high employment potential, aswell as greater indirect benefits to the nationaleconomy than conventional equipment-basedtechnology. The main conclusions indicate that aswitch towards more labour-based methods couldgenerate very significant benefits for the poor inthe form of employment opportunities, and forthe country in terms of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and foreign exchange savings. Thiscomparative study between labour-based and



equipment-based methods for rural feeder roadimprovement would be useful to those involved inthe policy formulation process regardingemployment generation through infrastructuredevelopment.Ref. No. UGA-038229 POA

Decent working conditions in labour-based programmes: A hands-ondevelopment strategyILO. 2000. 15pp. 90gmILO. 2000. 15pp. 90gmILO. 2000. 15pp. 90gmILO. 2000. 15pp. 90gmILO. 2000. 15pp. 90gm

A short booklet outlining the benefits ofemployment-intensive infrastructure approach inthe construction sector and stresses theimportance of ensuring good working conditionswhich ensures high quality outputs and amotivated, productive workforce.Ref. No. 003-014175 POA

Employment for poverty reduction andfood securityJoachim von Braun (ed.)

International Food Policy Research Institute.International Food Policy Research Institute.International Food Policy Research Institute.International Food Policy Research Institute.International Food Policy Research Institute.Washington, DC. USA. 1995. 322pp. Washington, DC. USA. 1995. 322pp. Washington, DC. USA. 1995. 322pp. Washington, DC. USA. 1995. 322pp. Washington, DC. USA. 1995. 322pp. ISBN 0-89629-ISBN 0-89629-ISBN 0-89629-ISBN 0-89629-ISBN 0-89629-ISBN 0-89629-332-7. 470gmISBN 0-89629-332-7. 470gmISBN 0-89629-332-7. 470gmISBN 0-89629-332-7. 470gmISBN 0-89629-332-7. 470gm

A compilation of articles analysing employmentpolicies and programmes in terms of theirpotential for addressing the problems of povertyand economic growth, drawing on experiencesfrom different regions and countries. Issuescovered range from policy and programmedesign, operational aspects and effectivenessissues to political-economy considerations,participation, and sustainability issues, as well asintra-household effects. Case studies of labour-based infrastructure programmes and policiesand food-for-work programmes from Africa, Asiaand Latin America are analysed. Concludes witha synthesis of the findings and the lessons theyoffer for the formulation of future policy. Avaluable text for policy makers and programmedesigners, planners and implementors.Ref. No. 003-014020 POA

Employment generation for povertyreduction in Sub-Saharan AfricaTerje Tessem and Marc van Imschoot

ILO/SAMAT. October 1996. 23pp. 135gmILO/SAMAT. October 1996. 23pp. 135gmILO/SAMAT. October 1996. 23pp. 135gmILO/SAMAT. October 1996. 23pp. 135gmILO/SAMAT. October 1996. 23pp. 135gm

Employment-intensive works in infrastructureinvestment policies are an important means ofemployment generation and poverty alleviationin Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper describesdifferent types of employment-intensiveprogrammes being implemented in Sub-SaharanAfrica, the benefits, issues to be considered in thedesign and implementation of these programmes,and the problems faced. Proposes a strategy forthe future development of infrastructureinvestment programmes to enhance employmentgeneration and poverty reduction, while at the

same time responding to the demand for costeffective creation of productive, economic andsocial infrastructure.Ref. No. 1AF-042163 $4.00

Employment-intensive infrastructureprogrammes: Labour policies andpracticesDavid Tajgman and Jan de Veen

ILO. 1998. 250pp. ISBN 92-2-111034-6. Guide: 810gm;ILO. 1998. 250pp. ISBN 92-2-111034-6. Guide: 810gm;ILO. 1998. 250pp. ISBN 92-2-111034-6. Guide: 810gm;ILO. 1998. 250pp. ISBN 92-2-111034-6. Guide: 810gm;ILO. 1998. 250pp. ISBN 92-2-111034-6. Guide: 810gm;Leaflets: 320gm (Also available in French andLeaflets: 320gm (Also available in French andLeaflets: 320gm (Also available in French andLeaflets: 320gm (Also available in French andLeaflets: 320gm (Also available in French andSpanish)Spanish)Spanish)Spanish)Spanish)

This guide discusses how employment-intensiveor labour-based approaches for infrastructureworks have become an important way of creatingproductive income generating jobs in manydeveloping countries. It presents the currentexperience on how labour issues are being dealtwith in the context of employment- intensiveinfrastructure programmes and gives guidanceon how progress on standards and workingconditions can be made with the involvement ofthe social partners. Separate sections containadvice for the government ministries responsiblefor civil works, labour and employment, workers’organisations and employers’ organisations. Also available are a set of 13 leaflets entitled“Good labour policies and practices inemployment-intensive programmes: Quickoverviews from the guide”. Each leaflethighlights one of the key issues for considerationon the various labour managementaspectscovered in the guide. (The leaflets are onlyavailable in English).Ref. No. 003-014111 (Guide) $25.00Ref. No. 003-014174 (Leaflets) POA



Of nets and assets: Effects and impactsof employment-intensive programmes: Areview of ILO experienceWillem Keddeman

SETP No. 1. ILO. 1998. 51pp. ISBN 92-2-111139-3.SETP No. 1. ILO. 1998. 51pp. ISBN 92-2-111139-3.SETP No. 1. ILO. 1998. 51pp. ISBN 92-2-111139-3.SETP No. 1. ILO. 1998. 51pp. ISBN 92-2-111139-3.SETP No. 1. ILO. 1998. 51pp. ISBN 92-2-111139-3.160gm160gm160gm160gm160gm

Since the mid 1970’s, the ILO has beenpromoting employment-intensive public andcommunity works programmes as a major meansof job creation and poverty alleviation indeveloping countries. Over the years and withinthe framework of such programmes, variousstudies have been conducted to investigate thesocio-economic impact of different types ofinterventions. This paper presents the findings ofa systematic review to appraise the impactassessment methodologies applied in conductingthese socio-economic impact studies and to drawsome general conclusion about immediate, long-term and durable effects of project activities. Thereview concludes with recommendations withrespect to the methodology for impactassessments, and that assets and benefitsproduced with labour-based methods may bemore easily sustainable than those produced withmore traditional methods but the long-termimpact on poverty alleviation needs to be morefully documented.Ref. No. 003-014114 POA

Policy advice and informationdissemination to member states on theemployment-intensive works programme.Seminar report and papers presented,Harare, 19 – 21 September 1995ILO/SAMAT. October 1995. Report: 64pp. 200gm;ILO/SAMAT. October 1995. Report: 64pp. 200gm;ILO/SAMAT. October 1995. Report: 64pp. 200gm;ILO/SAMAT. October 1995. Report: 64pp. 200gm;ILO/SAMAT. October 1995. Report: 64pp. 200gm;Papers: 194pp. 320gmPapers: 194pp. 320gmPapers: 194pp. 320gmPapers: 194pp. 320gmPapers: 194pp. 320gm

A set of two volumes; Volume One containing asummary of the proceedings and discussion, andVolume Two the full text of the papers presentedat a seminar organised by the ILO’s SouthernAfrica Multi-Disciplinary Advisory Team(SAMAT) in Harare on employment-intensiveworks programmes. The three subjects of theseminar were: (i) technology choice - man ormachine, including case studies and costcomparisons of road projects in Lesotho andZimbabwe, (ii) community-based works andpopular participation - highlighting issues inemployment generation, remuneration andcommunity contracts with case studies fromBotswana and Zimbabwe and, (iii) labourstandards in relation to employment intensiveworks and creation of sustainable productiveemployment.Ref. No. 003-014025 (Report) $8.00Ref. No. 003-014026 (Papers) $21.00

Engineering in emergencies: A practicalguide for relief workersJan Davis and Robert

Lambert IT Publications on behalf of RedR. 1999.Lambert IT Publications on behalf of RedR. 1999.Lambert IT Publications on behalf of RedR. 1999.Lambert IT Publications on behalf of RedR. 1999.Lambert IT Publications on behalf of RedR. 1999.ISBN 1-85339-222-7. 735pp. 920gmISBN 1-85339-222-7. 735pp. 920gmISBN 1-85339-222-7. 735pp. 920gmISBN 1-85339-222-7. 735pp. 920gmISBN 1-85339-222-7. 735pp. 920gm

This practical book draws on the experience of awide range of relief workers. It covers both“hard” topics, including the provision of water,sanitation, and shelter, and “softer” issues, suchas the needs of refugees, managerial skills, andpersonal effectiveness. It has a particularly usefulsection on the labour management issues inemergency conditions.Ref. No. MIS-009726 $30.00

Guide to the assessment of rurallabour supply for labour-based construc-tion projectsK. G. Vaidya

CTP 21. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1993.CTP 21. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1993.CTP 21. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1993.CTP 21. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1993.CTP 21. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1993.102pp. 310gm102pp. 310gm102pp. 310gm102pp. 310gm102pp. 310gm

A guide for the use of planners and engineersinvolved in the setting up and running of labour-based civil construction programmes or projects.It describes how to estimate labour supply, andrelated issues such as the economics of rurallabour markets, wages rates, shadow pricing andthe influence of project employment on the localeconomy in the rural areas concerned.Ref. No. 043-000026 $11.50

Introduction to special public worksprogrammesP. Garnier


Provides an introduction to the main stages ofthe planning, design, organisation,implementation, administration and financing ofspecial labour-intensive public worksprogrammes. Also has sections containing

the socio-economic evaluation of suchprogrammes.Ref. No. 043-001209 $18.00

Employment-intensive investment ininfrastructure: Jobs to build societyILO/EIIP. 2000. ISBN 92-2-11831-2. 84pp. 365gmILO/EIIP. 2000. ISBN 92-2-11831-2. 84pp. 365gmILO/EIIP. 2000. ISBN 92-2-11831-2. 84pp. 365gmILO/EIIP. 2000. ISBN 92-2-11831-2. 84pp. 365gmILO/EIIP. 2000. ISBN 92-2-11831-2. 84pp. 365gm(Also available in French)(Also available in French)(Also available in French)(Also available in French)(Also available in French)

This is an information paper presenting theILO’s Employment-Intensive InvestmentProgramme (EIIP) which has been promotingemployment-intensive policies and practices forinfrastructure through both public and privatesectors in developing countries. The paperpresents the strategy which aims at intensifyingthe fight against poverty and contributing to therehabilitation and reconstruction efforts whichare called for in unfortunately too widespreadand growing crises situations due to conflict,natural disaster or acute economic disruptions.Ref. No. 003-014169 POA



Rapid assessment of poverty impacts(RAPI): Elaboration of a rapid surveymethod of assessing the poverty reductionimpacts of pilot employment intensiveprojectsLuara Murpy

SEPT No. 2. ILO. 1998. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-111140-7.SEPT No. 2. ILO. 1998. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-111140-7.SEPT No. 2. ILO. 1998. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-111140-7.SEPT No. 2. ILO. 1998. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-111140-7.SEPT No. 2. ILO. 1998. 100pp. ISBN 92-2-111140-7.330gm330gm330gm330gm330gm

This document describes the proposed “rapidassessment of poverty impact” (RAPI) method,and discusses issues that arise in using themethod for assessing rural road projects. It notesspecial issues that arise in adapting the methodto an Ethiopian road project. The documentindicates how to adapt the method to otherprojects. This paper is not a manual but rather adescription of a general method which will haveto be adapted in accordance with the type ofproject and local circumstances.Ref. No. 003-014115 POA

Self-help for road construction: When itapplies — How it can be encouraged andsupported: Experience in Flores, EastIndonesia and other countriesPeter Winkelman

Technical Report 2. INTERCOOPERATION SwissTechnical Report 2. INTERCOOPERATION SwissTechnical Report 2. INTERCOOPERATION SwissTechnical Report 2. INTERCOOPERATION SwissTechnical Report 2. INTERCOOPERATION SwissOrganisation for Development and Cooperation. 1999.Organisation for Development and Cooperation. 1999.Organisation for Development and Cooperation. 1999.Organisation for Development and Cooperation. 1999.Organisation for Development and Cooperation. 1999.109pp. ISBN 3-906494-13-6. 465gm109pp. ISBN 3-906494-13-6. 465gm109pp. ISBN 3-906494-13-6. 465gm109pp. ISBN 3-906494-13-6. 465gm109pp. ISBN 3-906494-13-6. 465gm

Based on field experience in Flores, EasternIndonesia and a number of other countries, thisstudy looks into various aspects of self-helpinitiatives in road construction: preconditions,supporting measures, sustainability, costs andpotential. It describes and discusses the resultsobtained through the provision of minimumtraining and technical support to communities’traditional self-help efforts in building villageroads and motorable tracks. Country levelexamples from Nepal, Ghana, Tanzania andLesotho present interesting experience,confirming and complementing observationsmade in Indonesia, putting the Flores case in awider perspective. It concludes with some of thefactors necessary if self-help initiatives are to besuccessful, as well as other important factors toensure the sustainability of self-help schemes.Ref. No. MIS-009697 POA

Supplement to the labour supply guide:Wage rates on labour-based constructionproject in the presence of high rates of inflationand overvalued exchange ratesK. G. Vaidya


This supplement to the labour supply guide (CTP21) listed ealier examines the problems of highrates of inflation, overvalued local currencies and

Productive employment for the poorJacques Gaude and Steven Miller (Eds.)

International Labour Review. Special issue. VolumeInternational Labour Review. Special issue. VolumeInternational Labour Review. Special issue. VolumeInternational Labour Review. Special issue. VolumeInternational Labour Review. Special issue. Volume131. Number 1. ILO. 1992. 142pp.131. Number 1. ILO. 1992. 142pp.131. Number 1. ILO. 1992. 142pp.131. Number 1. ILO. 1992. 142pp.131. Number 1. ILO. 1992. 142pp.ISSN 0020-7780. 215gm (Also available in French)ISSN 0020-7780. 215gm (Also available in French)ISSN 0020-7780. 215gm (Also available in French)ISSN 0020-7780. 215gm (Also available in French)ISSN 0020-7780. 215gm (Also available in French)

A special issue of the International LabourReview focusing on one of the major themes ofILO technical cooperation during the pastdecade: employment creation throughinfrastructural investments. The articles coverdevelopments as regards labour-basedinfrastructure programmes, local resourceutilisation, institutional issues, technical andsocio-economic aspects. Article titles include:Employment creation and poverty alleviationthrough labour-intensive public works in leastdeveloped countries; Labour-intensive publicworks for food security in Africa: Past experienceand future potential; Social investment funds andeconomic restructuring in Latin America; Ruralorganisations and infrastructure projects: Socialinvestment comes before material investments;Fighting poverty by promoting employment andsocio-economic rights at the grass-roots level;Remuneration systems for labour-intensiveinvestments: Lessons for equity and growth; Alabour-based approach to roads and ruraltransport in developing countries; Employmentand environmental rehabilitation in the Sahel;Water as a source of employment.Ref. No. 043-000635 POA

Productivity norms for labour-basedconstructionDavid Stiedl, Ulf Brudefors, Mike Shone

Technical Brief No. 2. ILO/ASIST. 1998. 41pp. 160gmTechnical Brief No. 2. ILO/ASIST. 1998. 41pp. 160gmTechnical Brief No. 2. ILO/ASIST. 1998. 41pp. 160gmTechnical Brief No. 2. ILO/ASIST. 1998. 41pp. 160gmTechnical Brief No. 2. ILO/ASIST. 1998. 41pp. 160gm

This guideline is targeted at professional staff,either engineers or technicians, who haveexperience of road construction and maintenanceactivities and some exposure to the concepts andapplication of labour-based technology.

The first section deals with definitions, inwhich the various activities relating toconstruction are clearly defined. The secondsection summarises the productivity norms thathave been reported from many projects in Africaand Asia. The third section gives guidance on thefactors that can affect productivity and howproductivity can be improved. It also gives adviceon procedures for the setting, measuring andmonitoring of activities so that project specificnorms can be refined.Ref. No. MIS-009634 $5.50



the decline in the real value of public sector wages,which make recruitment of a productive labourforce and economic evaluation of labour-basedprojects difficult. Provides a checklist of tasks to becarried out in exploring the possible solutions.Ref. No. 043-000075 $8.50

The window of opportunity: Strategiesfor enhancing women’s participation intechnical co-operation projectsILO. 1991. 34pp. ISBN 92-2-108053-6. 90gmILO. 1991. 34pp. ISBN 92-2-108053-6. 90gmILO. 1991. 34pp. ISBN 92-2-108053-6. 90gmILO. 1991. 34pp. ISBN 92-2-108053-6. 90gmILO. 1991. 34pp. ISBN 92-2-108053-6. 90gm

Targeted towards those involved in developmentproject planning and implementation. Examinesfactors to consider when planning, monitoring andevaluating different types of projects to ensure thatwomen are fully integrated into developmentinitiatives.Ref. No. 002-014510 $5.00

Project planning andevaluation

Good planning and project preparation areessential prerequisites to successful projectimplementation. The following titles are usefulplanning, monitoring, and evaluation guidelinesand manuals.

Design, monitoring and evaluation oftechnical cooperation programmes andprojects: A training manualBureau of Programming and Management, EvaluationUnit


A manual developed as a training and referenceguide on the procedures developed by the ILO forthe design, monitoring and evaluation proceduresfor technical cooperation programmes andprojects. The procedures are largely based on themain components of the Logical FrameworkApproach (LFA) which is described in thepublication listed below, but incorporates somerelevant elements on participatory approachesparticularly as they relate to the involvement ofbeneficiaries in the various stages of theprogramming cycle.Ref. No. 062-013627 $16.50

Evaluation of development assistance.Handbook for evaluators and managersNorwegian Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo,Norwegian Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo,Norwegian Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo,Norwegian Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo,Norwegian Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo,Norway. 1993. 123pp. 250gmNorway. 1993. 123pp. 250gmNorway. 1993. 123pp. 250gmNorway. 1993. 123pp. 250gmNorway. 1993. 123pp. 250gm

Provides an introduction to the methodology ofmonitoring and evaluation in developmentassistance. It is structured around threedimensions: the goal hierarchy which builds onthe Logical Framework Approach (LFA), a

general evaluation, and a set of development orcrosscutting issues. Provides instruction in howto carry out evaluation, project appraisal andreporting, as well as indicating how the results ofsuch work can contribute to the administrationof aid.Ref. No. 080-016065 POA

Managing for a change: How to runcommunity development projectsAnthony Davies

Intermediate Technology Publications;Intermediate Technology Publications;Intermediate Technology Publications;Intermediate Technology Publications;Intermediate Technology Publications;Voluntary Service Overseas. 1997. 175pp.Voluntary Service Overseas. 1997. 175pp.Voluntary Service Overseas. 1997. 175pp.Voluntary Service Overseas. 1997. 175pp.Voluntary Service Overseas. 1997. 175pp.ISBN 1-85339-399-1. 360gmISBN 1-85339-399-1. 360gmISBN 1-85339-399-1. 360gmISBN 1-85339-399-1. 360gmISBN 1-85339-399-1. 360gm

This book provides development workers andcommunity groups with an insight intodevelopment project planning and management.It gives step-by-step guidance through the stagesfrom project identification to post-projectactivities. The topics covered include problemidentification and cost estimating, projectfunding, basic book-keeping and records, projectsupervision, execution and post-projectmanagement.Ref. No. MIS-009550 $16.00

Standardised procedures for the presentation of work plansSpecial Public Works Programmes (SPWP), ILO.Special Public Works Programmes (SPWP), ILO.Special Public Works Programmes (SPWP), ILO.Special Public Works Programmes (SPWP), ILO.Special Public Works Programmes (SPWP), ILO.1990. 109pp. ISBN 92-2-106462-X. 375gm1990. 109pp. ISBN 92-2-106462-X. 375gm1990. 109pp. ISBN 92-2-106462-X. 375gm1990. 109pp. ISBN 92-2-106462-X. 375gm1990. 109pp. ISBN 92-2-106462-X. 375gm

A manual to simplify and standardise thepreparation of work plans for rural and urbanlabour-intensive special public worksprogrammes (SPWP). Particularly aimed atgovernment projects receiving technicalassistance from ILO. The manual will also behelpful to ILO field projects and donors financingILO-sponsored labour intensive special publicworks programmes, who need to fulfil certainconditions laid down by the ILO.Ref. No. 062-003658 $13.00

Taking risks: Background papersUNCDF; UNDP. 1993. 203pp. 400gmUNCDF; UNDP. 1993. 203pp. 400gmUNCDF; UNDP. 1993. 203pp. 400gmUNCDF; UNDP. 1993. 203pp. 400gmUNCDF; UNDP. 1993. 203pp. 400gm

This collection of working papers provide acompanion volume to the 1999 UNCDF PolicyPaper “Taking Risks”. They are prepared by staffintimately involved in UNCDF’s eco-developmentand local governance projects in ‘a variety ofcountries and circumstances, drawing exclusivelyon the field experiences that have shapedUNCDF’s current policies and operations. Issuesaddressed include supporting rural localgovernments in practice, decentraliseddevelopment planning, decentralised financing,participatory eco-development, policy andinstitutional analysis and programmingstrategies. Guidelines are provided on assessingthe potential benefits of decentralisation fromthe perspective of efficiency and governance. The



papers provide a diverse and in depthcommentary on the daily challenges andcontradictions faced in trying to turn new projectmodels into viable field programmes.Ref. No. 083-046181 POA

The community planning handbook: Howpeople can shape their cities, towns andvillages in any part of the worldNick Wates and Jeremy Brook

Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. 2000. 230pp.Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. 2000. 230pp.Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. 2000. 230pp.Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. 2000. 230pp.Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. 2000. 230pp.ISBN 1-85383-654-0. 445gmISBN 1-85383-654-0. 445gmISBN 1-85383-654-0. 445gmISBN 1-85383-654-0. 445gmISBN 1-85383-654-0. 445gm

Growing numbers of residents are gettinginvolved with professionals in shaping their localenvironment. This handbook is a valuablestarting point for all those involved – plannersand local authorities, architects and otherpractitioners, community workers, students andlocal residents. It features an accessible how-to-do style, best practice information on effectivemethods, and international scope and relevance.Tips, checklists and sample documents helpreaders to get started quickly, learn from others’experience and to select the approach best suitedto their situation. The glossary and bibliographyand contact details provide quick access tofurther information and support.Ref. No. MIS-049028 $21.00

The logical framework approach (LFA).Handbook for objectives-oriented projectplanningNorwegian Agency for Development Co-operationNorwegian Agency for Development Co-operationNorwegian Agency for Development Co-operationNorwegian Agency for Development Co-operationNorwegian Agency for Development Co-operation(NORAD). 3rd edition. July 1996. 107pp.(NORAD). 3rd edition. July 1996. 107pp.(NORAD). 3rd edition. July 1996. 107pp.(NORAD). 3rd edition. July 1996. 107pp.(NORAD). 3rd edition. July 1996. 107pp.ISBN 82-7548-160-0. 195gmISBN 82-7548-160-0. 195gmISBN 82-7548-160-0. 195gmISBN 82-7548-160-0. 195gmISBN 82-7548-160-0. 195gm

Describes the use of the logical frameworkapproach, an analytical tool for objectives-oriented project planning and management. The“logical framework” approach emphasises thelinks between the main components of a coherentprogramme or project design, such as identifyinga problem, defining a strategy, stating objects,describing key outputs and activities, assessingexternal factors and establishing preconditions.The handbook includes guidelines on how toapply it.Ref. No. 080-016064 POA

ZOPP: An introduction to the method

ZOPP flip charts: Training materials forZOPP moderatorsDeutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeDeutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeDeutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeDeutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeDeutsche Gesellschaft für TechnischeZusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmBH. March 1987. Booklet:Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmBH. March 1987. Booklet:Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmBH. March 1987. Booklet:Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmBH. March 1987. Booklet:Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmBH. March 1987. Booklet:36pp. 180gm; Flipcharts: 26pp. 150gm36pp. 180gm; Flipcharts: 26pp. 150gm36pp. 180gm; Flipcharts: 26pp. 150gm36pp. 180gm; Flipcharts: 26pp. 150gm36pp. 180gm; Flipcharts: 26pp. 150gm

These two booklets provide an introduction tothe ZOPP methodology, i.e. objectives-orientedproject planning, developed by GTZ. Can be usedas a handbook to study the method, though

participation in a ZOPP basic training course isrecommended. The flip charts provide a series ofcharts for trainers.Ref. No. 062-003674 (Introduction) $4.50Ref. No. 062-003675 (Charts) $3.00

Road construction andmaintenance: general

Labour-based technologies for road constructionand maintenance have been developed andsuccessfully applied for many years. Thefollowing publications cover the organisation,technical and operation issues involved in the useof this technology for roadwork activities,drawing on the experiences of many differentprojects and programmes. Some of thepublications are not specifically labour-based butaddress the basic engineering issues which mustnot be overlooked whatever technology isadopted.

Foundations for change: Aspects ofthe construction industry in developingcountriesG.A. Edmonds; D. W. J. Miles

IT Publications; ILO. 1984. 143pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1984. 143pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1984. 143pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1984. 143pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1984. 143pp.ISBN 0-946688-00-1. 325gmISBN 0-946688-00-1. 325gmISBN 0-946688-00-1. 325gmISBN 0-946688-00-1. 325gmISBN 0-946688-00-1. 325gm

A study of the problems facing the constructionindustry in developing countries. It is based oncase studies from Ghana and Sri Lanka. Thebook demonstrates that the industry has verydifferent needs and characteristics from thosethat apply in industrialised countries.Constraints upon progress can be traced to theimposition of a framework that effectively limitsthe growth of the indigenous sector. Theeconomic and institutional framework areanalysed in detail and a set of recommendationsare put forward to enable the development of anindigenous construction industry. Criteria arepresented for the creation of a ContractorDevelopment Agency (CDA) that conditions,improved payment procedures and ensuring fair,consistent and effective quality control. The CDAwould also be involved in supporting contractortraining, financial assistance, work promotion,physical support (plant hire arrangements etc)and promoting a corporate approach to problemsolving.Ref. No. 043-000524 $13.00

Highway and traffic engineering indeveloping countriesBent Thagesen (ed)

E&FN Spon. 1996. 485pp. ISBN 0-419-20530-6.E&FN Spon. 1996. 485pp. ISBN 0-419-20530-6.E&FN Spon. 1996. 485pp. ISBN 0-419-20530-6.E&FN Spon. 1996. 485pp. ISBN 0-419-20530-6.E&FN Spon. 1996. 485pp. ISBN 0-419-20530-6. 830gm 830gm 830gm 830gm 830gm

This textbook provides a comprehensive accountof the wide range of both technical and non-



technical problems that may confront roadengineers working in the developing world.Designed primarily for civil engineering students,it also offers a broader view of the subject forpractising engineers. The sections on economicevaluation, development assistance andinstitutional issues are particularly useful. Thetext follows a logical progression of planning,design, construction, maintenance andmanagement of roads and traffic, illustrated withdetailed engineering methods, but in the contextof an appropriate engineering response to theneeds and resources of low income countries.Ref. No. 043-000193 $68.00

Labour-based road construction. A state ofthe art reviewPaul Larcher (Ed)

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1998. 144 pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1998. 144 pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1998. 144 pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1998. 144 pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1998. 144 pp.ISBN 1-855339-416-5. 255gmISBN 1-855339-416-5. 255gmISBN 1-855339-416-5. 255gmISBN 1-855339-416-5. 255gmISBN 1-855339-416-5. 255gm

A compilation of twelve papers by labour-basedroadworks and contractor development expertsselected from a competition organised by theManagement of Appropriate Roads Technology(MART) initiative to generate information onrecent developments in labour-based roadworkshandtools, intermediate equipment, privatesector development and institution building.Ref. No. 043-002380 $19.00

Manual on planning of labour-intensiveroad constructionM. Allal, G. A. Edmonds and A. S. Bhalla

ILO. 1977. 261pp. ISBN 92-2-101543-2. 400gm (AlsoILO. 1977. 261pp. ISBN 92-2-101543-2. 400gm (AlsoILO. 1977. 261pp. ISBN 92-2-101543-2. 400gm (AlsoILO. 1977. 261pp. ISBN 92-2-101543-2. 400gm (AlsoILO. 1977. 261pp. ISBN 92-2-101543-2. 400gm (Alsoavailable in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)

This manual is aimed at people who are engagedin the planning, implementation, evaluation anddesign of road construction projects. Provides abasis for the incorporation of the assessment ofalternative technologies and a means ofevaluating them. Has chapters on road planning,design, productivity, labour-intensive techniques,cost-benefit analysis, and organisation andmanagement of labour-intensive techniques.Ref. No. 043-000322 $34.00

Material selection and qualityassurance for labour-based unsealed roadprojectsDr. Philip Paige-Green

Technical Brief No. 9. ILO/ASIST. March 1998. 53pp.Technical Brief No. 9. ILO/ASIST. March 1998. 53pp.Technical Brief No. 9. ILO/ASIST. March 1998. 53pp.Technical Brief No. 9. ILO/ASIST. March 1998. 53pp.Technical Brief No. 9. ILO/ASIST. March 1998. 53pp.155gm155gm155gm155gm155gm

The application of labour-based constructiontechniques to unsealed roads is beneficial in thatit creates employment opportunities and assistswith the development of small contractors whilstupgrading the transportation network indeveloping countries. Improvement in thetechniques utilised during this type of

construction will result in greater cost-effectiveness and better performance of thecompleted product.

The main part of this brief discusses the issuesto be considered in making decisions about therecommended type of borrow material and howto test it. It also covers construction qualityassurance testing. A set of practical guidelines isappended as a stand-alone annex. This describesa step-by-step method of evaluating borrowmaterials for use as the wearing course in labour-based unsealed roads, and for ensuring that thequality of the construction is appropriate.Ref. No. 043-002402 $7.00

Overseas road note 6: A guide togeometric designOverseas Unit, Transport and Road ResearchOverseas Unit, Transport and Road ResearchOverseas Unit, Transport and Road ResearchOverseas Unit, Transport and Road ResearchOverseas Unit, Transport and Road ResearchLaboratory. 1988. 29pp. ISBN 0951-8787. 150gmLaboratory. 1988. 29pp. ISBN 0951-8787. 150gmLaboratory. 1988. 29pp. ISBN 0951-8787. 150gmLaboratory. 1988. 29pp. ISBN 0951-8787. 150gmLaboratory. 1988. 29pp. ISBN 0951-8787. 150gm

This note gives guidance on geometric design andthe setting of geometric design standards forsingle carriageway rural roads in developingcountries. It is aimed at government officials whoare responsible for formulating policy ongeometric design and at engineers who areresponsible for preparing road designs. It willalso be of interest to personnel in aid agenciesand consultancies who are responsible for thepreparation and design of road projects. Manycountries will have existing standards differentfrom those described in this guide, but thisshould provide the opportunity for a reviewwhere there are severe investment restraints,particularly for low traffic roads, where the guideprovides opportunities for real cost savings.Ref. No 043-002086 $15.00

Rating unsurfaced roads: A field manual for measuring maintenance problemsSpecial Report 87R.A. Eaton, S. Gerard and D.W. Cate

US Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. 35pp. 140gm.US Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. 35pp. 140gm.US Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. 35pp. 140gm.US Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. 35pp. 140gm.US Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. 35pp. 140gm.

This manual describes a method that can helplocal highway agencies manage their unsurfacedand gravel roads. The system is designed to workwith a computerized pavement managementsystem but can be used without a computer. Themanual presents a simple inspection systemwhich identifies and measures seven kinds ofcarriageway problems (or amount of distress),improper cross section, inadequate roadsidedrainage, corrugations, dust, potholes, ruts, andloose aggregate. These measurements are thencombined to calculate an unsurfaced roadcondition index to compare road conditions andprioritise maintenance interventions. Themethod does not evaluate the cost ofinterventions, and the index would need to becalibrated for particular terrains and climates.



However the inspection stem is simple and welldescribed.Ref. No. 043-001775 POA

Re-opening Mozambique: Lessonslearned from the feeder roads programme.Feeder Roads Programme (FRP), Mozambique. 2001.Feeder Roads Programme (FRP), Mozambique. 2001.Feeder Roads Programme (FRP), Mozambique. 2001.Feeder Roads Programme (FRP), Mozambique. 2001.Feeder Roads Programme (FRP), Mozambique. 2001.303gm.303gm.303gm.303gm.303gm.

This booklet contains the experiences and lessonslearned from the Feeder Roads Programme inMozambique, 20 years after its inception. Itcovers institutional, technical, social andeconomic aspects of the programme, highlightingthe breakthroughs made by the FRP, as well assome of the mistakes. The booklet explains thedifferent systems of road maintenanceexperimented with by the FRP, i.e., lengthmen,gangs and contractor systems, showing theadvantages and disadvantages of each option inparticular situations. It also discusses labour andemployment issues. It is in English andPortuguese.Ref. No. MOZ-110008 POA

Roads and resources: Appropriatetechnology in road construction indeveloping countriesG.A. Edmonds and J.D. Howe (eds)

IT Publications; ILO. 1980. 200pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1980. 200pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1980. 200pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1980. 200pp.IT Publications; ILO. 1980. 200pp.ISBN 0-903031-69-8. 275gmISBN 0-903031-69-8. 275gmISBN 0-903031-69-8. 275gmISBN 0-903031-69-8. 275gmISBN 0-903031-69-8. 275gm

This book is concerned with appropriateconstruction technology in the building andmaintenance of roads. By drawing upon thedetailed studies that have been carried out by theILO and experience from recently executedlabour-based programmes, the book shows that

the use of more labour-intensive techniques canbe technically and economically efficient. It alsoshows that the level of planning and organisationrequired for efficient labour-based programmes isno less demanding than that for equipment-basedprogramme. The book is in two parts. The firstdeals with the institutional framework withinwhich the appropriate technology is proposed andwith the various aspects of the implementation ofappropriate technology. Having discussed theinstitutional framework it continues with adiscussion of the major aspects of labour-basedroad construction, using as a basis the variousILO studies and programmes in Iran, Thailand,Nepal, the Philippines, India and Kenya.Ref. No. 043-001225 POA

Road building in the Tropics: Stateof the art review 9R.S. Millard

TRL. 1993. 312pp. ISBN 011-551062-1. 1104gmTRL. 1993. 312pp. ISBN 011-551062-1. 1104gmTRL. 1993. 312pp. ISBN 011-551062-1. 1104gmTRL. 1993. 312pp. ISBN 011-551062-1. 1104gmTRL. 1993. 312pp. ISBN 011-551062-1. 1104gm

This book was written to provide acomprehensive source of information for highwayengineers practising in hot, tropical climates. Thefirst part deals with tropical soils and roadbuilding materials, describing their formation,characteristics and methods of testing. Thesecond part describes the methods used to designand build roads in tropical climates, and includeschapters on most common types of pavementincluding concrete, bituminous, gravel and earth.The book also looks at construction options witha strong emphasis on materials properties andbehaviour in tropical conditions. The bookintends to impart an understanding of why roadpavements behave as they do, so that highwayengineers can make the many judgements thatare necessary in providing the most effective roadsystem for the local conditions. The short sectionon earth and gravel surfaces is particularly usefulas this aspect is often omitted from standardtexts.Ref. No. 043-001716 POA

Road maintenance management:Concepts and systemsRichard Robinson, Uno Danielson and Martin Snaith

Macmillan Press. 1998. 291pp.Macmillan Press. 1998. 291pp.Macmillan Press. 1998. 291pp.Macmillan Press. 1998. 291pp.Macmillan Press. 1998. 291pp.ISBN 0-33372155-1. 140gmISBN 0-33372155-1. 140gmISBN 0-33372155-1. 140gmISBN 0-33372155-1. 140gmISBN 0-33372155-1. 140gm

This book provides an up-to-date description ofroad maintenance management which isdiscussed from a business managementperspective. With the focus of attention in manycountries now moving away from building newroads to maintaining existing ones, the authorsdemonstrate that road maintenance is afundamentally different and in many ways morecomplex process. A new set of skills are requiredwhere institutional reform, human resourcedevelopment, and changes to management



practices having greater prominence thantechnical issues. The text offers a framework forconsidering policy formulation, networkmanagement, organisational responsibilities,information requirements, cost estimating andmany other aspects of road maintenance.The book is not targeted at a particular countryor region, but is intended to provide aninternational perspective on best practice. Thebook is aimed at engineers and managersworking in road administrations, consultantsstaff and contracting organisations engaged inroad maintenance management, and universitystudents pursuing courses in road engineeringand transport planning. It is also of particularinterest to staff in international and bilateral aidagencies who have responsibility for designingand implementing road sector projects.Ref. No. 043-002518 $57.00

Rural Access Roads Programme,Kenya: An analysis of costs andproductivitiesSteinar Hagen


Gives an insight into the costs and productivityencountered during the Rural Access RoadsProgramme in Kenya, where labour-basedmethods were employed for the construction of8000 km of farm to market roads between 1974and 1985.Ref. No. KEN-027375 $4.50

Stone: An introductionAsher Shadmon

Intermediate Technology Publications. 2nd edition.Intermediate Technology Publications. 2nd edition.Intermediate Technology Publications. 2nd edition.Intermediate Technology Publications. 2nd edition.Intermediate Technology Publications. 2nd edition.1996. 168pp. ISBN 1-853393-13-4. 370gm1996. 168pp. ISBN 1-853393-13-4. 370gm1996. 168pp. ISBN 1-853393-13-4. 370gm1996. 168pp. ISBN 1-853393-13-4. 370gm1996. 168pp. ISBN 1-853393-13-4. 370gm

This useful general survey describes the varietiesand uses of stone, whether cut or field stone, as abuilding material; how to extract, work and useit. It has a chapter on stone and the environmentwhich emphasises the importance of planning,waste recycling, and quarry rehabilitation as partof the extraction process.

The appendix outlines procedures for testingstone’s flexural and compressive strength anddiscussing the importance of slip resistance.Ref. No. 043-000076 $24.00

The District Road Improvement andMaintenance Programme. Better roads andjob creation in MalawiS. Hagen and Colin Relf


Describes the Malawian experience of the DistrictRoad Improvement and Maintenance Programme(DRIMP). Illustrates the programme’s significantcontribution towards rural road improvementand maintenance in an efficient manner, botheconomically and technically, by utilising locallyavailable resources to the maximum extentpossible.Ref. No. MWI-030015 $15.00

The Rural Access Roads Programme:Appropriate technology in KenyaJ. J. de Veen

ILO. Fourth impression. 1993. 186pp.ILO. Fourth impression. 1993. 186pp.ILO. Fourth impression. 1993. 186pp.ILO. Fourth impression. 1993. 186pp.ILO. Fourth impression. 1993. 186pp.ISBN 92-2-10220408. 280gm (Also available inISBN 92-2-10220408. 280gm (Also available inISBN 92-2-10220408. 280gm (Also available inISBN 92-2-10220408. 280gm (Also available inISBN 92-2-10220408. 280gm (Also available inFrench)French)French)French)French)

The RARP was the first comprehensivedevelopment of a labour-based programme inAfrica. This book is divided into two parts: textand appendices. The text discusses thedevelopment of the administrative,organisational and training systems of theprogramme in general terms. It also describes thetechnical and finiancial involvement of thevarious aid agencies and the research carried outin the initial stages of the programme. Theappendices describe the procedures and systemsused in the RARP in detail.Ref. No. 043-001245 $21.00



Road construction andmaintenance: technical

manuals

A pocket guide to feasibility studies forlow-volume roadsRichard Robinsson, Charlie Eriksson and Ulf Bruderfors

Department of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andEnergy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.ISBN 0-7974-1904-7. 165gmISBN 0-7974-1904-7. 165gmISBN 0-7974-1904-7. 165gmISBN 0-7974-1904-7. 165gmISBN 0-7974-1904-7. 165gmThis guide explains how to carry out feasibility studiesfor projects on low volume roads in Zimbabwe. Theguidelines are designed for use on roads with trafficlevels up to about 100 vehicles per day. The mainpurpose of these guidelines is to enable thecomparison and priority ranking of projects involvinglow-volume gravel roads.Ref. No. ZWE-041576 POA

A pocket guide to road design for low-volume roadsRichard Robinsson; Charlie Eriksson; Ulf Bruderfors

Department of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andDepartment of Roads, Ministry of Transport andEnergy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.Energy Zimbabwe. 1998. 136pp.ISBN 0-7974-1931-4. 280gmISBN 0-7974-1931-4. 280gmISBN 0-7974-1931-4. 280gmISBN 0-7974-1931-4. 280gmISBN 0-7974-1931-4. 280gmThis guide provides step-by-step guidance for thedesign of low-volume secondary and feeder roads inZimbabwe. It outlines steps in the process of designingthese roads, provides technical and other informationnecessary in the collection and evaluation of data fordesign, and explains how design decisions should bepresented in final report form. It aims to provideguidance on the overall approach to design and is notintended as a specification.Ref. No. ZWE-041575 POA

Building roads by hand: An introduc-tion to labour-based road constructionJ. Antoniou, P. Guthrie, and Jan de Veen

ILO. Second impression. 1997. 50pp.ILO. Second impression. 1997. 50pp.ILO. Second impression. 1997. 50pp.ILO. Second impression. 1997. 50pp.ILO. Second impression. 1997. 50pp.ISBN 0-582-06060-5. 120gm (Also available inISBN 0-582-06060-5. 120gm (Also available inISBN 0-582-06060-5. 120gm (Also available inISBN 0-582-06060-5. 120gm (Also available inISBN 0-582-06060-5. 120gm (Also available inPortuPortuPortuPortuPortuguese)guese)guese)guese)guese)

Presents the broad technical, organisational andmanagerial principles of labour-based roadworksconstruction. Aimed at supervisory staff but isalso valuable to civil engineers embarking onlabour-based works for the first time and tostudents who need a general introduction to thesubject.Ref. No. 043-000260 $11.50

Design guidelines for low volume roadssuitable for labour-based constructionmethods in LesothoI.T. Transport

Ministry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 4thMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 4thMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 4thMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 4thMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 4thedition. 1996. 68pp. 210gmedition. 1996. 68pp. 210gmedition. 1996. 68pp. 210gmedition. 1996. 68pp. 210gmedition. 1996. 68pp. 210gmGuidelines for the standard design of earth andgravel roads suitable for the conditions prevailingin Lesotho. These guidelines have been developedbased on experience, both local and international,in design of earth and gravel roads. Covers allaspects including geometric design standards,drainage standards, erosion protection works andenvironmental protection. Though writtenspecifically for Lesotho, the methods andtechniques described could well be adapted tolocal conditions in other countries.Ref. No. LSO-028140 POA

Earth roads: A practical guide to earth roadconstruction and maintenanceJ. Hindson. Edited and revised by John Howe andGordon Hathway


A technical manual providing a simpledescription of road planning and construction fornon-engineers. Deals with drainage, roadplanning, the actual construction and subsequent



maintenance operations. Puts considerableemphasis on the importance of drainage andillustrates how this can compensate for theabsence of gravels and other road surfacingmaterials.Ref. No. 043-001593 $16.00

Field engineering: An introduction todevelopment work and construction inrural areasPeter Stern (Compiled and edited from an original workby F. Longland)


A standard guide for those involved in simpleengineering work in rural areas. Deals with sitesurveying, engineering materials, water supplies,sanitation in general, planning and constructionof roads, simple river crossings, bridges and smalldams.Ref. No. 043-001297 $17.50

Field handbook: Labour-based roadconstruction methodsBjorn Johannessen

ILO. 1997. 51pp. 155gmILO. 1997. 51pp. 155gmILO. 1997. 51pp. 155gmILO. 1997. 51pp. 155gmILO. 1997. 51pp. 155gmThe purpose of this handbook is to provide sitesupervisory staff with a handy field referencecontaining the most essential information inregards to specific geometrical standards,work methods and procedures used on labour-based road construction works in Lao PDR. Thisdocument does not provide a full description oflabour-based technology. It is expected that thishas already been explained in specially designedtraining courses. A very concise and wellillustrated handbook, following the standard ILOapproach.Ref. No. 043-002346 POA

International road maintenance handbookPIARC; ODA; TRL. 1994. ISBN 0-9521860-12 (set)PIARC; ODA; TRL. 1994. ISBN 0-9521860-12 (set)PIARC; ODA; TRL. 1994. ISBN 0-9521860-12 (set)PIARC; ODA; TRL. 1994. ISBN 0-9521860-12 (set)PIARC; ODA; TRL. 1994. ISBN 0-9521860-12 (set)

Volume I: Maintenance of roadside areas anddrainage329pp. ISBN 0-9521860-20. 430gm329pp. ISBN 0-9521860-20. 430gm329pp. ISBN 0-9521860-20. 430gm329pp. ISBN 0-9521860-20. 430gm329pp. ISBN 0-9521860-20. 430gm

Volume II: Maintenance of unpaved roads337pp. ISBN 0-9521860-39. 440gm337pp. ISBN 0-9521860-39. 440gm337pp. ISBN 0-9521860-39. 440gm337pp. ISBN 0-9521860-39. 440gm337pp. ISBN 0-9521860-39. 440gm

Volume III: Maintenance of paved roads279pp. ISBN 0-9521860-47. 375gm279pp. ISBN 0-9521860-47. 375gm279pp. ISBN 0-9521860-47. 375gm279pp. ISBN 0-9521860-47. 375gm279pp. ISBN 0-9521860-47. 375gm

Volume IV: Maintenance structures and trafficcontrol devices171pp. ISBN 0-9521860-55. 240gm171pp. ISBN 0-9521860-55. 240gm171pp. ISBN 0-9521860-55. 240gm171pp. ISBN 0-9521860-55. 240gm171pp. ISBN 0-9521860-55. 240gm

This series of four handbooks provides guidelinesfor maintenance foremen and supervisorsassigned to bitumen or unpaved roads in tropical

and moderate climates. The handbooks aim toassist maintenance foremen and supervisors inall aspects of their work whether carried out bydirect labour or by contract. Each handbook isdivided under the headings: the task, defects,resources and maintenance method. Whereappropriate, options are shown for carrying outwork by heavy equipment, tractor basedmethods, or labour-based methods. Thehandbooks are also useful reading for engineersand senior supervisors. Their pocket formatenables the volumes to be easily carried andconsulted on site. The handbooks can also beused for training purposes, supported by countryspecific supplementary information.Ref. No. 043-000912 - 000915

$64.00 (for set of four volumes)

Kitabu cha utunzaji ya barabara kwawanyapara / Headman’s handbook for themaintenance of minor and rural accessroadsI&D Consult

Ministry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 1991. 11pp. 40gmRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 1991. 11pp. 40gmRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 1991. 11pp. 40gmRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 1991. 11pp. 40gmRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 1991. 11pp. 40gm(Kiswahili/English)(Kiswahili/English)(Kiswahili/English)(Kiswahili/English)(Kiswahili/English)

A simple well illustrated booklet in bothKiswahili and English providing instructions forheadmen performing annual routine roadmaintenance works.Ref. No. KEN-027297 $5.00

Labour-based roadworks: TechnicalmanualIntech Associates

Ministry of Works, Tanzania, ILO. May 1997Ministry of Works, Tanzania, ILO. May 1997Ministry of Works, Tanzania, ILO. May 1997Ministry of Works, Tanzania, ILO. May 1997Ministry of Works, Tanzania, ILO. May 1997

This manual is aimed primarily at roadengineers, planners and managers involved withthe development of labour-based roadmaintenance and improvement methods.However, its format has been designed so thatmodules or pages may be incorporated in trainingmaterial.

Volume I: Road rehabilitation works326pp. 885gm326pp. 885gm326pp. 885gm326pp. 885gm326pp. 885gm

Volume I covers the technical and managementaspects of road rehabilitation works. The manualsets out the design standards for labour-basedroadworks. It describes the techniques, planningand organisation of the various components ofthe works including earthworks, drainage,erosion protection, structures, and surfacing forpaved and unpaved roads.Ref. No. TZA-037485 $21.00



Volume II: Road maintenance248pp. 485gm248pp. 485gm248pp. 485gm248pp. 485gm248pp. 485gm

Volume II covers the technical and managementaspects of road maintenance. It describes thevarious emergency, routine and periodicmaintenance operations and the options fororganising the works. It also provides practicalguidelines on selected maintenance managementissues.Ref. No. TZA-037486 $21.00

Volume III: Design and specifications102pp. 715gm102pp. 715gm102pp. 715gm102pp. 715gm102pp. 715gm

Volume III covers designs and technicalspecifications for the important items commonlyused for labour-based roadworks. These includeaccommodation and site facilities, handtools,control and setting out tools, and a range ofintermediate items. Standard designs for culvertsand road signs are also included. It is intendedthat the designs and specifications will encouragelocal fabrication or manufacture to the standardsnecessary to ensure cost-effective ownership bycontractors, road authorities or otherorganisations engaged in roadworks.Ref. No. TZA-037558 $21.00

Labour enhanced construction forbituminous surfacingsManual 11. SABITA. March 1993. 55pp.Manual 11. SABITA. March 1993. 55pp.Manual 11. SABITA. March 1993. 55pp.Manual 11. SABITA. March 1993. 55pp.Manual 11. SABITA. March 1993. 55pp.ISBN 0-620-17499-4. 140gmISBN 0-620-17499-4. 140gmISBN 0-620-17499-4. 140gmISBN 0-620-17499-4. 140gmISBN 0-620-17499-4. 140gm

The manual provides recommendations andadvice on bituminous surfacings suitable forlabour enhanced construction, to guide thepractitioner who may be getting involved in thisfor the first time. The first part of the manualcovers the choice of bituminous surfacings forlabour enhanced construction, with informationon the limitation of the construction techniquesto be used. It covers criteria which would beuseful in choosing the surfacing to suit objectivesof job creation, maximisation of the labourcomponent of the budget, and skills transfer.Organisation of labour is also discussed.Ref. No. 043-001591 POA

Labour enhanced construction forbituminous surfacings: Methods andproceduresManual 12. SABITA. August 1994. 54pp.Manual 12. SABITA. August 1994. 54pp.Manual 12. SABITA. August 1994. 54pp.Manual 12. SABITA. August 1994. 54pp.Manual 12. SABITA. August 1994. 54pp.ISBN 1-874968-08-X. 115gmISBN 1-874968-08-X. 115gmISBN 1-874968-08-X. 115gmISBN 1-874968-08-X. 115gmISBN 1-874968-08-X. 115gm

This is a companion publication of the aboveManual 11. The methods and procedures forlabour enhanced construction of bituminoussurfacings are presented to give guidelines forthe appropriate techniques. It is intended for useby contractors’ staff in planning labour enhancedconstruction of surfacings and in the training of

workers. It could also be included in contractdocument as a method specification.Ref. No. 043-001592 POA

Low cost road construction in Indonesia.Labour-based road projects in ManggaraiDistrictA. Beusch, P. Hartmann, R. C. Petts, P. Winkelmann

INTERCOOPERATION, Swiss Organisation forINTERCOOPERATION, Swiss Organisation forINTERCOOPERATION, Swiss Organisation forINTERCOOPERATION, Swiss Organisation forINTERCOOPERATION, Swiss Organisation forDevelopment Cooperation. 1997.Development Cooperation. 1997.Development Cooperation. 1997.Development Cooperation. 1997.Development Cooperation. 1997.ISBN 3-906494-00-4 (set of two volumes)ISBN 3-906494-00-4 (set of two volumes)ISBN 3-906494-00-4 (set of two volumes)ISBN 3-906494-00-4 (set of two volumes)ISBN 3-906494-00-4 (set of two volumes)

Volume I: Documentation50pp. ISBN 3-906494-01-2. 220gm50pp. ISBN 3-906494-01-2. 220gm50pp. ISBN 3-906494-01-2. 220gm50pp. ISBN 3-906494-01-2. 220gm50pp. ISBN 3-906494-01-2. 220gm

Volume II: Workbook110pp. ISBN 3-906494-02-0. 440gm110pp. ISBN 3-906494-02-0. 440gm110pp. ISBN 3-906494-02-0. 440gm110pp. ISBN 3-906494-02-0. 440gm110pp. ISBN 3-906494-02-0. 440gm

This pair of documents describes a rural roadconstruction programme in the ManggaraiDistrict of West Flores, situated in the Provinceof Nusa Tenggara Timur, East Indonesia, andsupported by the Swiss Agency for Developmentand Cooperation. Volume I covers thebackground, objectives and results, institutionalframework, planning and monitoring, designstandards, work methods and organisation,implementation, training and road maintenance.Volume II provides detailed examples, guidelinesand standards. These volumes provide usefulreference material particularly for stone pavedrural roads constructed in steep terrain. Boththese volumes are stocked by IntermediateTechnology Publications (see back of cataloguefor address).Ref. No. 1AS-43114 (Volume I) $17.00Ref. No. 1AS-043115 (Volume II) $15.00

Minor Roads Programme structuresmanual: Volume 1 and Volume 2Ministry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1993.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1993.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1993.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1993.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1993.Volume 1: 142pp. 725gm. Volume 2: 119pp. 650gmVolume 1: 142pp. 725gm. Volume 2: 119pp. 650gmVolume 1: 142pp. 725gm. Volume 2: 119pp. 650gmVolume 1: 142pp. 725gm. Volume 2: 119pp. 650gmVolume 1: 142pp. 725gm. Volume 2: 119pp. 650gm

A manual developed under the Kenya MinorRoads Programme which involved labour-basedtechniques for the improvement andmaintenance of minor roads. Gives guidelines onthe design and construction of small structurescommonly encountered on minor roads of a spanup to 10m. Covers the planning and designprocess, site investigation and soil testing, riverhydraulics and climatological data, as well asmodules on materials and types of structures.Volume 2 contains construction drawings. Themanual is complemented by the MRP TechnicalManual, Drawings and Specifications Manual,Road Maintenance Manual and Forms Manual.Ref. No. KEN-027293 $14.50



Minor Roads Programme technical manual.Volume IIntech Associates

Ministry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. January 1992.290pp. 510gm290pp. 510gm290pp. 510gm290pp. 510gm290pp. 510gm

A manual developed under the Kenya MinorRoads Programme which involved labour-basedtechniques for the improvement andmaintenance of minor roads. This technicalmanual describes in detail the organisation andtechniques used for the improvement of roadsunder the MRP. It sets out the MRP policy andstandards on technical issues, describes technicalprocedures, and gives guidance on planning,organising and control of the MRP roadimprovement work. The manual is set out inmodules, each covering one of the aspects of theprogramme. The manual is complemented by theMRP Road Maintenance Manual, Drawings andSpecifications Manual, and Structures Manuallisted above and below.Ref. No. KEN-027298 $15.00

Minor Roads Programme technical manual.Volume II: Drawings and specificationsMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1995.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1995.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1995.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1995.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, January 1995.90pp. 680gm90pp. 680gm90pp. 680gm90pp. 680gm90pp. 680gm

Contains the drawings and specifications usedunder the MRP for the following: base campfacilities; site accommodation; tipping trailer;non-tipping trailer; fuel bowser; water bowser;heavy-duty towing hitch; hand or animal drawnroller; 600mm culvert mould; 900mm culvertmould; ditch and slope templates; hand tools; androad signs.Ref. No. KEN-027425 $15.00

Minor Roads Programme technical manual.Volume III: Road maintenance manualIntech Associates

Ministry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorMinistry of Public Works, Roads Department, MinorRoads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. November 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. November 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. November 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. November 1992.Roads Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. November 1992.195pp. 385gm195pp. 385gm195pp. 385gm195pp. 385gm195pp. 385gm

A manual developed under the Kenya MinorRoads Programme which involved labour-basedtechniques for the improvement andmaintenance of minor roads. Describes thelengthman system for routine maintenance ofrural access and minor roads, and periodicmaintenance activities. The manual describes indetail the organisation and techniques used forthe maintenance of roads under the MRP. It setsout the MRP policy and standards on technicalissues, describes management procedures, andgives guidance on planning, organising andcontrol of the MRP road maintenance work. Themanual is set out in modules each covering one ofthe aspects of the programme. The manual is

complemented by the MRP Technical Manual,Drawings and Specifications Manual, FormsManual and Structures Manual also listed here.Ref. No. KEN-027295 $19.50

Overseas road note 1: Maintenancemanagement for district engineersTRL, Overseas Unit. 1981. 34pp. 250gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1981. 34pp. 250gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1981. 34pp. 250gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1981. 34pp. 250gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1981. 34pp. 250gm

A practical guide to the management ofmaintenance operations. Outlines a rationalapproach that will help maintenance engineersorganise and control the activities for which theyare responsible, for improved efficiency andproductive use of maintenance resources.Ref. No. 043-001022 $16.00

Overseas road note 2: Maintenancetechniques for district engineersTRL, Overseas Unit. 2nd edition. 1985. 46pp. 185gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 2nd edition. 1985. 46pp. 185gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 2nd edition. 1985. 46pp. 185gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 2nd edition. 1985. 46pp. 185gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 2nd edition. 1985. 46pp. 185gm

Describes the principal techniques used tomaintain roads within a district in a developingcountry, with particular emphasis on theplanning and design aspects of the work.Discusses the merits of using labour orequipment-based operations and examines thescope for using local contractors for maintenancework.Ref. No. 043-001020 $16.00



Overseas road note 9: A design manual forsmall bridgesJ.D. Parry et. al.TRL, Overseas Unit. 1992. 223pp. 760gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1992. 223pp. 760gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1992. 223pp. 760gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1992. 223pp. 760gmTRL, Overseas Unit. 1992. 223pp. 760gm

This manual offers highway engineers acomprehensive set of guidelines to assist andsimplify the process of designing small bridgesand culverts which are an essential part of everyroad network. The manual defines “smallbridges” as single or multi-span structures withindividual spans no more than 12m long. Theguidelines cover the entire design process, fromthe planning stage through site investigationsand materials analysis, hydraulic design andstructural design, to the final preparation ofdrawings and detailed specifications. The manualis designed for general engineers who may not bebridge specialists.Ref. No. 043-000592 $24.00

Rehabilitation of feeder roads using labour-based methods: Technical manualZoran Veselinovic

UNDP, Office for Project Services, AfghanistanUNDP, Office for Project Services, AfghanistanUNDP, Office for Project Services, AfghanistanUNDP, Office for Project Services, AfghanistanUNDP, Office for Project Services, AfghanistanProjects Office. Peshawar, Afghanistan. March 1993.Projects Office. Peshawar, Afghanistan. March 1993.Projects Office. Peshawar, Afghanistan. March 1993.Projects Office. Peshawar, Afghanistan. March 1993.Projects Office. Peshawar, Afghanistan. March 1993.144pp. 634gm144pp. 634gm144pp. 634gm144pp. 634gm144pp. 634gm

This manual provides practical guidance tovarious levels of site supervisors engaged inrehabilitation of Afghan feeder roads usinglabour-intensive, equipment-supported methods.The manual is in modular form so that individualsections can be easily revised and adapted todifferent situations. Basic setting out techniques,detailed for each type of road work, will enablesite supervisors – from foreman to site engineerlevel – to reconstruct roads to specified levels,shapes and dimensions, as well as to measure thework, calculate and allocate daily tasks, and planand control all necessary inputs throughout theconstruction period.Ref. No. 062-003644 $16.00

Roads 2000 works manualIntech Associates

Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Nairobi,Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Nairobi,Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Nairobi,Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Nairobi,Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Nairobi,Kenya. 1996. 301pp. 1530gmKenya. 1996. 301pp. 1530gmKenya. 1996. 301pp. 1530gmKenya. 1996. 301pp. 1530gmKenya. 1996. 301pp. 1530gm

A manual prepared for the Kenya Roads 2000programme, which builds upon the successfulexperience of the RARP and the MRP. Themanual sets out the techniques and proceduresdeveloped from a pilot project for the Roads 2000programme. The Roads 2000 approach appliesprimarily to unpaved roads of all classification inall districts of Kenya. However, the techniquescan also be applied to certain activities on pavedroads. The manual describes in detail theorganisation and techniques used for thepreparation, maintenance and spot improvementof roads. It sets out Road Department policy andstandards on technical matters, describes

procedures used, and gives guidance on planning,organising and controlling the road maintenanceand spot improvement work. It is set out inmodules, each covering one of the aspects of theprogramme.Ref. No. KEN-027448 $29.00

Technical manual for low volume roadsupgraded and constructed using labour-based methods in LesothoI.T. Transport

Ministry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 2ndMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 2ndMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 2ndMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 2ndMinistry of Works, Maseru, Lesotho. Revised 2ndedition. 1996. 225pp. 625gmedition. 1996. 225pp. 625gmedition. 1996. 225pp. 625gmedition. 1996. 225pp. 625gmedition. 1996. 225pp. 625gm

This manual is written for use as a practicalguide by supervisory staff responsible for theconstruction, upgrading and maintenance of low-volume roads using labour-based methods inLesotho. The manual takes into account thegeometric design standards of low-volume roadsand all associated drainage structures. Itdescribes all road construction, upgrading andmaintenance activities. Its also details how to settasks for each activity, check the quality of workdone, check the quantity of work undertaken andreport on the work actually undertaken over aperiod of time. Though written specifically forLesotho, the methods and techniques describedcould well be adapted to local conditions in othercountries.Ref. No. LSO-028141 POA

Road construction andmaintenance:

training manuals

Course materials on labour-based roadengineeringJohn Howe and Hans Muller

ILO. 1998. ISBN 92-2-111419-8 (set)ILO. 1998. ISBN 92-2-111419-8 (set)ILO. 1998. ISBN 92-2-111419-8 (set)ILO. 1998. ISBN 92-2-111419-8 (set)ILO. 1998. ISBN 92-2-111419-8 (set)

Undergraduate course on labour-based roadengineeringILO. 1998. 437pp. ISBN 92-111421-X. 2920gmILO. 1998. 437pp. ISBN 92-111421-X. 2920gmILO. 1998. 437pp. ISBN 92-111421-X. 2920gmILO. 1998. 437pp. ISBN 92-111421-X. 2920gmILO. 1998. 437pp. ISBN 92-111421-X. 2920gm

Postgraduate course on labour-based roadengineeringILO. 1998. 435pp. ISBN 92-111422-X. 2800gmILO. 1998. 435pp. ISBN 92-111422-X. 2800gmILO. 1998. 435pp. ISBN 92-111422-X. 2800gmILO. 1998. 435pp. ISBN 92-111422-X. 2800gmILO. 1998. 435pp. ISBN 92-111422-X. 2800gm

Orientation course on labour-based roadengineeringILO. 1998. 510pp. ISBN 92-111420-1. 3340gmILO. 1998. 510pp. ISBN 92-111420-1. 3340gmILO. 1998. 510pp. ISBN 92-111420-1. 3340gmILO. 1998. 510pp. ISBN 92-111420-1. 3340gmILO. 1998. 510pp. ISBN 92-111420-1. 3340gm

Audio-visual material for courses on labour-based road engineeringILO. 1998. 195 35mm colour slides.ILO. 1998. 195 35mm colour slides.ILO. 1998. 195 35mm colour slides.ILO. 1998. 195 35mm colour slides.ILO. 1998. 195 35mm colour slides.ISBN 92-2-111423-6. 1440gmISBN 92-2-111423-6. 1440gmISBN 92-2-111423-6. 1440gmISBN 92-2-111423-6. 1440gmISBN 92-2-111423-6. 1440gm



This course material was developed jointly withthe International Institute for Infrastructural,Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering(IHE), Delft, The Netherlands as part of ILO’seffort to expand the use of employment-intensivetechniques. This material which was previouslypublished as a provisional edition has now beenrevised. The core material comprises two coursesin labour-based road engineering atundergraduate and postgraduate levels. Theundergraduate course concentrates on basicprinciples, and summarises practical experiencethat has been accumulated. The postgraduatecourse concentrates on more advance subjectsand current innovations and issues. Theorientation course is for practising engineers andmanagers and is meant to provide rapid andintensive instruction in the subject for thoseunable to devote time to programmed study. Acomplementary pack of 200 35 mm colour slidesis also provided.Ref. No. 062-13836 (Undergraduate course) POARef. No. 062-13838 (Postgraduate course) POARef. No. 062-13837 (Orientation course) POARef. No. 062-13839 (Audio-visual material) POA

Guide to the training of supervisors forlabour-based road construction andmaintenanceL. Karlsson and J. J. de Veen

ILO. 1981.ILO. 1981.ILO. 1981.ILO. 1981.ILO. 1981.

Instructor’s Manual/1. The setting up oftraining coursesCTP 97. 28pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 125gmCTP 97. 28pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 125gmCTP 97. 28pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 125gmCTP 97. 28pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 125gmCTP 97. 28pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 125gm

Instructor’s Manual/2. How to develop acountry/project-specific training courseCTP 98. 37pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 135gmCTP 98. 37pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 135gmCTP 98. 37pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 135gmCTP 98. 37pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 135gmCTP 98. 37pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 135gm

Instructor’s Manual/3. Notes for instructors264pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 750gm264pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 750gm264pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 750gm264pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 750gm264pp. ISBN 92-2-102887-9. 750gm

Trainee’s Manual/Part 1276pp. ISBN 92-2-102827-5. 800gm276pp. ISBN 92-2-102827-5. 800gm276pp. ISBN 92-2-102827-5. 800gm276pp. ISBN 92-2-102827-5. 800gm276pp. ISBN 92-2-102827-5. 800gm

Trainee’s Manual/Part 2258pp. ISBN 92-2-102828-3. 750gm258pp. ISBN 92-2-102828-3. 750gm258pp. ISBN 92-2-102828-3. 750gm258pp. ISBN 92-2-102828-3. 750gm258pp. ISBN 92-2-102828-3. 750gm

Guide to the general and technical training ofsupervisors for road construction andmaintenance programmes. Comes in two parts,instructor’s manual and trainee’s manuals. Theinstructor’s manual is divided into three partsand contains information and advice forinstructors on how to plan, design and implementa training course. The trainee’s manuals containdetailed training material for the trainees.However, the trainee manuals are incomplete inthat they are not country specific; thus aspectssuch as project organisation and administration,

programme objects and design standards willvary from country to country. The material ispresented in the form of self-contained modules,subdivided into learning elements. The modularformat allows the trainer to develop country/project specific courses by simply selecting therelevant modules or modifying others to reflectthe local situation. The manuals arecomplemented by a series of videos: Trainingvideos for labour-based road construction andmaintenance, and video scripts. See the sectionon videos for details.Ref. No. 062-003746 (Instructor’s manual 1) $4.00Ref. No. 062-003747 (Instructor’s manual 2) $5.00Ref. No. 062-003748 (Instructor’s manual 3) $25.00Ref. No. 062-003744 (Trainee’s manual 1) $27.00Ref. No. 062-003745 (Trainee’s manual 2) $25.00

$86.00 (full set)

International course for engineers andmanagers of labour-based roadconstruction and maintenanceAndreas Beusch and J. J. de Veen

Course notes. Volume 1ILO. 1991. 444pp. ISBN 92-2-107915-5. 1150gmILO. 1991. 444pp. ISBN 92-2-107915-5. 1150gmILO. 1991. 444pp. ISBN 92-2-107915-5. 1150gmILO. 1991. 444pp. ISBN 92-2-107915-5. 1150gmILO. 1991. 444pp. ISBN 92-2-107915-5. 1150gm

Course notes. Volume 2ILO. 1991. 460pp. ISBN 92-2-107916-3. 1200gmILO. 1991. 460pp. ISBN 92-2-107916-3. 1200gmILO. 1991. 460pp. ISBN 92-2-107916-3. 1200gmILO. 1991. 460pp. ISBN 92-2-107916-3. 1200gmILO. 1991. 460pp. ISBN 92-2-107916-3. 1200gm

Lecturer’s notes. Volume 3ILO. 1991. 464pp. ISBN 92-2-107917-1. 1490gmILO. 1991. 464pp. ISBN 92-2-107917-1. 1490gmILO. 1991. 464pp. ISBN 92-2-107917-1. 1490gmILO. 1991. 464pp. ISBN 92-2-107917-1. 1490gmILO. 1991. 464pp. ISBN 92-2-107917-1. 1490gm

Course curriculum. Volume 4ILO. 1991. 44pp. ISBN 92-2-107918-X. 110gmILO. 1991. 44pp. ISBN 92-2-107918-X. 110gmILO. 1991. 44pp. ISBN 92-2-107918-X. 110gmILO. 1991. 44pp. ISBN 92-2-107918-X. 110gmILO. 1991. 44pp. ISBN 92-2-107918-X. 110gm

Set of four volumes comprising a training coursefor engineers and managers covering practicaland managerial aspects of running labour-basedroad improvement and maintenance projects andprogrammes. The first two volumes providebackground and reference material to thestudents and practitioners. Volume threeprovides practical guidance to trainers and thefourth volume presents an overview of the coursecontent and learning objectives. These are thematerials developed by the ILO for theInternational Courses run at the Kisii TrainingCentre in Kenya since 1988.Ref. No. 062-003649 (Volume 1) $56.00Ref. No. 062-003650 (Volume 2) $56.00Ref. No. 062-003651 (Volume 3) $56.00Ref. No. 062-003652 (Volume 4) $4.00

$172.00 (set of four volumes)

Labour-based contract maintenanceprogramme. Orientation course for districtengineers: Course notes

Intech Beusch & Co.



42 The labour-based technology source book42 The labour-based technology source book

Course notes aimed at district engineers on theprinciples of labour-based maintenanceoperations to enable them to effectively managesmall-scale maintenance contracts for the offpavement routine maintenance of paved andgravel roads. It includes simple contractdocumentation and was developed with theGovernment of Uganda, who now use thisapproach for all their national road network.Ref. No. 062-003654 $22.00

Labour-based road construction trainingmanual for senior technical officers,technical officers, technical assistants.Training Manual, Parts 1 and 2Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Labour Construction Unit (LCU), Ministry of Works,Lesotho. December 1994. Part 1: 334pp. 905gm; PartLesotho. December 1994. Part 1: 334pp. 905gm; PartLesotho. December 1994. Part 1: 334pp. 905gm; PartLesotho. December 1994. Part 1: 334pp. 905gm; PartLesotho. December 1994. Part 1: 334pp. 905gm; Part2: 285pp. 770gm2: 285pp. 770gm2: 285pp. 770gm2: 285pp. 770gm2: 285pp. 770gm

Based on the ILO Guide to the Training ofSupervisors above, this manual contains acomplete training course for technicalsupervisors of labour-based road constructionworks. The volumes are in modular format, eachdealing with a particular aspect of roadconstruction, such as administration, planning,organisation, management and control, as well asthe most important technical topics such assurvey, drainage, concrete technology, soilmechanics and structures. Each module isfurther divided into specific learning elementsrequired for different supervisory levels.Ref. No. LSO-028098 (Part 1) $35.00Ref. No. LSO-028099 (Part 2) $30.00

Management and supervision of labour-based road construction and maintenance:Maintenance training course notes fortechnical staff of the District Council roadunitsIntech Beusch & Co. and Rolf Johansen

CTP 137. ILO. August 1992. 173pp. 500gmCTP 137. ILO. August 1992. 173pp. 500gmCTP 137. ILO. August 1992. 173pp. 500gmCTP 137. ILO. August 1992. 173pp. 500gmCTP 137. ILO. August 1992. 173pp. 500gm

Course material developed in Botswana for roadmaintenance activities for technical officers,technical assistants, and gangleaders to enablethem to effectively organise, manage andsupervise routine, periodic and emergencymaintenance of earth and gravel roads.Ref. No. 062-003657 $19.00

Management and supervision of labour-based road construction and maintenance:Maintenance course for technical officers,technical assistants and gangleaders:Intech Beusch & Co. and Folf Johansen

CTP 138. ILO. August 1992. 86pp. 250gmCTP 138. ILO. August 1992. 86pp. 250gmCTP 138. ILO. August 1992. 86pp. 250gmCTP 138. ILO. August 1992. 86pp. 250gmCTP 138. ILO. August 1992. 86pp. 250gm

Outlines course syllabuses developed inBotswana for road maintenance activities fortechnical officers, technical assistants, and

gangleaders to enable them to effectivelyorganise, manage and supervise routine, periodicand emergency maintenance of earth and gravelroads.Ref. No. 062-003655 $10.00

Road projects Manggarai: Handbook forinstruction course on labour-based roadconstructionP. Hartmann

Swiss Centre for Appropriate Technology (SKAT).Swiss Centre for Appropriate Technology (SKAT).Swiss Centre for Appropriate Technology (SKAT).Swiss Centre for Appropriate Technology (SKAT).Swiss Centre for Appropriate Technology (SKAT).1991. 54pp. ISBN 3-908001-35-8. 190gm1991. 54pp. ISBN 3-908001-35-8. 190gm1991. 54pp. ISBN 3-908001-35-8. 190gm1991. 54pp. ISBN 3-908001-35-8. 190gm1991. 54pp. ISBN 3-908001-35-8. 190gm

A compilation of teaching modules developed fortraining courses in the construction of ruralaccess roads in Indonesia. The modules cover theconstruction of earth and stone paved roads fromthe preparatory stage to maintenance. Theteaching modules contain an introduction to theproject background and concept, and detailedtechnical comments and references to thedifferent work activities.Ref. No. 1AS-043124 $34.00

Training material source book: Aguide for trainers in labour-based road-worksAndreas Beusch

ASIST Working Paper No 1. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 19pp.ASIST Working Paper No 1. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 19pp.ASIST Working Paper No 1. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 19pp.ASIST Working Paper No 1. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 19pp.ASIST Working Paper No 1. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 19pp.150gm150gm150gm150gm150gm

This guide is for trainers who are charged withproviding training for labour-based roadworks, orfor the development of small-scale contractors.Its purpose is to assist them in selecting anddeveloping appropriate training material.Ref. No. 062-13768 $3.50

Seminar proceedingsThe ASIST programme supports annual regionalseminars which bring together labour-basedpractitioners from the region and other parts ofthe world to discuss experiences, research anddevelopment in the field. The following reports ofproceedings and papers presented provide avaluable reference source on a wide spectrum oflabour-based technology practices andexperiences from Sub-Saharan Africa andbeyond.

Alternative approaches to infrastructuredevelopment and transport planning:Prospects for their integration intoeducational and research programmes.Sub-regional workshop for AsianEducational Institutions, Bangkok,11th – 12 th October 1995Aniruth Thongchai and Marit Due Langaas



Proceedings of a seminar held as part of aninitiative by the ILO to create a partnership withuniversities and polytechnics in South East Asiancountries. The universities and polytechnicsinvolved were those offering engineering andrural development programmes, and whichexpressed an interest in including the conceptsand practice of local resource utilisation forinfrastructure development in their curricula.The report presents a summary of proceedingsand presentations, as well as outputs from groupdiscussions and action plans.Ref. No. 1AS-043064 $12.50

Labour-based technology: A review ofcurrent practice. Report of proceedings ofthe Mbeya Seminar, Tanzania. 26 th – 28th

February 1990. Volume I: Paperspresented; Volume II: Report ofproceedingsJane M. Ritchie (Ed.)

ILO. 1990. Volume 1: CTP 121. 190pp. 560gm; VolumeILO. 1990. Volume 1: CTP 121. 190pp. 560gm; VolumeILO. 1990. Volume 1: CTP 121. 190pp. 560gm; VolumeILO. 1990. Volume 1: CTP 121. 190pp. 560gm; VolumeILO. 1990. Volume 1: CTP 121. 190pp. 560gm; Volume2: CTP 122. 66pp. 230gm2: CTP 122. 66pp. 230gm2: CTP 122. 66pp. 230gm2: CTP 122. 66pp. 230gm2: CTP 122. 66pp. 230gm

Volume One presents a compilation of papers ofthe first regional seminar. The topics coveredduring the seminar included; low cost structures;haulage; training materials; road constructiontechniques; road maintenance; labouradministration; monitoring and control. VolumeTwo summarises the discussions arising from thetopics covered during the seminar and reports onthe site visit, during which a gradingdemonstration using a double axle towed graderwas carried out.Ref. No. 043-000097 (Volume I) $20.15Ref. No. 043-001708 (Volume II) $7.10

Labour-based technology: A review ofcurrent practice. Report of proceedings.2nd – 6th March 1992, Mohales Hoek, LesothoGerrit Bosma and Bjørn Johannessen (Eds.)

CTP 129. ILO 1992. 154pp. 410gmCTP 129. ILO 1992. 154pp. 410gmCTP 129. ILO 1992. 154pp. 410gmCTP 129. ILO 1992. 154pp. 410gmCTP 129. ILO 1992. 154pp. 410gm

Report of the second regional seminar on labour-based technology which took place in MohalesHoek, Lesotho in March 1992. This reportpresents summaries of the papers presented andof the discussions which took place. It also reportson the site visit to a labour-based road project andcontains circulation papers which were notpresented. The main topics covered during thisseminar include labour-based maintenance;contracting; compaction equipment; and labourstandards.Ref. No. 043-000653 $16.50

Labour-based technology: A review ofcurrent practice. Report of proceedings.Zimbabwe Institute of Engineers,27th September – 1 st October 1993, Harare,ZimbabweBjørn Johannessen (Ed.)


Report of the third regional seminar on labour-based technology which took place in Harare,Zimbabwe in September 1993. This reportpresents summaries of the papers presented andof the discussions which took place. It alsoreports on the site visit to a labour-based roadproject. The main topics covered during thisseminar include tools and equipment; small-scalecontractors; and gender issues in labour-basedroadworks.Ref. No.043-001725 $19.50

Labour-based technology: A reviewof current practice. Regional seminar forlabour-based practitioners in the roadsector in Sub-Saharan Africa.Johannesburg, South Africa, 16 th – 20th

January 1995. Volume One: Report ofproceedings; Volume Two: Seminar papersKati Autere, Marit Due Langaas and David Mason (Eds.)

ILO/ASIST. 1995. Volume One: CTP 139. 63pp.ILO/ASIST. 1995. Volume One: CTP 139. 63pp.ILO/ASIST. 1995. Volume One: CTP 139. 63pp.ILO/ASIST. 1995. Volume One: CTP 139. 63pp.ILO/ASIST. 1995. Volume One: CTP 139. 63pp.195gm. Volume Two: CTP 140. 305pp. 800gm195gm. Volume Two: CTP 140. 305pp. 800gm195gm. Volume Two: CTP 140. 305pp. 800gm195gm. Volume Two: CTP 140. 305pp. 800gm195gm. Volume Two: CTP 140. 305pp. 800gm

Proceedings and papers of the fourth labour-based technology regional seminar held inJohannesburg, South Africa in January 1996.The theme of the seminar was urbaninfrastructure development, and education andtraining. This report presents a summary of theseminar proceedings, group discussions and theplenary papers presented. The group discussionscovered the following topics; urbaninfrastructure; contracting environment;contractor support and training; and trainingpolicy and planning. The report also includes thefield visit to a contractor developmentprogramme in Soweto. Volume Two contains acompilation of all the plenary and circulationpapers prepared for the seminar. The papers aregrouped under the following topics; labour-basedwork in South Africa; urban development;education and training.Ref. No. 043-001769 (Proceedings) $10.00Ref. No. 043-001770 (Papers) $15.00



Labour-based technology: A reviewof current practice. Proceedings andpapers of the fifth regional seminar forlabour-based practitioners in the roadsector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Accra,Ghana, 22nd – 26th April 1996Jan Fransen, Angela Kabiru and David Mason (Eds.)

ILO/ASIST. 1996. Proceedings: CTP 144. 75pp. ISSNILO/ASIST. 1996. Proceedings: CTP 144. 75pp. ISSNILO/ASIST. 1996. Proceedings: CTP 144. 75pp. ISSNILO/ASIST. 1996. Proceedings: CTP 144. 75pp. ISSNILO/ASIST. 1996. Proceedings: CTP 144. 75pp. ISSN1020-4962. 235gm; Papers: CTP 145. 286pp. ISSN1020-4962. 235gm; Papers: CTP 145. 286pp. ISSN1020-4962. 235gm; Papers: CTP 145. 286pp. ISSN1020-4962. 235gm; Papers: CTP 145. 286pp. ISSN1020-4962. 235gm; Papers: CTP 145. 286pp. ISSN1020-4962. 775gm1020-4962. 775gm1020-4962. 775gm1020-4962. 775gm1020-4962. 775gm

Presents a summary of the seminarproceedings, group discussions and the plenarypapers presented. The group discussionscovered the following topics; employmentpolicy and labour issues; contractdocumentation; cost and quality comparisons;contractor-client relationships; sustainability,growth and diversification of labour-basedroads contracting; equipping contractors, andtraining. Also reports on a field visit to roadsbeing maintained by small-scale contractorsunder the labour-based MaintenancePerformance Budgeting Systems (MPBS)employed in Ghana. A compilation of all theplenary and circulation papers prepared for theseminar is presented in a separate volume,under the following headings; policy, researchand development; labour-based contracting inGhana; appropriate technology, and urbandevelopment. A valuable collection of paperson labour-based contracting of roadmaintenance covering a wide range of issues.Ref. No. 043-001772 (Proceedings) $10.00Ref. No. 043-001773 (Papers) $15.00

Labour-based technology: A reviewof current practice. Proceedings andpapers of the sixth regional seminar forlabour-based practitioners. Jinja, Uganda,29 th September – 3 rd October 1997

ProceedingsCompiled by Sam Emorut-Erongot, Edited by AngelaKabiru-Kangethe, David Mason, Gamelihle Sibanda

CTP 157. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 108pp. 295gmCTP 157. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 108pp. 295gmCTP 157. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 108pp. 295gmCTP 157. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 108pp. 295gmCTP 157. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 108pp. 295gm

PapersCompiled by Angela Kabiru-Kangethe and David Mason

CTP 158. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 291pp. 655gmCTP 158. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 291pp. 655gmCTP 158. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 291pp. 655gmCTP 158. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 291pp. 655gmCTP 158. ILO/ASIST, June 1998. 291pp. 655gm

The theme of the seminar was tools andequipment. The proceedings contain a summaryof the plenary papers presented and thediscussions that followed. The report covers theseminar objectives; methodology and evaluationof the seminar; a summary of the paperspresented during the scene setting; summaries ofall papers presented followed by the discussionhighlights; full text of discussions arising from

each presentation; reports on the field visit, and apresentation of the statements of the seminar.The papers provide the full text of all the paperspresented, as well as those circulated. Thefollowing topics are included: employment andinfrastructure; tools and equipment: designdevelopment and specifications; equippingcontractors and projects; tools and equipmentprocurement; and road construction andmaintenance.Ref. No. 043-002400 (Proceedings) $10.00Ref. No. 043-002401 (Papers) $15.00

Labour-based technology: A reviewof current practice. Proceedings andpapers of the seventh regional seminar forlabour-based practitioners. Lusaka,Zambia, 3 rd – 7th May 1999

ProceedingsCompiled by Les Sampson and Pat Loots, Edited byILO/ASIST

CTP 159. ILO/ASIST. 1999. 118pp. CTP 159. ILO/ASIST. 1999. 118pp. CTP 159. ILO/ASIST. 1999. 118pp. CTP 159. ILO/ASIST. 1999. 118pp. CTP 159. ILO/ASIST. 1999. 118pp. ISBN 92-2-ISBNISBN 92-2-ISBNISBN 92-2-ISBNISBN 92-2-ISBNISBN 92-2-ISBNISBN 92-2-111869-X. 325gmISBN 92-2-111869-X. 325gmISBN 92-2-111869-X. 325gmISBN 92-2-111869-X. 325gmISBN 92-2-111869-X. 325gm

PapersCompiled by Angela Kabiru-Kangethe

CTP 160. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 221pp. CTP 160. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 221pp. CTP 160. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 221pp. CTP 160. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 221pp. CTP 160. ILO/ASIST. 2000. 221pp. ISBN 111870-3.ISBN 111870-3.ISBN 111870-3.ISBN 111870-3.ISBN 111870-3.ISBN 92-2-111870-3-X. 600gmISBN 92-2-111870-3-X. 600gmISBN 92-2-111870-3-X. 600gmISBN 92-2-111870-3-X. 600gmISBN 92-2-111870-3-X. 600gm

This was the seventh in a series of regionalseminars for labour-based practitioners heldsince 1990. The theme of this seminar wascontracting in employment-intensive works inboth the urban and rural sector. A broad range ofissues were presented and discussed during theseminar ranging from, stakeholder participationin the design, planning and implementation ofworks, contract documentation, credit facilities,contract management, community contracting,rural access among others. The proceedingsreport on the plenary and discussion sessions,and include summaries of the papers presented.The papers provide the full text of all the paperspresented.Ref. No. 043-002433 (Proceedings) $10.00Ref. No. 043-009724 (Papers) $15.00

Labour-based technology: Areview of the current practice. Proceedingsand papers of the eighth regional seminarfor labour-based practitioners. Cairo,Egypt, 15-19 October 2000

ProceedingsCompiled by Catherine Allen, Edited by ILO/ASIST

CTP 161. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 162pp.CTP 161. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 162pp.CTP 161. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 162pp.CTP 161. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 162pp.CTP 161. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 162pp.ISBN 92-2-112538-6. 440gm.ISBN 92-2-112538-6. 440gm.ISBN 92-2-112538-6. 440gm.ISBN 92-2-112538-6. 440gm.ISBN 92-2-112538-6. 440gm.



PapersCompiled by Social Fund for Development (SFD),Egypt.

CTP 162. SFD. 2000. 325pp. 1157gmCTP 162. SFD. 2000. 325pp. 1157gmCTP 162. SFD. 2000. 325pp. 1157gmCTP 162. SFD. 2000. 325pp. 1157gmCTP 162. SFD. 2000. 325pp. 1157gm

The proceedings and papers from the eighthregional seminar for labour-based technologypractitioners held in Cairo, Egypt in October2000. The theme of the seminar was “The newmillenium – challenges for employment intensiveinvestments”. The sub-themes covered in theseminar included the following: urbancommunities and socio-economic issues; ruralinfrastructure development; policy andimplementation issues; capacity building; ruraltravel and transport. The seminar also includedsite visits to witness labour-based technology inpractice in and around Cairo.Ref. No. 022-110 00 (Proceedings) $10.00Ref. No. 043-002452 (Papers) $15.00

Labour-based technology: Areview of the current practice. Proceedingsand papers of the ninth regionalseminar for labour-based practitioners.Maputo, Mozambique, 20-24 May 2002

ProceedingsCompiled by David Mason, Edited by ILO/ASIST

CTP 163. ILO/ASIST. 280pp ISBN 92-2-113105-X.CTP 163. ILO/ASIST. 280pp ISBN 92-2-113105-X.CTP 163. ILO/ASIST. 280pp ISBN 92-2-113105-X.CTP 163. ILO/ASIST. 280pp ISBN 92-2-113105-X.CTP 163. ILO/ASIST. 280pp ISBN 92-2-113105-X.500gm500gm500gm500gm500gm

PapersCompiled and edited by David Mason

CTP 164. National Road Adiministration (ANE); ILO/CTP 164. National Road Adiministration (ANE); ILO/CTP 164. National Road Adiministration (ANE); ILO/CTP 164. National Road Adiministration (ANE); ILO/CTP 164. National Road Adiministration (ANE); ILO/ASIST. 165pp. ISBN 92-2-113105-X. 782gmASIST. 165pp. ISBN 92-2-113105-X. 782gmASIST. 165pp. ISBN 92-2-113105-X. 782gmASIST. 165pp. ISBN 92-2-113105-X. 782gmASIST. 165pp. ISBN 92-2-113105-X. 782gm

These are the papers and proceedings from theninth regional seminar whose theme was,towards appropriate engineering practices and anenabling environment. The proceedings coverthe summaries of the issues that were discussedduring the group discussions and in plenary, aswell as issues emanating from the site visits.Various papers were presented and these havebeen grouped into four main themes which are:social, contracting, institutional and technical.Both the proceedings and papers are alsoavailable in digital format.Ref. No. 043-002400 (Proceedings) $10.00Ref. No. 022-110037 (Papers) $15.00

Workshop on technology choice in civilengineering, University of Nairobi, Nairobi,12th – 16th March 1989CTP 134. ILO. 1989. 94pp. 255gmCTP 134. ILO. 1989. 94pp. 255gmCTP 134. ILO. 1989. 94pp. 255gmCTP 134. ILO. 1989. 94pp. 255gmCTP 134. ILO. 1989. 94pp. 255gm

Proceedings of a workshop held as part of aninitiative by the ILO to create a partnership withuniversities to review and discuss technology

choice and local resource utilisation in civilengineering, and their introduction into civilengineering curricula at undergraduate level.Ref. No. 043-001534 $11.00

Soil and water conservationThis section lists publications that provide usefulguidelines on the use of labour-based techniquesfor the construction and maintenance of varioussoil and water conservation control measures.

Soil conservation project design andimplementation using labour intensivetechniquesBernard Leblond and Laurent Guerin

ILO. Second impression 1988. 216pp.ILO. Second impression 1988. 216pp.ILO. Second impression 1988. 216pp.ILO. Second impression 1988. 216pp.ILO. Second impression 1988. 216pp.ISBN 92-2-103395-3. 480gm (Also available in French)ISBN 92-2-103395-3. 480gm (Also available in French)ISBN 92-2-103395-3. 480gm (Also available in French)ISBN 92-2-103395-3. 480gm (Also available in French)ISBN 92-2-103395-3. 480gm (Also available in French)

Reviews the basics of different types of erosionand focuses on control measures makingintensive use of unskilled labour and communityparticipation, standard methods for the designand planning of projects and finally guidelines forsite organisation, operation and supervision. Thismanual, with its emphasis on a practicalapproach to the subject, has been written mainlyfor national planners, senior engineers andtechnicians who must establish and execute soilconservation programmes.Ref. No. MIS-009622 POA

Vetiver grass: The hedge against erosionThe World Bank. Third Edition, 1990. 88pp. 70gmThe World Bank. Third Edition, 1990. 88pp. 70gmThe World Bank. Third Edition, 1990. 88pp. 70gmThe World Bank. Third Edition, 1990. 88pp. 70gmThe World Bank. Third Edition, 1990. 88pp. 70gm

Vetiver grass is the ideal plant for a vegetativesystem of soil and moisture conservation. It canbe used to form contour hedges in both rainfedand irrigated farming situations. Indian farmershave been using it effectively for over twohundred years. Since 1987, it has been testedwidely in Africa and in Asia. This bookletexplains in detail the principles and practices ofestablishing vetiver hedges.Ref. No. 043-000693 POA

Technology choiceWhen considering the adoption of any newtechnology, the first question is: will it work inyour particular case? Every country has its ownparticular economic circumstances and technicalrequirements that have to be taken into account.These titles set out procedures for looking at thebroader issues and making decisions on whetherand how to proceed with introducing labour-based methods.



Expanding labor-based methods in roadworks in AfricaElisabeth A. Stock and Jan de Veen

World Bank Technical Paper No. 347. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 347. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 347. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 347. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 347. The WorldBank. 1996. 80pp. 215gmBank. 1996. 80pp. 215gmBank. 1996. 80pp. 215gmBank. 1996. 80pp. 215gmBank. 1996. 80pp. 215gm

Although labour-based methods have proved tobe a cost-effective alternative to equipment-based methods in many low-wage Sub-Saharan Africancountries, these methods have not always beenapplied on a large scale. The World Bank RuralTravel and Transport study revealed two keyreforms that are necessary to mainstream labour-based programs which have not received theattention they require. These are improvedfinancial management procedures andstrengthening stakeholders’ support. This paperpresents and assesses a number of models thatmay be applied to establish suitable deliverymechanisms to facilitate the expansion andsustainability of labour-based methods, whileaddressing these reforms.Ref. No. 1AF-042107 POA

Labor-based construction programmes: Apractical guide for planning andmanagementB. Coukis

The World Bank. 1983. 374pp. ISBN 19-561512-3.The World Bank. 1983. 374pp. ISBN 19-561512-3.The World Bank. 1983. 374pp. ISBN 19-561512-3.The World Bank. 1983. 374pp. ISBN 19-561512-3.The World Bank. 1983. 374pp. ISBN 19-561512-3.980gm980gm980gm980gm980gm

A guide to the planning, designing andimplementation of labour-based constructionprogrammes. A practical, detailed and wellillustrated manual covering all aspects of thetechnology, from the inception and planning; thesite engineering, management andadministration, to the practical detail of theconstruction activities, handtools, andproductivity data. This guide is a synthesis of tenyears of research and field work in nine countriesby World Bank staff and associates, and is aseminal work.Ref. No. 043-000249 $39.00*

*This publication is out of print. ASIST haspermission to photocopy the document. The pricequoted is for a photocopy.

Road maintenance: Options forimprovementG. A. Edmonds and J. J. de Veen

CTP 13. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1982.CTP 13. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1982.CTP 13. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1982.CTP 13. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1982.CTP 13. World Employment Programme. ILO. 1982.66pp. 200gm66pp. 200gm66pp. 200gm66pp. 200gm66pp. 200gm

Describes a methodology for assessing the costs,effectiveness and viability of various roadmaintenance systems in African countries.Alternative approaches to road maintenance aredescribed. The cost effectiveness of existingmaintenance systems is analysed. A case studycomparing the equipment-based maintenancesystem for the minor roads in Kenya with the

labour-based methodology adopted by the KenyaRural Access Roads Programme is given. Thefinal chapter discusses the issue of maintenancefinancing and organisation in relation to theeconomics of different countries.Ref. No. 043-000019 $8.00

Rural roads in Sub-Saharan Africa:Lessons from World Bank experienceJ. Riverson, J. Gaviria and S. Thriscutt

World Bank Technical Paper No. 141. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 141. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 141. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 141. The WorldWorld Bank Technical Paper No. 141. The WorldBank. 1991. 58pp. ISSN 0253-7494. 155gmBank. 1991. 58pp. ISSN 0253-7494. 155gmBank. 1991. 58pp. ISSN 0253-7494. 155gmBank. 1991. 58pp. ISSN 0253-7494. 155gmBank. 1991. 58pp. ISSN 0253-7494. 155gm

Reviews the World Bank’s experience and lessonslearned from 127 rural road projects carried outsince 1964 in Sub-Sahara Africa, under the mainheadings of, planning, design and institutionalperformance. Stresses the need to develop acoherent rural road strategy and technology,resource mobilisation and sectoral organisationand support for institutional capacity in eachcountry.Ref. No. 043-000533 POA

Technology choice for the constructionand maintenance of roads in developingcountries: Developments and guidelinesG. Edmonds and J. de Veen


A succinct introduction to the choices involved inintroducing labour-based methods for theconstruction and maintenance of rural roads.Looks at private sector involvement, contractordevelopment, the development of intermediateequipment for labour-based roadworks, thefactors affecting technology choice and the issuesin the establishment of labour-basedprogrammes. It also includes a well testeddecision making matrix to help with programmedesign from preliminary studies through to fullscale implementation.Ref. No. 043-000164 $4.00

Technology choice in civil engineeringpractice: Experience in the road sectorJohn D. G. F. Howe and Han Bantje

CTP 141. ILO. 1995. 98pp. ISBN 92-2-109966-0.CTP 141. ILO. 1995. 98pp. ISBN 92-2-109966-0.CTP 141. ILO. 1995. 98pp. ISBN 92-2-109966-0.CTP 141. ILO. 1995. 98pp. ISBN 92-2-109966-0.CTP 141. ILO. 1995. 98pp. ISBN 92-2-109966-0.325gm325gm325gm325gm325gm

Provides an in-depth discussion on the topic of“choice of technology” within the roadengineering sector. Explores low-cost methods forroad construction and maintenance that are bothtechnically and economically viable and efficient,and which also generate important socialbenefits. The document comprises two parts. Thefirst explores the concept of choice of technologyfrom a theoretical perspective, drawing togetherdifferent interpretations of the concepts oftechnology and decision-making, and theirinteractions. The second part considers thedevelopment of choice of technology within a key



civil engineering sector, road engineering, towhich considerable effort has been applied toinfluence the process.Ref. No. 043-001774 $11.50

The problems facing labor-based roadprograms and what to do about them:Evidence from GhanaElisabeth A. Stock

SSATP Working paper No. 24. The World Bank; ECA.SSATP Working paper No. 24. The World Bank; ECA.SSATP Working paper No. 24. The World Bank; ECA.SSATP Working paper No. 24. The World Bank; ECA.SSATP Working paper No. 24. The World Bank; ECA.1996. 44pp. 160gm1996. 44pp. 160gm1996. 44pp. 160gm1996. 44pp. 160gm1996. 44pp. 160gm

The use of labour-based methods for roadworkshas been an important aspect of the strategy toimprove rural transport infrastructure in Africafor the past 25 years. Although the benefits arewidely recognised, contractors have beenreluctant to use them. This document reports ona study of the Ghanaian experience with labour-based methods and shows that the success oflabour-based programmes hinges on theexistence of a conducive market structure,targeting small contractors for training andpaying them on time. The findings of the studyindicate that without these requirements beingaddressed, the use of labour-based methods islikely to be unsustainable.Ref. No. GHA-026037 POA

Tools and equipmentAppropriate and properly designed tools andequipment greatly affect the productivity oflabour-based works. The following documentscover design specifications, and productivity anddurability of various tools and equipment used inlabour-based activities.

Better tools for the job. Specifications forhand tools and equipmentW. Armstrong


Provides specifications and drawings for handtools and equipment developed in connectionwith the Kenya Rural Access Roads Programme.Presents practical and manageable informationand drawings which can be used commercially forbuying, inspecting, and testing hand tools forlabour-based roadworks.Ref. No. 043-000598 $7.00

Designs and specifications for astandard trailer and hitch for labour-basedworksJim Hamper and David Mason et al

Technical Brief No. 1. Third (revised) edition. ILO/Technical Brief No. 1. Third (revised) edition. ILO/Technical Brief No. 1. Third (revised) edition. ILO/Technical Brief No. 1. Third (revised) edition. ILO/Technical Brief No. 1. Third (revised) edition. ILO/ASIST Nairobi, Kenya. 1997. 37pp. 135gmASIST Nairobi, Kenya. 1997. 37pp. 135gmASIST Nairobi, Kenya. 1997. 37pp. 135gmASIST Nairobi, Kenya. 1997. 37pp. 135gmASIST Nairobi, Kenya. 1997. 37pp. 135gm

Gives full technical specifications and drawingsfor a standard design for a three cubic metretrailer and hitch developed under the KenyaMinor Roads Programme. Describes keyfeatures of the trailer and provides a sample ofdetails that should be included in a contractdocument for manufacturing trailers to ensurea good quality product is obtained.Recommendations of the type of tractor thatshould be used with the trailer are alsoincluded.Ref. No. 043-002334 $5.50

Données types sur les besoins de main-d’oeuvre dans les programmes spéciaux detravaux publicsILO. 1984. 268pp. ISBN 92-2-203711-1. 625gm (InILO. 1984. 268pp. ISBN 92-2-203711-1. 625gm (InILO. 1984. 268pp. ISBN 92-2-203711-1. 625gm (InILO. 1984. 268pp. ISBN 92-2-203711-1. 625gm (InILO. 1984. 268pp. ISBN 92-2-203711-1. 625gm (InFrench only)French only)French only)French only)French only)

A catalogue of tools and equipment for labour-based public works, with specifications anddrawings.Ref. No. 043-001229 $13.50

Guide to tools and equipment forlabour-based road constructionILO. 1981. 542pp. ISBN 92-2-102539-X. 1215gmILO. 1981. 542pp. ISBN 92-2-102539-X. 1215gmILO. 1981. 542pp. ISBN 92-2-102539-X. 1215gmILO. 1981. 542pp. ISBN 92-2-102539-X. 1215gmILO. 1981. 542pp. ISBN 92-2-102539-X. 1215gm

A practical guide providing specifications forhand tools, methods for testing various tools,design and manufacturing instructions andinformation on correct tool handling andmaintenance. Useful for those responsible forplanning and managing labour-based roadprojects.Ref. No. 043-000162 $50.00



Heavy duty wheelbarrow for labour-based infrastructure works. An illustratedstep-by-step guide to its constructionTechnical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 18pp.Technical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 18pp.Technical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 18pp.Technical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 18pp.Technical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 18pp.45gm45gm45gm45gm45gm

Wheelbarrows are one of the most importanttools used in labour-based infrastructureconstruction and maintenance. This bookletpresents a step-by-step guide for the constructionof each component. This improved wheelbarrowis designed to be durable, easy to handle and,most importantly, it can be made using locallyavailable materials in a simple workshop. Itsconsiderably extended life span can help reduceoverall construction costs.Ref. No. MIS-009557 $2.00

Heavy duty wheelbarrow jigs andfixtures for batch production. An illustratedguideTechnical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 8pp. 15gmTechnical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 8pp. 15gmTechnical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 8pp. 15gmTechnical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 8pp. 15gmTechnical Brief No. 7. ILO/ASIST. 1997. 8pp. 15gm

This booklet accompanies the wheelbarrowconstruction booklet and is intended for use bythose who wish to produce the wheelbarrow inquantity. It provides suggested designs for arange of jigs, which can be used to producecomponents for the wheelbarrow quickly andaccurately.Ref. No. MIS-009570 $1.00

Intermediate equipment for labour-based roadworks. Accra, Ghana. 19th –20th April 1996. Workshop report. MARTWorking Paper No. 5MART; ILO/ASIST; Department of Feeder Roads,MART; ILO/ASIST; Department of Feeder Roads,MART; ILO/ASIST; Department of Feeder Roads,MART; ILO/ASIST; Department of Feeder Roads,MART; ILO/ASIST; Department of Feeder Roads,Ghana. 1996. 30pp. ISBN 1-900930-05-6. 115gmGhana. 1996. 30pp. ISBN 1-900930-05-6. 115gmGhana. 1996. 30pp. ISBN 1-900930-05-6. 115gmGhana. 1996. 30pp. ISBN 1-900930-05-6. 115gmGhana. 1996. 30pp. ISBN 1-900930-05-6. 115gm

A report of a workshop held to review the currentsituation and further development needs forintermediate technology equipment for labour-based roadworks. Lists the main outcomes of theworkshop, i.e. the key issues identified asinfluencing the availability, cost and performanceof intermediate equipment; and the status ofavailable information on selected categories ofhigh priority equipment (for haulage,compaction, structures and other); the areas thatrequire further research and actions required forfurther development.Ref. No. RES-017013 POA

Pilot project on labour-based roadconstruction and maintenance in Thailand:Tools and equipment for labour-based roadconstructionLars Karlsson


This project was able to draw on the

manufacturing expertise of small-scaleworkshops and factories to produce manyinnovative designs and prototypes to facilitatelabour-based methods of construction. All toolsand equipment were tested by the University ofChulalongkorn. This document summarises theexperience with diagrams and specifications.Ref. No. 1AS-043038 $11.00

Pilot project on labour-based road construction and maintenance in Thailand:Compaction by labour compatibleequipmentLars Karlsson


Suitable compaction equipment for labour-basedequipment is a continuing problem. Thiscompanion volume to CTP 63 concentrates on anumber of trials on alternative types oflightweight equipment and givesrecommendations for items suitable for animal orpower-tiller haulage.Ref. No. 1AS-043048 $6.50

Productivity and durability of traditionaland improved hand tools for civilconstructionJ. de Veen, J. Boardman, J. Capt


Reports on research carried out to test theperformance of four traditional and improvedhand tools, the hoe, forked hoe, pick-axe andshovel. The research results show thatinvestment in good quality, well designed handtools is justified in terms of increasedproductivity and durability. The laboratory andfield tests carried out to monitor the performanceof the tools are described.Ref. No. 043-000150 $13.50

Tools and equipment for labour-basedworks. Bibliography of reports and studiesMarit Due Langaas


An annotated bibliography of some reports andstudies on tools and equipment in labour-basedworks. The list comprises reports held by theEmployment-Intensive Investment Branch of theILO in Geneva, and does not represent acomplete list of documentation in the area oftools and equipment.Ref. No. 081-007014 $3.50



TrainingThe successful introduction and implementationof labour-based projects and programmesrequires personnel with the right knowledge,skill and attitude towards the technology.Training at all levels of the programme is anessential prerequisite. Numerous trainingmanuals, guides and material have beendeveloped for different target groups throughdifferent projects. The following list presents aselection of some of the available relevanttraining materials for a variety of infrastrucutreand their works.

Community water supply: A communityparticipation training element for SPWPuser beneficiariesSpecial Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1987. 93pp. ISBN 92-2-105943-X. 275gm (AlsoUNDP. 1987. 93pp. ISBN 92-2-105943-X. 275gm (AlsoUNDP. 1987. 93pp. ISBN 92-2-105943-X. 275gm (AlsoUNDP. 1987. 93pp. ISBN 92-2-105943-X. 275gm (AlsoUNDP. 1987. 93pp. ISBN 92-2-105943-X. 275gm (Alsoavailable in French)available in French)available in French)available in French)available in French)

This simple and brief manual is intended forcommunity-based training in the use andmaintenance of water supply projects. Covers thebasics from the benefits of improved watersupply, health and sanitation aspects to the typesof water supply schemes commonly found. Themanual presents a starting point for localdiscussions and action, and should be tailored tothe specific community where the manual isbeing used. Each section starts of with notes toguide the discussion leader followed by coursenotes.Ref. No. 062-003743 POA

Illustrated training elements andtechnical elements for personnel in labour-intensive works programmes

Anti-erosion ditches. Booklet No. 1 andtrainer’s copySpecial Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1984. Booklet: 80pp; 230gm. Trainer’s copy:UNDP. 1984. Booklet: 80pp; 230gm. Trainer’s copy:UNDP. 1984. Booklet: 80pp; 230gm. Trainer’s copy:UNDP. 1984. Booklet: 80pp; 230gm. Trainer’s copy:UNDP. 1984. Booklet: 80pp; 230gm. Trainer’s copy:78pp. 255gm (Also available in French)78pp. 255gm (Also available in French)78pp. 255gm (Also available in French)78pp. 255gm (Also available in French)78pp. 255gm (Also available in French)Ref. No. 062-003730 (Booklet) POARef. No. 062-003731 (Trainer’s copy) POA

Stone masonry. Booklet No. 2Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1991. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-106465-4. 245gm (AlsoUNDP. 1991. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-106465-4. 245gm (AlsoUNDP. 1991. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-106465-4. 245gm (AlsoUNDP. 1991. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-106465-4. 245gm (AlsoUNDP. 1991. 83pp. ISBN 92-2-106465-4. 245gm (Alsoavailable in French)available in French)available in French)available in French)available in French)Ref. No. 062-003732 POA

Gabions. Booklet No. 3 and trainer’s copySpecial Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1986. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.UNDP. 1986. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.UNDP. 1986. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.UNDP. 1986. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.UNDP. 1986. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 55pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 55pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 55pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 55pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 55pp. ISBN 92-2-105362-8.175gm (Also available in French)175gm (Also available in French)175gm (Also available in French)175gm (Also available in French)175gm (Also available in French)

Ref. No. 062-003734 (Booklet) POARef. No. 062-003735 (Trainer’s copy) POA

Gully correction. Booklet No. 4 and trainer’scopySpecial Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1985. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105146-3.UNDP. 1985. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105146-3.UNDP. 1985. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105146-3.UNDP. 1985. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105146-3.UNDP. 1985. Booklet: 58pp. ISBN 92-2-105146-3.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 64pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 64pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 64pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 64pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5.160gm; Trainer’s copy: 64pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5.170gm (Also available in French)170gm (Also available in French)170gm (Also available in French)170gm (Also available in French)170gm (Also available in French)Ref. No. 062-003736 POARef. No. 062-003737 POA

Small earth dams. Booklet No. 5Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1988. 100pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5. 255gm (AlsoUNDP. 1988. 100pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5. 255gm (AlsoUNDP. 1988. 100pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5. 255gm (AlsoUNDP. 1988. 100pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5. 255gm (AlsoUNDP. 1988. 100pp. ISBN 92-2105145-5. 255gm (Alsoavailable in French)available in French)available in French)available in French)available in French)Ref. No. 062-003738 POATree nurseries. Booklet No. 6Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1989. 134pp. ISBN 92-2-106439-5. 375gmUNDP. 1989. 134pp. ISBN 92-2-106439-5. 375gmUNDP. 1989. 134pp. ISBN 92-2-106439-5. 375gmUNDP. 1989. 134pp. ISBN 92-2-106439-5. 375gmUNDP. 1989. 134pp. ISBN 92-2-106439-5. 375gm(Also available in French)(Also available in French)(Also available in French)(Also available in French)Ref. No. 062-003740 POA

Planting techniques. Booklet No. 7 andtrainer’s copySpecial Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 38pp. ISBN 92-2-105364-4.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 38pp. ISBN 92-2-105364-4.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 38pp. ISBN 92-2-105364-4.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 38pp. ISBN 92-2-105364-4.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 38pp. ISBN 92-2-105364-4.50gm; Trainer’s copy: 44pp. ISBN 92-2-105365-2.50gm; Trainer’s copy: 44pp. ISBN 92-2-105365-2.50gm; Trainer’s copy: 44pp. ISBN 92-2-105365-2.50gm; Trainer’s copy: 44pp. ISBN 92-2-105365-2.50gm; Trainer’s copy: 44pp. ISBN 92-2-105365-2.45gm (Also available in French)45gm (Also available in French)45gm (Also available in French)45gm (Also available in French)45gm (Also available in French)Ref. No. 062-003714 (Booklet) POARef. No. 062-003712 (Trainer’s copy) POA

Stone-paving blocks: Quarrying, cutting anddressing. Booklet No. 8Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 54pp. ISBN 92-2-106421-2.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 54pp. ISBN 92-2-106421-2.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 54pp. ISBN 92-2-106421-2.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 54pp. ISBN 92-2-106421-2.UNDP. 1989. Booklet: 54pp. ISBN 92-2-106421-2.155gm (Also available in French)155gm (Also available in French)155gm (Also available in French)155gm (Also available in French)155gm (Also available in French)Ref. No. 062-003760 POA

Paves de roche: Mise en oeuvre, entretien etorganisation des chantiers. Booklet No. 9Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;Special Public Works Programme (SPWP) ILO;UNDP. 1992. 106pp. ISBN 92-2-206469-0. 190gmUNDP. 1992. 106pp. ISBN 92-2-206469-0. 190gmUNDP. 1992. 106pp. ISBN 92-2-206469-0. 190gmUNDP. 1992. 106pp. ISBN 92-2-206469-0. 190gmUNDP. 1992. 106pp. ISBN 92-2-206469-0. 190gm(Available only in French)(Available only in French)(Available only in French)(Available only in French)(Available only in French)Ref. No. 062-000352 POA

A series of illustrated training booklets andtechnical guides developed to train and assistfield personnel to make maximum use of non-skilled labour, locally available constructionmaterials and simple, easily-assimilatedtechnology in programmes of infrastructureconstruction. The texts are easy to follow andhighlighted with numerous illustrations. Somebooklets include specific guidelines to trainersand practical exercises. The series is well suitedto a variety of training situations, includingclassroom training, workshops, on-the jobtraining exercises and for use as a reference byfield technicians and workers.



Trainer’s toolbox of trainingtechniquesDavid J. Mason

ILO/ASIST. Second edition. 1995. 72pp. 185gmILO/ASIST. Second edition. 1995. 72pp. 185gmILO/ASIST. Second edition. 1995. 72pp. 185gmILO/ASIST. Second edition. 1995. 72pp. 185gmILO/ASIST. Second edition. 1995. 72pp. 185gm

A compendium of training techniques. Describesthe techniques and how to apply them. Developedfor the Kisii Training Centre’s InternationalTraining of Trainers Course for labour-basedprogrammes.Ref. No. 062-003863 $8.50

Urban infrastructure development

As we enter the new millennium it is apparentthat Africa is no longer a rural environment.Some countries now have up to half theirpopulations living in urban or peri-urbanenvironments, often in appalling conditions. Asiaand South America have been tackling theseproblems for many years, and the solution ofassisting the communities themselves to improvetheir lot is now a proven approach. The followingtitles focus on the use of local resources andlabour-based technologies for urbaninfrastructure development and maintenance,and the creation of employment for urban low-income communities.

Community-based contracting: A review ofstakeholder experienceSamantha de Silva

The International Bank for Reconstruction andThe International Bank for Reconstruction andThe International Bank for Reconstruction andThe International Bank for Reconstruction andThe International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment, The World Bank. 2000. 32pp 123gmDevelopment, The World Bank. 2000. 32pp 123gmDevelopment, The World Bank. 2000. 32pp 123gmDevelopment, The World Bank. 2000. 32pp 123gmDevelopment, The World Bank. 2000. 32pp 123gm

This paper reviews the findings of a series ofconsultation with World Bank task teams, projectand social fund staff, community representatives,local government officials, service providers(suppliers, NGOs, etc.) and contractors who workon community-managed projects. It presents asynthesis of lessons learned, good practiceprocedures, constraints and possible solution.The paper is the result of very preliminaryinvestigations of community contracting as it isconducted in the Bank.Ref. No. MIS-049029 POA

Community-based solid wastemanagement and water supply projects.Problems and solutions compared: Asurvey of the literatureJustine Anschutz

Working Document 2. Urban Waste ExpertiseWorking Document 2. Urban Waste ExpertiseWorking Document 2. Urban Waste ExpertiseWorking Document 2. Urban Waste ExpertiseWorking Document 2. Urban Waste ExpertiseProgramme (UWEP). Gouda, The Netherlands. MayProgramme (UWEP). Gouda, The Netherlands. MayProgramme (UWEP). Gouda, The Netherlands. MayProgramme (UWEP). Gouda, The Netherlands. MayProgramme (UWEP). Gouda, The Netherlands. May1996. 103pp. 295gm1996. 103pp. 295gm1996. 103pp. 295gm1996. 103pp. 295gm1996. 103pp. 295gm

This literature review analyses the experiencefrom community-based water supply and solidwaste management projects. The focus of thereview is on social and management problems ofboth kinds of projects and ways to solve them.The main hypothesis of the study has been thatcommunity participation and communitymanagement experiences from the water sectorare relevant for the solid waste sector. The studycompares and seeks to draw on solutions toproblems from water supply projects that may beapplicable to community based solid wastemanagement projects.Ref. No. 047-008099 POA

Community contracts in urbaninfrastructure works - Practical lessonsfrom experienceJane Tournee and Wilma van Esch

ILO/ASIST. 2001. 113pp. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 113pp. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 113pp. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 113pp. ILO/ASIST. 2001. 113pp. ISBN 92-2-ISBN 92-2-ISBN 92-2-ISBN 92-2-ISBN 92-2-ISBN 92-2-112408-8. 434 gmISBN 92-2-112408-8. 434 gmISBN 92-2-112408-8. 434 gmISBN 92-2-112408-8. 434 gmISBN 92-2-112408-8. 434 gm

This reprinted working paper addresses thedevelopment and use of community contracts forinfrastructure provision and up-grading inunplanned urban settlements. Many of theconcepts presented in this paper may beapplicable to rural programmes, however theobject is to address the special conditions relatedto the use of community contracts for urbaninfrastructure works. The paper is based



primarily on experience gained and lessons learnsfrom two pilot projects in Hanna Nassif in Dar esSalaam, Tanzania and Kalerwe in Kampala,Uganda. The paper provides interested parties, inparticular field workers, project managers,technicians and community animators withinformation on the practical application ofcommunity contracts for the execution ofinfrastructure works in urban low-income and/orunplanned settlements. Issues addressed includeinstitutional set-up in community contracting,the community as contracting authority andcontractor, type of contracts, payment, profit,role of the municipality and of technicalassistance. It presents step-by-step guidelines onthe setting up of a community contractingsystem.Ref. No. 047-008398 POA

Community initiatives in urbaninfrastructureA.P. Cotton, M. Sohail and W. K. Taylor

WEDC, Loughborough University. 1998. 105pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 1998. 105pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 1998. 105pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 1998. 105pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 1998. 105pp.

ISBN 0-906055-56-3. 180gmISBN 0-906055-56-3. 180gmISBN 0-906055-56-3. 180gmISBN 0-906055-56-3. 180gmISBN 0-906055-56-3. 180gm

The book explores the possible roles ofcommunities in the procurement ofinfrastructure; i) as a ‘promoter’ if thecommunity pays (part of) the costs; ii) as‘engineer’ if it is involved in supervision,monitoring and quality control; and iii) as‘contractor’ if it undertakes the provision andmanagement of the construction itself. Thevarious roles the government can play in theprocurement process are also described.Normally, governments tender out constructionto registered contractors. However, contracts canalso be awarded to NGOs, CBOs, cooperativesand others. This is often made difficult by rigidgovernment procedures. However, theexperiences of 390 projects in Asia have shownthat this approach can be cost-effective andproduce results to the specified standards.Communities can also upgrade infrastructurewithout government involvement, though withtechnical guidance. For the role of thecommunity and the role of government, the bookprovides guidelines for agreements, procedures,and contracts to procure infrastructure. Theseguidelines give a very useful overview of therequired steps and choices. The book ends bygiving 30 examples from Asia of communityparticipation in procuring infrastructure.Ref. No. 047-008359 $30.00Available online at: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/wedc/pmmc/contents.htm

Community-based urban upgrading:What are the issues?Eric Lyby


A paper dealing with community based urbanupgrading and the issues affecting urban works.Ref. No. 047-008011 $1.50



Double standards, single purpose:Reforming housing regulations to reducepovertySaad Yahya, Elijah Agevi, Lucky Lowe, et.alITDG Publishing. 2001. 178pp. ISBN 1-8533-9-525-0.ITDG Publishing. 2001. 178pp. ISBN 1-8533-9-525-0.ITDG Publishing. 2001. 178pp. ISBN 1-8533-9-525-0.ITDG Publishing. 2001. 178pp. ISBN 1-8533-9-525-0.ITDG Publishing. 2001. 178pp. ISBN 1-8533-9-525-0.325gm325gm325gm325gm325gm

This book provides development workers,planners and decision makers with informationand advice on the revision of housing standardsat national, local and project levels. Based on theexperience of ITDG and supported by aninternational literature survey and a wide rangeof case studies, the authors described the sheltercontext, the particular place of standards,regulations and procedures, as well as currentthinking and approaches to their revision. Theygo on to explore recent revisions of housingstandards in Kenya and Zimbabwe, their impactand lessons learned for future reviews.Ref. No. 047-008414 POA

Environmental limits to motorization: Non-motorised transport in developed anddeveloping countriesUrs Heierli

SKAT/DEH-SDC/Development Alternatives. 1993.SKAT/DEH-SDC/Development Alternatives. 1993.SKAT/DEH-SDC/Development Alternatives. 1993.SKAT/DEH-SDC/Development Alternatives. 1993.SKAT/DEH-SDC/Development Alternatives. 1993.212pp. ISBN 3-908001-41-2. 385gm212pp. ISBN 3-908001-41-2. 385gm212pp. ISBN 3-908001-41-2. 385gm212pp. ISBN 3-908001-41-2. 385gm212pp. ISBN 3-908001-41-2. 385gm

Examines the use of non-motorised transport asa major component in a new strategy for urbantransport in both developed and developingcountries. Documents case studies from bothdeveloped and developing countries. Aims atshowing the urgent need to look at sustainabletransport policies adapted to each country.Ref. No. 020-009035 $35.00

From want to work: Job creation for theurban poorEric Lyby


A practical guide dealing with issues involved increating employment opportunities for the urbanpoor via labour-based infrastructure constructionprogrammes. Addresses employment and urbanpoverty, local resource utilisation, institutionalframeworks for creating an enablingenvironment, and pilot project design. Draws onthe experiences and lessons learnt from projectsin Africa and Asia.Ref. No. 047-008062 $9.00

Improving income and housing:Employment generation in low-incomesettlementsHabitat. 1989. 75pp. ISBN 92-1-131110-0. 155gmHabitat. 1989. 75pp. ISBN 92-1-131110-0. 155gmHabitat. 1989. 75pp. ISBN 92-1-131110-0. 155gmHabitat. 1989. 75pp. ISBN 92-1-131110-0. 155gmHabitat. 1989. 75pp. ISBN 92-1-131110-0. 155gm

Examines the relationship between incomegeneration and human settlements by focusing

on areas where intervention might benefit thedevelopment of both improved shelter andincome-generating activities. Has chapters on thepotential for income generation and employmentgeneration in the construction and building-materials sector, the possibilities for promotingincome-generating activities in humansettlement, and opportunities for employmentgeneration in the provision and maintenance ofbasic urban services. It concludes with a chapterexamining the institutional support mechanismsrequired to implement the proposed strategicresponses.Ref. No. 047-008019 $15.00

International training course forengineers and town planners: Sustainablecommunity-managed and labour basedupgrading of low income settlements.Jan Fransen and Hamish Goldie Scot

Handbook for town planners and engineersILO/ASIST. 2000. 175pp. 245gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 175pp. 245gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 175pp. 245gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 175pp. 245gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 175pp. 245gm

WorkbookILO/ASIST. 2000. 25pp. 80gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 25pp. 80gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 25pp. 80gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 25pp. 80gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 25pp. 80gm

Trainer’s notesILO/ASIST. 2000. 82pp. 485gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 82pp. 485gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 82pp. 485gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 82pp. 485gmILO/ASIST. 2000. 82pp. 485gm

This three-week course is developed for engineersand planners responsible for infrastructureprovision and services in urban low-incomesettlements. Participants learn to appreciate therelevance and value of community managementof urban infrastructure projects. They alsoaquire, through practical assignments in workinggroups, some of the skills needed to follow thisapproach, in particular to:.plan and design appropriate engineeringsolutions to upgrade urban low-incomesettlements.work in partnership with local communities.manage community contracts and awardcontracts to small-scale local contractors.design appropriate maintenance strategies withthe community.plan and design labour-based construction andmaintenance works.

The trainers notes are intended for course guidesand lecturers and consist of the following:description of classroom session, notes on projectassignment, course management andadministration, powerpoint presentations.

The workbook guides participants through aproject a project formulation exercise. Thehandbook provides a concise overview of keyprinciples of community-managed and labour



based upgrading of low income settlements andcan be used as a reference source seperately fromthe course.Ref. No. 047-047043 (Handbook) POARef. No. 047- 047042 (Workbook) POARef. No. 047-047044 (Trainer’s notes) POA

Jobs from housing: Employment, buildingmaterials, and enabling strategies forurban developmentRobin Spence, Jill Well and Eric Dudley

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 160pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 160pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 160pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 160pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1993. 160pp.ISBN 1-85339-2-2-X. 385gmISBN 1-85339-2-2-X. 385gmISBN 1-85339-2-2-X. 385gmISBN 1-85339-2-2-X. 385gmISBN 1-85339-2-2-X. 385gm

Examines the processes and the problems ofincome generation through housing. Looks at thepresent state of housing, the expected futuredemands and the processes by which housing iscreated. Considers the roles of the buildingindustry, the building material manufacturersand the informal sector in creating wealth andincome through housing activity. Recommendsspecific actions for governments and aid agenciesto assist in stimulating economic activity, tocreate employment and to improve the supply ofbuilding materials. The book focuses on urbanhousing.Ref. No. 048-008078 $23.00

Low-cost sanitation. A survey of practicalexperienceJohn Pickford


Provides a guide to what has been learned aboutproviding sanitation coverage for both rural andurban low-income communities, and outlineswhat is appropriate, practical and acceptable.Examines health, social and cultural aspects andpreferences in diverse regions of the world.Provides sanitation alternatives in terms oftechnical efficiency and also in light of culturalacceptability. The final part of the book dealswith the practical, financial and organisationalconsiderations of obtaining or upgradingsanitation provision, the emphasis being firmlyon the community and its needs and preferences.Ref. No. 047-008245 $16.00

Low-cost sewerageDuncan Mara (ed)

John Wiley. 1966. 255pp. ISBN 0-47-96691-6.John Wiley. 1966. 255pp. ISBN 0-47-96691-6.John Wiley. 1966. 255pp. ISBN 0-47-96691-6.John Wiley. 1966. 255pp. ISBN 0-47-96691-6.John Wiley. 1966. 255pp. ISBN 0-47-96691-6.

455gm455gm455gm455gm455gm

This book provides practical solutions to thesanitation needs of low-income areas. It alsodescribes low-cost sewerage technologies andtheir applications in both developed anddeveloping countries. The book contains 15chapters, 14 of which are papers presented at theInternational Conference on Low-Cost Sewerage

held in 1995. The last chapter contains theconference conclusion, which is mainly to spreadthe word on ‘low-cost sewer system animportant technology which is cost-effective inmany situations’.Ref. 047-008338 $ 32.00

Low-cost urban sanitationDuncan Mara

John Wiley & Sons. 1996. 240pp. ISBN 0-471-96163-9.John Wiley & Sons. 1996. 240pp. ISBN 0-471-96163-9.John Wiley & Sons. 1996. 240pp. ISBN 0-471-96163-9.John Wiley & Sons. 1996. 240pp. ISBN 0-471-96163-9.John Wiley & Sons. 1996. 240pp. ISBN 0-471-96163-9.360gm360gm360gm360gm360gm

This book covers the public health, technical,socio-economic, socio-cultural and institutionalaspects of sanitation in towns and cities ofdeveloping countries. The text features excreta-related diseases and the use of sanitation toreduce their transmission.

The sanitation technologies covered in detailare VIP latrines, pour-flush toilets, septic tanks,settled sewerage and simplified sewerage, withadditional chapters on sullage disposal, pitemptying and sewerage treatment and reuse.

Socio-cultural constraints on sanitationsystems and their socio-economic costing aredescribed, together with hygiene education,which is essential in order to achieve maximumbenefits to health. The text also explains how tochoose the most appropriate sanitation option fora given low-income community.

Finally, institutional aspects are reviewed,including effective sanitation programmeplanning, monitoring and evaluation.Ref. No. 047-008385 $42.50

Municipal solid waste managementinvolving micro-and small enterprises:Guidelines for municipal managersHans Christiaan Haan, Adrian Coad and Inge Lardinois

Waste, GTZ, ILO, SKAT. 1998. 164pp.Waste, GTZ, ILO, SKAT. 1998. 164pp.Waste, GTZ, ILO, SKAT. 1998. 164pp.Waste, GTZ, ILO, SKAT. 1998. 164pp.Waste, GTZ, ILO, SKAT. 1998. 164pp.ISBN 92-9049-365-8. 335gmISBN 92-9049-365-8. 335gmISBN 92-9049-365-8. 335gmISBN 92-9049-365-8. 335gmISBN 92-9049-365-8. 335gm

This book is for managers, engineers andadministrators who have some responsibility formunicipal solid waste management, and who arelooking for ways to improve the service oreconomise. It covers the “Why?” and “How?” ofinvolving new entrepreneurs and smallcommunity-based groups in the collection of solidwastes (garbage) from streets, homes andbusinesses. The book is primarily concerned withsituations found in middle- and lower- incomecountries, and draws extensively on experiencesin Latin America, South East Asia and Africa.Ref. No. 047-008386 $20.00



Organised small-scale self-help housingMario Rodríguez and Jonny Åstrand

Building Issues, Volume 8, No. 4, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 4, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 4, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 4, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 4, 1996. LundUniversity, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,Sweden. 27pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 105gmSweden. 27pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 105gmSweden. 27pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 105gmSweden. 27pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 105gmSweden. 27pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 105gm

There is a shortage of adequate, affordableshelter all over the world. There is an increasinginterest in finding solutions in the grey zonebetween formal housing, i.e. built byprofessionals according to regulated standardsfor the mortgage market, and informal housing,i.e. self-help, illegal, of low standard, and usinginformal credit. Through organised self-helphousing, it can be possible to create affordablehomes for those who cannot afford housingproduced by the format sector. This BuildingIssue Highlights the concept of organised self-help housing in general and provides practicalguidelines for implementing organised smallscale self-help housing projects.The role of thefacilitating organisation is carefully described toshow how they can be successful andsustainable. The report describes experiences oforganised small-scale self-help housing projectsin Bolivia, Costa Rica and Tunisia. (BuildingIssues is a series of study results producedthrough the institutional cooperation betweenthe Lund Centre for Habitat Studies and theSwedish International Development CooperationAgency.)Ref. No. 084-005911 POA

Organisation, negotiation andcontracting in development programmesand projects: A study of current practice atthe community levelPeter Oakley

ILO Employment-Intensive Investment Branch.ILO Employment-Intensive Investment Branch.ILO Employment-Intensive Investment Branch.ILO Employment-Intensive Investment Branch.ILO Employment-Intensive Investment Branch.2001. ISBN 92-2-112404-5. 420gm2001. ISBN 92-2-112404-5. 420gm2001. ISBN 92-2-112404-5. 420gm2001. ISBN 92-2-112404-5. 420gm2001. ISBN 92-2-112404-5. 420gm

In recognising the need to extend fundamentalprinciples of organisation and negotiationoutside the formal” wage sector, to the informaland weakly organised rural and urban sectorsthe ILO’s Employment-Intensive InvestmentProgramme (EIIP) commissioned this study toprovide insights to contracting, organisation andinnovative forms of collective bargaining atcommunity level in a number of developingcountries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Theoverall evidence from the case studies is positivein terms of some of the immediate benefits thatmembership of a community contract group canbring to the poor. The study details the effectsthat involvement in contract work can have onbroader community involvement, despite themany local factors which can influence or evendeter this involvement.Ref. No. 003-14377 POA

On-plot sanitation in low- incomeurban communities: Guidelines forselectionAndrew Cotton and Darren Saywell

Water, Engineering and Development CentreWater, Engineering and Development CentreWater, Engineering and Development CentreWater, Engineering and Development CentreWater, Engineering and Development Centre

(WEDC). 1998. 139pp. 250gm(WEDC). 1998. 139pp. 250gm(WEDC). 1998. 139pp. 250gm(WEDC). 1998. 139pp. 250gm(WEDC). 1998. 139pp. 250gm

This book presents the findings from a DFIDproject concerning the performance of on-plotsanitation systems in urban India, Ghana andMozambique. It investigates how satisfactoryon-plot sanitation is in the urban context, andpresents guidance on its use for policy-makers,urban governments employees, developmentagencies and non-governmental organisations.Guidance is presented on situations in whichparticular sanitation technologies areappropriate. Five key areas of interest areexamined: the absence of sanitation; usersatisfaction; impact of plot size; operationalproblems and latrine emptying. Important cross-cutting issues reviewed include: socio-culturalfactors; costs and cost recovery; institutionalconsiderations; and the promotion of sanitation.Ref. No. 047-008369 POA

Performance monitoring of micro-contracts: For the procurement of urbaninfrastructureM. Sohail and Andrew Cotton

WEDC, Loughborough University. 2000. 82pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 2000. 82pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 2000. 82pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 2000. 82pp.WEDC, Loughborough University. 2000. 82pp.ISBN 0906055 -70-9. 135gmISBN 0906055 -70-9. 135gmISBN 0906055 -70-9. 135gmISBN 0906055 -70-9. 135gmISBN 0906055 -70-9. 135gm

This document presents the findings from ProjectR6857 Performance Monitoring of InfrastructureProcurement for Urban Low Income Communitiescarried out by the authors. The purpose of the



project is to develop a framework and tools forthe appraisal, monitoring and evaluation ofmicro-contracts for the procurement of localinfrastructure in urban low-income communities.In addition to the standard measures of time,cost and quality, the work also attempts tocapture some of the crucial wider socio-economicimpacts of community-based works. The findingspresented will be of use to donor agencies,government officials and non-governmentorganisation (NGOs) involved in improvingservices for the urban poor.Ref. No. 047-047038 $30.00

Available online at: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/wedc/pmmc/contents.htm

Services for shelter: Infrastructure forurban low-income housingAndrew Cotton and Richard Franceys

Liverpool University Press; WEDC, LoughboroughLiverpool University Press; WEDC, LoughboroughLiverpool University Press; WEDC, LoughboroughLiverpool University Press; WEDC, LoughboroughLiverpool University Press; WEDC, LoughboroughUniversity UK. 1991. 155pp. ISBN 0-85323-287-3.University UK. 1991. 155pp. ISBN 0-85323-287-3.University UK. 1991. 155pp. ISBN 0-85323-287-3.University UK. 1991. 155pp. ISBN 0-85323-287-3.University UK. 1991. 155pp. ISBN 0-85323-287-3.540gm540gm540gm540gm540gm

This book presents and analyses a strategy forplanning, implementation, operation andmaintenance of services within the context of thepeople whom they are serving and their shelter.The emphasis is on a support-approach to serviceprovision. Whilst the book is about provision ofphysical infrastructure or services for housing, itis not intended to be an engineering designmanual. It is written for engineers, planners andarchitects who are involved with the provision ofnew or upgraded housing for urban poor.Ref. No. 047-008251 $26.50

Services for the urban poor: A people-centred approachGeorge McRobie

Building Issues, Volume 8, No. 1, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 1, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 1, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 1, 1996. LundBuilding Issues, Volume 8, No. 1, 1996. LundUniversity, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,University, Lund Centre for Habitat Studies, Lund,Sweden. 23pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 90gmSweden. 23pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 90gmSweden. 23pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 90gmSweden. 23pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 90gmSweden. 23pp. ISSN 1100-9446. 90gm

It is now internationally recognised that the onlyway most of the service needs of low-incomeurban dwellers can be met is if they engagethemselves in the planning, construction,operation and maintenance of basic services suchas roads, water and sanitation, drainage and solidwaste management. The role government mustincreasingly become that of enabling low-incomeurban communities to choose servicesappropriate to their needs and resources, and tomanage the services efficiently. This reporthighlights the problem of services for the urbanpoor and suggests alternative solutions.( BuildingIssues is a series of study results producedthrough the institutional cooperation betweenthe Lund Centre for Habitat Studies and theSwedish International Development CooperationAgency.)Ref. No. 084-005908 POA

Services for the urban poor: Guidelinesfor policymakers, planners and engineersAndrew Cotton and Kevin Tayler

Water, Engineering and DevelopmentWater, Engineering and DevelopmentWater, Engineering and DevelopmentWater, Engineering and DevelopmentWater, Engineering and DevelopmentCentre(WEDC); Centre(WEDC); Centre(WEDC); Centre(WEDC); Centre(WEDC); GHK Research and Training Ltd.GHK Research and Training Ltd.GHK Research and Training Ltd.GHK Research and Training Ltd.GHK Research and Training Ltd.ISBN. 0-906055-77- 6. (set). 1495gmISBN. 0-906055-77- 6. (set). 1495gmISBN. 0-906055-77- 6. (set). 1495gmISBN. 0-906055-77- 6. (set). 1495gmISBN. 0-906055-77- 6. (set). 1495gm

This set of manuals offers detailed guidance onthe planning, design, implementation, operationand maintenance of basic services for the urbanpoor based largely on experience from SouthAsia. It emphasises the need to integrateparticipatory approaches at the local level withstrategic improvements to city levelinfrastructure. The readership includespolicymakers, urban planners, and urbanengineers.Ref. No. 047-110 002 POA

Shanty upgrading: Technical handbook forupgrading squatter and shanty settlementsJohn Parry and Andrew Gordon


Focuses on the issues involved in urbanupgrading projects, particularly on theadministrative and legal aspects. Dealsextensively with building techniques, theproduction of building materials andinfrastructure appropriate to low-cost, self-helpbuilding and shanty upgrading. The techniquesdescribed are based on field experiences indeveloping countries.Ref. No. 047-008077 $16.00



Shelter provision and employmentgenerationHabitat; ILO. 1995. 271pp. ISBN 92-2-108523-6.Habitat; ILO. 1995. 271pp. ISBN 92-2-108523-6.Habitat; ILO. 1995. 271pp. ISBN 92-2-108523-6.Habitat; ILO. 1995. 271pp. ISBN 92-2-108523-6.Habitat; ILO. 1995. 271pp. ISBN 92-2-108523-6.430gm430gm430gm430gm430gm

Considers shelter provision as a means ofmeeting housing needs, generating employmentand reducing poverty. Examines the scope forself-employment and small-scale enterprises inconstruction. The book argues that priorityshould be given to development strategies basedon labour-intensive provision of housing, servicesand infrastructure, with community involvement.Ref. No. 047-008012 $17.00

Site supervisor course for labour-based and community-managed upgradingof low-income settlements:Andreas Beusch and George Simba

Basic Course ManualKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water Institute(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 170pp. 480gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 170pp. 480gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 170pp. 480gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 170pp. 480gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 170pp. 480gm

Skills Course ManualKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water Institute(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 229pp. 1190gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 229pp. 1190gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 229pp. 1190gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 229pp. 1190gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 229pp. 1190gm

Supervisors Site Reference HandbookKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water InstituteKisii Training Centre (KTC); Kenya Water Institute(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 136pp. 215gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 136pp. 215gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 136pp. 215gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 136pp. 215gm(KEWI); ILO/ASIST. 2000. 136pp. 215gm

The course was developed to equip trainees withthe skills, knoweldge and improved attitudesneeded to carry out day-today site supervision oflabour based and community managed urbanupgrading works.

The course is dived into two sections-basic andskills. The basic course covers the followingtopics: the urban environment; mensuration,community managed and labour basedapproaches; tools and equipment; workimplementation; work management; labourissues; solid waste management; urbansanitation; quantities costing; and contracting.The course mauals are reference material for thetraining course. The supervisors Site ReferenceHandbook contains key data and guidance andcomes in a handy format for reference on site.The Handbook is designed to be used forreference seperately from the course.Ref. No. 062-013961 (Basic manual) POARef. No. 062-110080 (Skill manual) POARef. No. 062-011001 (Site handbook) POAPOA Start your waste collection serviceAndreas Klemmer

Technical handoutsMinistry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;ILO. 2001. 121pp. 390gmILO. 2001. 121pp. 390gmILO. 2001. 121pp. 390gmILO. 2001. 121pp. 390gmILO. 2001. 121pp. 390gm

Trainer’s guideMinistry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;ILO. 2001. 32pp. 145gmILO. 2001. 32pp. 145gmILO. 2001. 32pp. 145gmILO. 2001. 32pp. 145gmILO. 2001. 32pp. 145gm

ManualMinistry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;ILO. 2001. 71pp. 250gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 250gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 250gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 250gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 250gm

Business planMinistry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Zambia;ILO. 2001. 71pp. 110gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 110gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 110gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 110gmILO. 2001. 71pp. 110gm

These four books are part of a series providing atechnical step-by-step guide of how to start acommunity-based waste collection service. Theguide provides specific tasks for the trainer in thefollowing themes on solid waste management:legal issues; types of solid waste generation rates;the waste cycle; recycling issues; gender roles;routing issues; occupational safety and health;community participation; monitoring system;and community contracting issues. The technicalhandout covers: legal issues; types of solid wasteand generation rates; the waste cycle; recyclingissues; gender roles; routing issues; occupationalsafety and health; community participation;monitoring system;and community contractingissues.

The manual presents all the aspects to beconsidered before starting your bussiness. Theseinclude the following: how to make a marketingplan; calculate how much start-up capital youneed; assess the sources of starting up capital;and how to make financial plans. The businessplan covers these issues: development of abusiness idea and marketing plan; defining theform of business; assigning business tasks;costing and calucation of the required start-upcapital; planning and managing of finances; andfinally, an action plan to help one get started.These were developed in Zambia through theLusaka City Council, with funding from UNDPand Ireland Aid.Ref. No. ZMB-039595 (Trainer’s guide) POARef. No. ZMB-039596 (Technical handout) POARef. No. ZMB-O39597 (Manual) POARef. No. ZMB-039598 (Business plan ) POA

POAPOA

POA



Sustainable sewerage: Guidelines for

Storm drainage: An engineering guideto the low-cost evaluation of systemperformancePeter Kolsky

Intermediate Technology Publications. 1999. 152pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1999. 152pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1999. 152pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1999. 152pp.Intermediate Technology Publications. 1999. 152pp.ISBN 1-85339 4327. 260gmISBN 1-85339 4327. 260gmISBN 1-85339 4327. 260gmISBN 1-85339 4327. 260gmISBN 1-85339 4327. 260gm

This book is mainly concerned with surface waterdrainage in low-income urban areas in developingcountries. It deals with both open and closeddrains. The purpose of this practical guide is tohelp engineers (in particular municipalengineers) and development workers understandsurface water drainage problems so that they canwork on more realistic solutions. It starts fromthe recognition that millions of slum residentsacross the world suffer the hazards and misery offrequent flooding, and draws upon the results oftwo and a half years of fieldwork in the city ofIndore in India. The book focuses on threequestions; what is drainage performance andwhat happens when it floods?; what are theeffects of solids in drains upon performance?;how can we evaluate a drainage system, to assesshow best to improve its performance? It includesa comprehensive checklist for drainageevaluation, tables and graphs of data andhydrological equations with worked examples.Ref. No. MIS-009727 $9.00

Surface water drainage for low-incomecommunitiesWorld Health Organisation. 1991. 93pp. World Health Organisation. 1991. 93pp. World Health Organisation. 1991. 93pp. World Health Organisation. 1991. 93pp. World Health Organisation. 1991. 93pp. ISBN 92-4-ISBN 92-4-ISBN 92-4-ISBN 92-4-ISBN 92-4-ISBN 92-4-154416-3. 225gmISBN 92-4-154416-3. 225gmISBN 92-4-154416-3. 225gmISBN 92-4-154416-3. 225gmISBN 92-4-154416-3. 225gm

Gives practical guidance on the design andconstruction of simple, effective, low-costdrainage systems and on the rehabilitation ofexisting systems that have fallen into disrepair.Emphasis is placed on the importance ofcommunity participation at all stages of projects,from planning through to implementation, andparticularly in maintaining the system once built.It is written in non-technical language and is wellillustrated. It is suitable for local authorities andcommunity groups, as well as planners and publicworks officials in developing countries.Ref. No. 047-008069 $8.00

Sustainable sewerage: Guidelines forcommunity schemesR. A. Reed

Intermediate Technology Publications; WEDC. 1995.Intermediate Technology Publications; WEDC. 1995.Intermediate Technology Publications; WEDC. 1995.Intermediate Technology Publications; WEDC. 1995.Intermediate Technology Publications; WEDC. 1995.111pp. ISBN 1-85339-305-3. 195gm111pp. ISBN 1-85339-305-3. 195gm111pp. ISBN 1-85339-305-3. 195gm111pp. ISBN 1-85339-305-3. 195gm111pp. ISBN 1-85339-305-3. 195gm

Sanitation is one of the most basic infrastructureservices and one which many poor communitiesfind themselves unable to afford. In mostcountries, the demand for sewerage greatlyexceeds the resources available to provide it.There are, however, ways in which conventionalschemes can be modified, or new schemes

planned, so that the cost both of construction andof maintenance can be brought within reach ofmore people. This handbook describes these andsuggests objective methods of prioritisingcommunities’ needs for sewerage. It surveys theplanning, selection, design, management andmaintenance of community schemes, andprovides technical and financial suggestions oncost-effective practice and procedures. Non-conventional options are discussed as well as theconventional approach to sewerage design andimplementation. The book will be great interestand practical use to all those involved in planningsmall community infrastructure project,particularly in peri-urban situations.Ref. No. 049-008076 $15.50

The future of urban employmentILO. 1998. 64pp. ISBN 92-2-110337-4. 275gm (AlsoILO. 1998. 64pp. ISBN 92-2-110337-4. 275gm (AlsoILO. 1998. 64pp. ISBN 92-2-110337-4. 275gm (AlsoILO. 1998. 64pp. ISBN 92-2-110337-4. 275gm (AlsoILO. 1998. 64pp. ISBN 92-2-110337-4. 275gm (Alsoavailable in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)available in French and Spanish)

This paper presents the immense problems andenormity of tasks confronting the world’s largecities, whether in developing, transitional orindustrial worlds. The paper discusses globalurbanisation and its implication for urbanemployment. Urban unemployment and poverty;the determinants of urban employment, such asthe continuous flow of rural migrants to urbancentres; the growth of the informal sector; theeffect of technological change and theglobalisation process on urban employment;these topics are all examined. Finally, the paperexamines key areas for policy intervention, thedifferent strategies and tools required, and thepotential for new partnerships involvingmunicipal authorities, national governments,workers, employers and civil society. The paperconcludes by highlighting the new challenges forurban employment policy in the 21st century.Ref. No. 003-014112 $14.00

The urban informal sector in Africa inretrospect and prospect: An annotatedbibliographyBibliography No. 10. ILO. 1991. 96pp.Bibliography No. 10. ILO. 1991. 96pp.Bibliography No. 10. ILO. 1991. 96pp.Bibliography No. 10. ILO. 1991. 96pp.Bibliography No. 10. ILO. 1991. 96pp.ISBN 92-2-107747-096. 265gmISBN 92-2-107747-096. 265gmISBN 92-2-107747-096. 265gmISBN 92-2-107747-096. 265gmISBN 92-2-107747-096. 265gm

A comprehensive bibliography covering 200 titles(in English and French) on the urban informalsector and its potential for employment andgrowth. Themes covered include regionalvariations, training, credit, women, policies andinstitutional environment, linkages with theformal and informal sector and interventions byaid organisations. Each chapter starts with anintroduction, followed by a list of generalreferences useful for further reading, followed byabstracts on Africa. The concluding chaptersynthesises emerging trends and provides somegeneral guidelines for future research on theurban informal sector in Africa.Ref. No. 081-007062 $15.00



The urban material source book: Aguide for community-managed and labour-based upgrading of urban low-incomesettlementsGeorge Simba and Jan Fransen. Edited by AnnabelChite

ILO/ASIST. July 2000. 32pp. 195gmILO/ASIST. July 2000. 32pp. 195gmILO/ASIST. July 2000. 32pp. 195gmILO/ASIST. July 2000. 32pp. 195gmILO/ASIST. July 2000. 32pp. 195gm

This source book is a select guide of materialavailable from the ASIST Information Servicesfor projects and programmes involved incommunity-managed and labour-based upgradingof urban low-income settlements. Community-management refers to a strong involvement ofcommunities in the planning, design,implementation and/or maintenance of theworks. The labour-based approach refers to thecost-effective construction and maintenance ofinfrastructure using (local) labour supported bylight equipment. The material listed are groupedaccording to sector and indicate the main targetgroup for which the material might be relevant.Ref. No. 047-047040 POA

Urban employment guidelines:Employment-intensive participatoryapproaches for infrastructure investmentLin Jinchang


learned from the ILO’s country-level technicalcooperation activities. The guidelines represent adetermination to build on the strengths of theILO’s decades-long experience in the fields of theurban informal sector and employment-intensiveinvestment programmes, but taking theseexperiences a step further, both intergratingadapting them to the context of an urbanisingworld.Ref. No. 003-014123 POA

Urban upgrading: Options andproceedures for PakistanKevin Tayler and Andrew Cotton

WEDC, Loughborough University; GHK/MRM. 1994.WEDC, Loughborough University; GHK/MRM. 1994.WEDC, Loughborough University; GHK/MRM. 1994.WEDC, Loughborough University; GHK/MRM. 1994.WEDC, Loughborough University; GHK/MRM. 1994.173pp. ISBN 0-906055-31-8 570gm173pp. ISBN 0-906055-31-8 570gm173pp. ISBN 0-906055-31-8 570gm173pp. ISBN 0-906055-31-8 570gm173pp. ISBN 0-906055-31-8 570gm

This manual is intended primarily for use byengineers responsible for the planning andconstruction of upgrading schemes, though it isalso useful to other professionals working in thefield of upgrading. It provides an introduction tothe subjects of informal development andupgrading, examines the scope for communityinvolvement, covers planning and designaspects,technical aspects on site appraisal,survey, water supply, sanitation and sewerage,street and lane paving, drainage, solid wastemanagement and street lighting. It also covers

contract documentation, costing and affordability.Though based on experience from Pakistan, itcan be usefully applied in other developingcountries.Ref. No. 1AS-043138 $26.50

VideosThe following videos and slide series have beendeveloped from employment-intensive projects.They are a useful promotional and trainingresource.

Appropriate technology and fair workingconditionsILO/ASIST, EIIP. 1999. 14 min. VHS/PAL format.ILO/ASIST, EIIP. 1999. 14 min. VHS/PAL format.ILO/ASIST, EIIP. 1999. 14 min. VHS/PAL format.ILO/ASIST, EIIP. 1999. 14 min. VHS/PAL format.ILO/ASIST, EIIP. 1999. 14 min. VHS/PAL format.260gm260gm260gm260gm260gm

This video looks at the issues involved in labour-based construction, i.e. how to manage a largework force and to provide workers with decentworking conditions in order to achievesatisfactory levels of productivity. Well-managedlabour-based programmes have in developingcountries proven to be a viable and cost effectivealternative to equipment-based construction.Labour-based programmes can make animportant contribution to the development of asound domestic construction industry, enableeffective participation by local communities, andwith increased opportunities for men and womento obtain work clearly contribute to localeconomic development. Consequently, thisapparently age-old approach has grabbed theinterest of governments in over 40 countries.Ref. No. 060-018048 POA

Earth report V: The long walkRobert Lamb (ed)

DFID; World Bank; ILO/ASIST. 2001. 27mins. 240gmDFID; World Bank; ILO/ASIST. 2001. 27mins. 240gmDFID; World Bank; ILO/ASIST. 2001. 27mins. 240gmDFID; World Bank; ILO/ASIST. 2001. 27mins. 240gmDFID; World Bank; ILO/ASIST. 2001. 27mins. 240gm

This video on rural travel and transport inSub-Saharan Africa is a joint effort of ASIST-Africa and the Rural Travel and TransportProgramme (RTTP) component of the WorldBank, Sub-Saharan Africa Transport Programme(SSATP). The video, with case studies fromGuinea, Senegal, Tanzania and Malawi is aimedat raising awareness of the problems of ruralaccess in sub-Saharan Africa, and showing howthes problems can be addressed throughcommunity participation, appropriate planningand various access interventions. The video wasproduced by the Television Trust for the Bankand ILO/ASIST. This video also is available fromTVE, UK. Email: [email protected]. No. 060-110004 POA



Improving labour standards inconstruction: The Ghana experienceDFID; December 2000. 22mins. 235gmDFID; December 2000. 22mins. 235gmDFID; December 2000. 22mins. 235gmDFID; December 2000. 22mins. 235gmDFID; December 2000. 22mins. 235gm

This video is a snapshot of an experiment toimprove the livelihoods of construction workersby implementing labour standards on a bridgesprogramme in rural Ghana. The film is about theexperiences of workers, employers and tradeunions in the labour standards programme. Itreflects the different interests and how they aredealing with the practical difficulties encounteredduring implementation.Ref. No. 060-110005 POA

Labour-based technology video seriesCompiled by ASIST. 1996. VHS/PAL format. 145gmCompiled by ASIST. 1996. VHS/PAL format. 145gmCompiled by ASIST. 1996. VHS/PAL format. 145gmCompiled by ASIST. 1996. VHS/PAL format. 145gmCompiled by ASIST. 1996. VHS/PAL format. 145gm

A compilation of eight short videos listed below.Ref. No. 060-018011 $15.00

1 Labour-based feeder roads construction: Anexperience in Ghana with small-scale localcontractorsUNDP/Ghana Department of Feeder RoadsUNDP/Ghana Department of Feeder RoadsUNDP/Ghana Department of Feeder RoadsUNDP/Ghana Department of Feeder RoadsUNDP/Ghana Department of Feeder RoadsProduction. Videomart, Accra, Ghana. 19 min.Production. Videomart, Accra, Ghana. 19 min.Production. Videomart, Accra, Ghana. 19 min.Production. Videomart, Accra, Ghana. 19 min.Production. Videomart, Accra, Ghana. 19 min.

Describes a labour-based feeder roadrehabilitation pilot project established in theSefwi Wiawso District under the World Bank’s4th Highway project, with technical assistancefrom the ILO funded by the UNDP. The projectinvolved the use of small-contractors toundertake labour-based rehabilitation of feederroads. The contractor training processes, thelabour-based roadworks techniques andeqiupment used are desribed. The videoillustrates the succesful use of small-scalecontractors for feeder road rehabilitation inGhana, and the resulting socio-economic benefits,such as employment and income generation,which stimulate the rural economy.

2 Roads for the people: Road building withlabour intensive methodsA presentation by Gunvor W. Skancke and KristinA presentation by Gunvor W. Skancke and KristinA presentation by Gunvor W. Skancke and KristinA presentation by Gunvor W. Skancke and KristinA presentation by Gunvor W. Skancke and KristinEse. 1993. 16 min.Ese. 1993. 16 min.Ese. 1993. 16 min.Ese. 1993. 16 min.Ese. 1993. 16 min.

Describes the Kenya Minor Roads Programme(MRP) during which 5000km of rural accessroads constructed under the Rural Access RoadsProgramme (RARP) between 1974 and 1986using labour-based techniques were maintainedunder a labour-based force account system. TheMRP, which started in 1986 and ended in 1992,developed the RARP methods to improve andmaintain selected roads in 26 districts in highpotential agricultural areas. The organisation,recruitment, task rate system, and maintenancetechniques employed under the MRP aredescribed. The video indicates the primarybenefits of labour-based rural access roadmaintenance as improved access between

agricultural production areas and markets, theopening up of isolated settlements to socialservices and the generation of employment.

3 The Lesotho experience: Construction bylabour-based methods of the Dilli-Dilli toSinxondo RoadHamish Goldie Scot

Tape/slide sequence. Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick. 1986.Tape/slide sequence. Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick. 1986.Tape/slide sequence. Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick. 1986.Tape/slide sequence. Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick. 1986.Tape/slide sequence. Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick. 1986.7 min.7 min.7 min.7 min.7 min.

A narration of a personal experience by alabourer involved in the labour-basedconstruction of the Dilli-Dilli - Sinxondo Road, a32 km stretch over rocky mountainous terrain inLesotho.

4 ILO new technologies in Nepal Special PublicWorks Programme: Rehabilitation and repair ofrural infrastructureSindhuli Rehabilitation Programme/ILO.Sindhuli Rehabilitation Programme/ILO.Sindhuli Rehabilitation Programme/ILO.Sindhuli Rehabilitation Programme/ILO.Sindhuli Rehabilitation Programme/ILO.

The aim of the video is to demonstrate totechnical staff the correct engineering proceduresin specific applications of ferro-cement andbamboo technology, and the use of calmmite asan alternative to dynamite. The techniques forthe construction of ferro-cement canal linings,bamboo cement cover slabs and water tanks areshown, as well as the use of calmmite for hardrock excavation.

5 Rural travel and transport: Integrated ruraltravel and transport approach: MaketeTanzania — A case studyILO. 1994. 14 min.ILO. 1994. 14 min.ILO. 1994. 14 min.ILO. 1994. 14 min.ILO. 1994. 14 min.

Describes a new approach to rural accessibilityand transport, which identifies the problems atthe grass-roots level and includes a wider rangeof interventions, i.e. the improvement of pathsand tracks, the introduction of intermediatemeans of transport. The aim of the video is toshow policy makers and project implementorsconcerned with rural development a differentapproach to address the actual transport needs ofthe rural household through local levelaccessibility planning and access interventions.

6 Labour-based road construction in ThailandILO/UNDP Bangkok, Thailand. 25 min.ILO/UNDP Bangkok, Thailand. 25 min.ILO/UNDP Bangkok, Thailand. 25 min.ILO/UNDP Bangkok, Thailand. 25 min.ILO/UNDP Bangkok, Thailand. 25 min.

Describes a project undertaken by the PublicWorks Department, funded by UNDP withtechnical assistance from the ILO, to build roadsby labour-based methods. The advantages andbenefits of the use of labour-based technology aredescribed. The techniques and light equipmentused for labour-based construction areillustrated. The video demonstrates thesuccessful use of local resources and stresses theneed for training at universities and technicalcolleges to ensure the sustainability of thetechnology.



7 Labour-based road project, Mutoko -Nyamuzwe, ZimbabweSweRoad. 1993. 30 min.SweRoad. 1993. 30 min.SweRoad. 1993. 30 min.SweRoad. 1993. 30 min.SweRoad. 1993. 30 min.

A detailed description of the organisation andtechniques used in the labour-based constructionof the Mutoko - Nyamuzwe road, from therecruitment procedures, the setting outprocedures, and the construction techniquesemployed. Describes the equipment used, labourproductivity and payment procedures.

8 Feeder road maintenance: The GhanaianexperienceDepartment of Feeder Roads, Ghana. Videomart.Department of Feeder Roads, Ghana. Videomart.Department of Feeder Roads, Ghana. Videomart.Department of Feeder Roads, Ghana. Videomart.Department of Feeder Roads, Ghana. Videomart.19 min.19 min.19 min.19 min.19 min.

Describes the use of the MaintenancePerformance Budget System (MPBS) which wasintroduced as a result of the failing SpotImprovement and Maintenance System (SIAM), acommunal labour-based maintenance systemwhich was not sustainable due to competitionwith the other sources of employment, inparticular agriculture. The video illustrates thesuccessful introduction of the MPBS system inthe Eastern Region of Ghana where small-scalelabour-based contractors are awarded contractsto carry out periodic maintenance activities for aperiod of one year.

Labour-based surfacing trialLabour-based Advisory Unit, Ministry of TransportLabour-based Advisory Unit, Ministry of TransportLabour-based Advisory Unit, Ministry of TransportLabour-based Advisory Unit, Ministry of TransportLabour-based Advisory Unit, Ministry of Transportand Communications, Zimbabwe. 25 min. 245gmand Communications, Zimbabwe. 25 min. 245gmand Communications, Zimbabwe. 25 min. 245gmand Communications, Zimbabwe. 25 min. 245gmand Communications, Zimbabwe. 25 min. 245gm

This video CD shows road surfacing trials whichwere conducted in Zimbabwe using differentmaterial combinations.Ref. No. 060-110006 POA

Management of labour-basedprogrammesILO/ASIST; ILO/EIIP. 1999. 35 mins. VHS PALILO/ASIST; ILO/EIIP. 1999. 35 mins. VHS PALILO/ASIST; ILO/EIIP. 1999. 35 mins. VHS PALILO/ASIST; ILO/EIIP. 1999. 35 mins. VHS PALILO/ASIST; ILO/EIIP. 1999. 35 mins. VHS PALformat 255gmformat 255gmformat 255gmformat 255gmformat 255gm

Describes and explains important managementaspects of a labour-based project. This trainingvideo is divided into five sections:

Section 1 Hiring and recruiting labourers

Section 2 Productivity based play

Section 3 Wages

Section 4 Safety and health

Section 5 Record keeping

Ref. No. 060-018047 POA

Routes on rural transport needs and someoptions in Sri LankaIntermediate Technology Development Group,Intermediate Technology Development Group,Intermediate Technology Development Group,Intermediate Technology Development Group,Intermediate Technology Development Group,Sri Lanka, 1995. 18 mins. VHS/PAL format. 145gmSri Lanka, 1995. 18 mins. VHS/PAL format. 145gmSri Lanka, 1995. 18 mins. VHS/PAL format. 145gmSri Lanka, 1995. 18 mins. VHS/PAL format. 145gmSri Lanka, 1995. 18 mins. VHS/PAL format. 145gm

This video depicts transport and accessibilityproblems faced by rural communities in ruralagricultural goods and other goods to marketsand accessing social services, such as schools andhospitals, due to poor rural infrastructure andtransport services are illustrated. Two localinnovations, the extended bicycle and detachablebicycle cart, developed by the IntermidiateTechnology Development Group in conjuctionwith local manufacturers to improve the utility ofthe most common means of transport in SriLanka, are described and illustrated. These twoinnovations help increase the load carryingcapacity of the bicycle, allowing for thetransportation of more goods to markets andpeople to social services which in turn enhancesthe rural communities’ income generatingcapacity.Ref. No. 060-018 007 POA

The bridgeLicinio Azevedo

Ebano Multimedia. 52 mins. 245gmEbano Multimedia. 52 mins. 245gmEbano Multimedia. 52 mins. 245gmEbano Multimedia. 52 mins. 245gmEbano Multimedia. 52 mins. 245gm

In the rainy season, the rivers rise andChimanimani, one of the regions in Mozambiquegets cut-off from the rest of the country. Thisfilm is the telling of the collective effort to build abridge to benefit the local community andpromote its development. It demonstrates thatthe success of this undertaking does not dependsolely on the efforts of individuals, but also onthe collusion of the region’s spirits and on thewhims of Mother NatureRef. No. 060-110003 POA

The road to rural prideKisii Training Centre, Kenya. 1998. 14 mins. VHSKisii Training Centre, Kenya. 1998. 14 mins. VHSKisii Training Centre, Kenya. 1998. 14 mins. VHSKisii Training Centre, Kenya. 1998. 14 mins. VHSKisii Training Centre, Kenya. 1998. 14 mins. VHSPAL formatPAL formatPAL formatPAL formatPAL format

This video gives the story of the labour-basedmethods of road building in Kenya and thedevelopment of the Kisii Training Centre (KTC)as an internationally renowned centre for labourbased roadworks technology. It is the story of therural pride fostered by a method that has been sosuccessful in allowing for easier access to remoterural areas. This is a useful promotional videonot only for KTC but for the technology andwould be suitable for providing an initialorientation to those new to labour-basedroadworks technology.Ref. No. 060-018032 POA



Training videos for labour-based roadconstruction and maintenance and videoscriptsILO. 1991. ISBN 92-2-108057-9 (Set of 16 TrainingILO. 1991. ISBN 92-2-108057-9 (Set of 16 TrainingILO. 1991. ISBN 92-2-108057-9 (Set of 16 TrainingILO. 1991. ISBN 92-2-108057-9 (Set of 16 TrainingILO. 1991. ISBN 92-2-108057-9 (Set of 16 TrainingModules on 12 videos, complete with scripts). VHS/Modules on 12 videos, complete with scripts). VHS/Modules on 12 videos, complete with scripts). VHS/Modules on 12 videos, complete with scripts). VHS/Modules on 12 videos, complete with scripts). VHS/PAL format. Scripts: 100pp. ISBN 92-2-108086-2.PAL format. Scripts: 100pp. ISBN 92-2-108086-2.PAL format. Scripts: 100pp. ISBN 92-2-108086-2.PAL format. Scripts: 100pp. ISBN 92-2-108086-2.PAL format. Scripts: 100pp. ISBN 92-2-108086-2.545gm. Also available on video compact disk (VCD)545gm. Also available on video compact disk (VCD)545gm. Also available on video compact disk (VCD)545gm. Also available on video compact disk (VCD)545gm. Also available on video compact disk (VCD)

A series of 16 training modules which togetherform a coherent training package for the buildingand maintenance of rural roads using labour andlight equipment. Designed to be used assupplementary training material for supervisorswho will be involved in managing labour-basedroad construction and maintenance projects.

Modules: 1: Introduction; 2: The role of thesupervisor; 3: General planning; 4: Site planning;5: Reporting and control; 6: Work organisation;7: Tools and equipment; 8: Survey and settingout; 9: Clearing; 10: Drainage; 11: Earthworks;12: Compaction; 13: Gravelling; 14: Maintenance;15: Structures; 16: Maintenance of structuresRef. Nos.060-018016-018027 (Videos) $420.00(set)Ref. No. 060-110009 (VCD) POA

Index

A

A gender responsive monitoring and evaluationsystem for rural travel and transport, 10

A guide on food for assets (FASE), 27A guide to Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning in

Malawi, 11A guide to Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning in

Tanzania: Gender — integrated version, 12A manual for the formation and management of

farmers’ irrigation association in small-scale hillirrigation schemes in Nepal, 26

A manual for the monitoring and evaluation ofcommunity-based irrigation in the hills of Nepal,27

A participatory approach to environmental protectionmeasures for hill irrigation schemes in Nepal, 26

A pocket guide to feasibility studies for low-volumeroads, 36

A pocket guide to road design for low-volume roads, 36A video and booklet on improving community-based

construction skills for training local communityworks organisers and village-level artisans, 27

Accessibility planning and local development, 12Accounting and book-keeping for the small building

contractor, 17Alternative approaches to infrastructure

development and transport planning: Prospectsfor their integration into educational and re-search programmes. Sub-regional workshop forAsian Educational Institutions, Bangkok, 11th –12th October 1995, 42

An annotated bibliography on rural transport, 10An opportunity for employment creation, labour-based

technology in roadworks: The macro-economicdimension, 27

Anti-erosion ditches. Booklet No. 1 and trainer’s copy,49

Appropriate technology and fair working conditions(video), 58

BBalancing the load: Proceedings of the Asia and Africa

regional seminars on gender and rural transport,12

Better tools for the job. Specifications for hand toolsand equipment, 47

Building roads by hand: An introduction to labour-road construction, 36

CCommunity contracts in urban infrastructure works:

Practical lessons from experience, 50



Community intiatives in urban infrastructure: 51Community water supply: A community participation

training element for SPWP user beneficiaries, 49Community works and farmers’ participation in minor

irrigation in Tamil Nadu, 26Community-based contracting: A review of stake-

holder experience, 50Community-based solid waste management and water

supply projects. Problems and solutionscompared: A survey of literature, 50

Community-based urban upgrading: What are theissues?, 51

Contract documents for small contracts in the roadsector, 20

Contracting out road maintenance activitiesVolume I: Developing domestic contractors forroad maintenance in Africa, 17Volume II: Contracts for road maintenanceworks, agreements for works by direct labour, 17Volume III: Setting up a plant pool, 17Volume IV: Managing small contracts: Practicalguidance on how to streamline and manage smallcontracts for public works and services, 17Volume V: Road maintenance and theenvironment: Guidance for taking care of theenvironment when preparing and carrying outroad maintenance activities, 17

Course materials on labour-based road engineeringAudio-visual material for courses on labour-basedroad engineering, 40Orientation course on labour-based roadengineering. Course notes, 40Postgraduate course on labour-based road engi-neering. Course notes, 40Undergraduate course on labour-based roadengineering. Course notes, 40

Crises and decent work: A collection of essays, 23Crisis-affected peoples and countries: ILO’s

operational activities, mid 1997- March 2001, 24

DDecent working conditions in labour-based

programmes: A hands-on development strategy,28

Design guidelines for low volume roads suitable forlabour-based construction methods in Lesotho, 36

Design, monitoring and evaluation of technicalcooperation programmes and projects: A trainingmanual, 31

Designs and specifications for a standard trailer andhitch for labour-based works, 47

Données types sur les besoins de main-d’oeuvre dansles programmes spéciaux de travaux publics, 47

Double standards, single purpose: Reforming housingregulations to reduce poverty, 52

EEarth report V: The long walk (video), 58

Earth roads: A practical guide to earth roadconstructions and maintenance, 36Economic development that lasts: Labour-intensive

irrigation projects in Nepal and the UnitedRepublic of Tanzania, 26

EIP environmental guidelines seriesGuide I: Environment, poverty and the use oflocal resources for sustainable development, 25Guide II: Project cycle and environmentalassessment, 25Guide III: Environmental impacts and ruralaccess, 25Guide IV: Low volume roads and theenvironment: A guide to proper design,construction and maintenance. Volume 1 and 2,25

Employment for poverty reduction and food security,28

Employment generation for poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa, 28

Employment-intensive infrastructure programmes:Labour policies and practices, 28

Employment-intensive infrastructure programmes:Capacity building for contracting in theconstruction sector, 18

Employment-intensive investment in infrastructure:Jobs to build society, 29

Employment intensive reconstruction works incountries emerging from armed conflicts:Guidelines, 24

Engineering in emergencies: A practical guide forrelief workers, 29

Entrepreneurship development for labour-based roadconstruction contractorsROCAU course: Overhead slides, 20ROCAU course: Training manual, 20ROCAU training programme: Trainingguidelines, 20

Environmental limits to motorization: Non-motorisedtransport in developed and developing countries,51

Evaluation of development assistance. Handbook forevaluators and managers, 31

Expanding labor-based methods in road works inAfrica, 46

FFeeder road maintenance: The Ghanaian experience

(video), 60Field engineering: An introduction to development

work and construction in rural areas, 37Field handbook: Labour-based road construction

method, 37Financial planning for the small building contractor, 18Footpaths and tracks: A field manual for their

construction and improvement, 13Foundations for change: Aspects of the construction

industry in developing countries, 32From destruction to reconstruction: The Cambodia

experience (1992-1997) using employmentintensive methods, 24



From destruction to reconstruction: The Mozambiqueexperience (1981-1997) using employmentintensive methods, 26

From destruction to reconstruction: The Ugandaexperience (1981-1997) using employmentintensive methods, 24

From want to work: Job creation for the urban poor, 52

GGabions. Booklet No. 3 and trainer’s copy, 49Ghana feeder roads project GHA/84/008: Labour-

based rehabilitation and maintenance. Finalreport, 18

Guide to the assessment of rural labour supply forlabour-based construction projects, 29

Guide to the training of supervisors for labour-basedroad construction and maintenanceInstructor’s Manual/1. The setting up of trainingcourses, 41Instructor’s Manual/2. How to develop a country/project-specific training course, 41

Trainee’s Manual/Part 2, 41Guide to tools and equipment for labour-based road

construction, 47Guidelines for the design and construction of

suspension footbridges, 14Guidelines for the development of small-scale

construction enterprises, 18Guidelines on Integrated Rural Accessibility

Planning: Planning for peoples’ needs, 12Guidelines for employment and skills training in

conflict-affected countries, 24Gully correction. Booklet No. 4 and trainer’s copy, 49

HHeavy duty wheelbarrow for labour-based

infrastructure works: An illustrated step-by-stepguide to its construction, 48

Heavy duty wheelbarrow jigs and fixtures for batchproduction. An illustrated guide, 48

Highway and traffic engineering in developingcountries, 32

IIllustrated training elements and technical elements

and technical elements for personnel in labour-intensive works programmes, 49

ILO new technologies in Nepal Special Public WorksProgramme: Rehabilitation and repair of ruralinfrastructure (video), 59

Improve your construction business seriesBusiness management. IYCB 3: Handbook andWorkbook, 20Pricing and bidding. IYCB 1. Handbook andWorkbook paper 2, 12

Improving income and housing: Employmentgeneratoin in low-income settlements, 52

Improving labour standards in construction: TheGhana experience, (video) 59

Improving site productivity in the constructionindustry, 18

Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning project series,Access and income generating activities. Issuepaper 1, 12Guidelines on Integrated Rural AccessibilityPlanning. Issue paper 2, 12Rural road planning: Recommendations forimproving the rural road network in Lao P.D.R.Issue paper 3, 12

Interactive contractor trainingModule 1: Estimating and tendering, 21Module 2: Project planning, 21Module 3: Site productivity, 21

Intermediate equipment for labour-based roadworks.Accra, Ghana. 19 – 20 April 1996. Workshopreport. MART. Working Papers No. 5, 48

Intermediate means of transport in Sub-SaharanAfrica: Its potential for improving rural traveland transport, 14

International course for engineers and managers oflabour-based road construction and maintenanceCourse notes. Volume 1, 41Course notes. Volume 2, 41Lecturer’s notes. Volume 3, 41Course curriculum. Volume 4, 41

International road maintenance handbookVolume I: Maintenance of roadside areas anddrainage, 37Volume II: Maintenance of unpaved roads, 37Volume III: Maintenance of paved roads, 37Volume IV: Maintenance structures and trafficcontrol devices, 37

International training course for engineers and townplanners: Sustainable community-managed andlabour based upgrading of low incomesettlements, 52

Introduction to special public works programmes, 29Introductory training course in labour-based

technology for irrigation supervisors, 26

JJobs from housing: Employment, building materials,

and enabling strategies for urban development, 53

KKitabu cha utunzaji ya barabara kwa wanyapara /

Headman’s handbook for the maintenance ofminor and rural access roads, 37

LLabour-based construction programmes: A practical

guide for planning and management, 46Labour Construction Unit: Bidding document for road

rehabilitation/regravelling works, 20



Labour Construction Unit: Contract documents forroutine road maintenance, 20

Labour enhanced construction for bituminoussurfacings, 38

Labour enhanced construction for bituminoussurfacings: Methods and procedures, 38

Labour-based contract maintenance programme.Orientation course for district engineers: Coursenotes, 41

Labour-based contracting on the road to the 21stcentury, 18

Labour-based contracting: A study to developguidelines for project formulation andimplementation. Phase 1: Collection and collationof data, 19Volume 1: Overview; Assessment of key issues;General analysis of projects; Brief projectdescriptions, 19Volume 2: Country reports; Applicability ofprojects; Alternative approaches, 19Volume 3: Overview (South Africa); Soweto CDP;Contract documentation, 19

Labour-based feeder roads construction: Anexperience in Ghana with small scale localcontractors (video), 59

Labour-based road construction in Thailand (video),59

Labour-based road construction training manual forsenior technical officers, technical officers,technical assistants. Training manual, Parts 1and 2, 42

Labour-based road construction. A state of the artreview, 33

Labour-based road contracting development inZambia: Training curriculum, trial contractarrangements and training assessment, 22

Labour-based road project, Mutoko – Nyamuzwe,Zimbabwe (video), 60

Labour-based roadworks: Technical manualVolume I: Road rehabilitation works, 37Volume II: Road maintenance, 38Volume III: Design and specifications, 38

Labour- based surfacing trial (video), 60Labour-based technology video series, 59Labour-based technology: A review of the current

practice. Proceedings and papers of the eighthregional seminar for labour-based practitioners.Cairo, Egypt, 15-19 October 2002, 44

Labour-based technology: A review of the currentpractice. Proceedings and papers of the ninthregional seminar for labour-based practitioners.Maputo, Mozambique, 20-24 May 2002, 45

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Regional seminar for labour-basedpractitioners in the road sector in Sub-SaharanAfrica. Johannesburg, South Africa, 16th – 20th

January 1995. Volume One: Report ofproceedings; Volume Two: Seminar papers, 43

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings and papers of the fifthregional seminar for labour-based practitionersinthe road sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Accra,

Ghana, 22nd – 26th April 1996, 44Labour-based technology: A review of current

practice. Proceedings and papers of the seventhregional seminar for labour-based practitioners.Lusaka, Zambia, 3rd – 7th May 2000, 44

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Proceedings and papers of the sixthregional seminar for labour-based practitioners.Jinja, Uganda, 29th September – 3rd October 1997,44

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Report of proceedings. ZimbabweInstitute of Engineers, 27th September – 1st

October 1993, Harare, Zimbabwe, 43Labour-based technology: A review of current

practice. Report of proceedings of the MbeyaSeminar, Tanzania. 26th – 28th February 1990.Volume I: Papers presented; Volume II: Report ofproceedings, 43

Labour-based technology: A review of currentpractice. Report of proceedings. 2nd – 6th March1992, Mohales Hoek, Lesotho, 43

Local level planning and investment prioritisation.Final report, 13

Low cost road construction in Indonesia. Labour-based road projects in Manggarai DistrictVolume I: Documentation, 38 Volume II: Workbook, 38

Low-cost sanitation. A survey of practical experience, 53Low-cost sewerage, 53Low-cost urban sanitation, 53Low-cost vehicles: Options for moving people and

goods, 14

MMakete Integrated Rural Transport Project: The

transport demand of rural households: Findingsfrom a village-level travel survey. Volume I: Mainreport; Volume II: Annexes to main report, 14

Management and supervision of labour-based roadconstruction and maintenance: Maintenancecourse for technical officers, technical assistantsand gangleaders: Instructor’s manual, 42

Management and supervision of labour-based roadconstruction and maintenance: Maintenancetraining course notes for technical staff of theDistrict Council road units, 42

Management of labour-based programmes (video), 60Management training for labour-based road

contractorsBook 1: Pricing and bidding, 22Book 2: Management and planning, 22

Managing construction projects: A guide to processesand procedures, 19

Managing for a change: How to run communitydevelopment projects, 31

Manual on improvements/maintenance of paths.Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project, 14

Manual on planning of labour-intensive roadconstruction, 33

Manufacturer’s guide: Low-cost transport devices, 15



Material selection and quality assurance for labour-based unsealed road projects, 33

Meeting transport needs with Intermediate Modes oftransport. Volume I and Volume II, 15

Minor Roads Programme structures manual: Volume1 and Volume 2, 38

Minor Roads Programme technical manual. Volume I,39

Minor Roads Programme technical manual. VolumeII: Drawings and specifications, 39

Minor Roads Programme technical manual. VolumeIII: Road maintenance manual, 39

Municipal solid waste management involving micro-and small enterprises: Guidelines for municipalmanagers, 53

NNepal SPWP manual series for poverty alleviation

through employment generation in irrigationworks programmes for the People of the Hills ofNepal, 26

OOf nets and assets: Effects and impacts of

employment-intensive programmes: A review ofILO experience, 29

On-plot sanitation in low-income urban communities:Guidelines for selection, 54

Organised small-scale self-help housing, 54Organisation, negotiation and contracting in

developement programmes and projects A studyof current practice at the community level, 54

Overseas road note 1: Maintenance management fordistrict engineers, 39

Overseas road note 2: Maintenance techniques fordistrict engineers, 39

Overseas road note 6: A guide to geometric designs, 33Overseas road note 9: A design manual for small

bridges, 40

PPaves de roche: Mise en oeuvre, entretien et

organisation des chantiers. Booklet No. 9, 49Performance monitoring of micro-contracts: For the

procurement of urban infrastructure, 54Pilot project on labour-based road construction an

maintenance in Thailand: Compaction by labourcompatible equipment, 48

Pilot project on labour-based road construction anmaintenance in Thailand: Tools and equipmentfor labour-based road construction, 48

Planting techniques. Booklet No. 7 and trainer’s copy,49

Policy advice and information dissemination tomember states on the employment-intensiveworks programme. Seminar report and paperspresented, Harare, 19 – 21 September 1995, 29

Productive employment for the poor, 30

Productivity and durability of traditionalandimproved hand tools for civil construction, 48

Productivity norms for labour-based construction, 30Promoting intermediate means of transport:

Approach paper, 15

RRapid assessment of poverty impacts (RAPI):

Elaboration of a rapid survey method ofassessing the poverty reduction impacts of pilotemployment-intensive projects, 30

Rating unsurfaced roads: A field manual formeasuring maintenace problems- Special Report87, 33

Rehabilitation of feeder roads using labour-basedmethods: Technical manual, 40

Re-opening Mozambique: Lessons learned from thefeeder roads programme, 34

Report of the final evaluation mission regarding thePilot Integrated Rural Transport Project- Phase(II): MLW/93/003, 15

Road building in the tropics: State of art review 9, 34Road contractor promotion and employment

generation in Africa, 19Road maintenance and regravelling (ROMAR) using

labour-based methods: Handbook and Workbook,22

Road maintenance and regravelling (ROMAR) usinglabour-based methods: Training guidelines, 22

Road maintenance management: Concepts andsystems, 34

Road maintenance: Options for improvement, 46Road projects Manggarai: Handbook for instruction

course on labour-based road construction, 42Roads and resources: Appropriate technology in road

construction in developing countries, 34Roads 2000 works manual, 40Roads are not enough. New perspectives on rural

transport planning in developing countries, 10Roads for the people: Road building with labour

intensive methods (video), 59Roadside bio-engineering: Site handbook, 25Routes on rural transport needs and some options in

Sri Lanka (video), 60Rural Access Roads Programme, Kenya: An analysis

of costs and productivities, 35Rural roads and poverty alleviation, 10Rural roads in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from

World Bank experience, 46Rural transport, 15Rural transport and accessibility, 13Rural transport in developing countries, 10Rural transport study in three districts of Zimbabwe

Volume 1: Main report presenting the findingsfrom the survey in Zaka, Rushinga and Chipingedistricts, 16Volume 2: The transport burden on women andgirls in Zimbabwe’s rural areas, 16Volume 3: The transport need generated byagricultural activities, 16Volume 4: Annexes to the Rural Travel and



The community planning handbook: How people canshape their cities, towns and villages in any partof the world, 32

The design and manufacture of animal-drawn carts,16

The design and manufacture of low-cost motorisedvehicles, 16

The District Road Improvement and MaintenanceProgramme. Better roads and job creation inMalawi, 35

The future of urban employment, 57The Lesotho experience: Construction by labour-based

methods of the Dilli-Dilli to Sinxondo Road(video), 59

The logical framework approach (LFA). Handbook forobjectives-oriented project planning, 32

The problems facing labor-based road programs andwhat to do about them: Evidence from Ghana, 46

The Rainmaker, 19The road to rural pride (video), 60The Rural Access Roads Programme: Appropriate

technology in Kenya, 35The small building contractor and the client, 19The urban informal sector in Africa in retrospect and

prospect: An annotated bibliography, 57The urban material source book: A guide for

community-managed and labour-basedupgrading of urban low-income settlements, 58

The window of opportunity: Strategies for enhancingwomen’s participation in technical co-operationprojects, 31

Tools and equipment for labour-based works.Bibliography of reports and studies, 48

Towards guidelines for labour-based contracting: Aframework document. MART Working Paper No.1, 20

Trainer’s toolbox of training techniques, 50Training contractors for results. A guide for trainers

and training managers, 23Training material source book: A guide for trainers in

labour-based roadworks, 42Training modules in appropriate design of small-scale

hill irrigation structures: An orientation coursefor training engineers, irrigation engineers andfield overseers, 26

Training videos for labour-based road constructionand maintenance and video scripts (video), 61

Transport and the village: Findings from Africanvillage-level, 11

Transport for the poor or poor transport?, 11

UUrban employment guidelines: Employment-

intensive participatory approaches forinfrastructure investment, 58

Urban upgrading: Options and procedures forPakistan, 58

User’s guide: Low-cost transport devices, 17

Transport study in Zaka, Rushinga and Chipinge,16

Rural travel and transport: Integrated rural traveland transport approach: Makete,Tanzania — Acase study (video), 59

SSelf-help for road construction: When it applies —

How it can be encouraged and supported:Experience in Flores, East Indonesia and othercountries, 30

Services for shelter: Infrastructure for urban low-income housing, 55

Services for the urban poor: A people-centredapproach, 54

Services for the urban poor: Guidelines for policymakers, planners and egineers, 55

Shanty upgrading: Technical handbook for upgradingfor upgrading squatter and shanty settlements, 55

Shelter provision and employment generation, 56Site supervisor course for labour- based and

community-managed upgrading of urban low-income settlement:

Small earth dams. Booklet No. 5, 49Soil conservation project design and implementation

using labour intensive techniques, 45Standard procedures for the procurement of works, 20Standardised procedures for the presentation of work

plans, 31Start and improve your construction Business (SIYB):

Contracting enterpreneurial training programme, 23Start your waste collection service: 56Stone: An introduction, 35Stone masonry. Booklet No. 2, 49Stone-paving blocks: Quarrying, cutting and dressing.

Booklet No. 8, 49Storm drainage: An engineering guide to the low-cost

evaluation of system performance, 57Supplement to the labour supply guide: Wage rates on

labour-based construction projects in the presenceof high rates of inflation and overvalued exchangerates, 30

Surface water drainage for low-income communities,57

Sustainable sewerage: Guidelines for communityschemes, 57

TTaking risks,background papers, 31Technical manual for low volume roads upgraded and

constructed using labour-based methods inLesotho, 40

Technology choice for the construction andmaintenance of roads in developing countries:Developments and guidelines, 46

Technology choice in civil engineering practice:Experience in the road sector, 46

The administration of labour-intensive works done bycontract. Practical guide, 19

The bridge(video), 60



VVetiver grass: The hedge against erosion, 45

WWasted Time: The price of poor access, 13Women and rural transport: Assessment of their role

in Sub-Saharan Africa, 11Workshop on technology choice in civil engineering,

University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 12th – 16th March1988, 45

ZZOPP flip charts: Training materials for ZOPP

moderators, 32

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TOOLTOOLTOOLTOOLTOOLSarphatistraat 650Amsterdam 1018 AVThe NetherlandsTel: +31-20-6264409Fax: +31-20-6277489

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Urban Waste Expertise ProgrammeUrban Waste Expertise ProgrammeUrban Waste Expertise ProgrammeUrban Waste Expertise ProgrammeUrban Waste Expertise ProgrammeNieuwehaven 201Nieuwehaven 201Nieuwehaven 201Nieuwehaven 201Nieuwehaven 2012801 C GoudaThe NetherlandsTel: +31-182-522625Fax: +31-182-550313Email: [email protected]: http://www.waste.nl

World Health OrganisationWorld Health OrganisationWorld Health OrganisationWorld Health OrganisationWorld Health OrganisationDivision of Public Information & Education for HealthAvenue Appia1211 Geneva 27SwitzerlandTel: +41-22-791-2111Fax: +41-22-791-0746Email: [email protected]

International Labour OfficeInternational Labour OfficeInternational Labour OfficeInternational Labour OfficeInternational Labour OfficePublications4 routes des MorillonsCH-1211 Geneva 22SwitzerlandTel: +22-798-6358Fax: +22-799-6111Email: [email protected]

I.T. TransportI.T. TransportI.T. TransportI.T. TransportI.T. TransportThe Old Power StationArdington, Wantage, OX12 8QJUKTel: 44-235-832186Fax: +44-235-833753/833753

John Wiley & SonsJohn Wiley & SonsJohn Wiley & SonsJohn Wiley & SonsJohn Wiley & SonsBaffins Lane, ChichesterWest SussexPO19 1UDUK

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Lund Centre for Habitat StudiesLund Centre for Habitat StudiesLund Centre for Habitat StudiesLund Centre for Habitat StudiesLund Centre for Habitat StudiesPO Box 118Lund S-221 00SwedenTel: +46-46-222-9761Fax: +46-46-222-4545Email: lchs.lth.se

Management of Appropriate Road TechnologyManagement of Appropriate Road TechnologyManagement of Appropriate Road TechnologyManagement of Appropriate Road TechnologyManagement of Appropriate Road TechnologyLoughborough University of TechnologyLoughborough LE11 3TUUKTel: +44-1509-223772Fax: +44-1509-211079

Ministry of Public Works and HousingMinistry of Public Works and HousingMinistry of Public Works and HousingMinistry of Public Works and HousingMinistry of Public Works and HousingRoads DepartmentPO Box 30260NairobiKenyaTel: +254-2-723101Fax: +254-2-720044

Ministry of WorksMinistry of WorksMinistry of WorksMinistry of WorksMinistry of WorksLabour Construction UnitPO Box 1283Maseru 100LesothoTel: +266-500770/314514/325408Fax: +266-310508

SABITASABITASABITASABITASABITAPO Box 6946Roggebai 8012South AfricaTel: +27-21-212577Fax: +27-21-251279


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Notes

The Labour-Based Technology Source Book - SSATP€¦ · 6 The labour-based technology source book...

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