The Kingdom FungiThe Kingdom Fungi

The Kingdom Fungi

Q1. Cause disease crop damage (blights)

-------------------------------------------- Leven for bread decompose food

Some fungi are harmfulSome fungi are harmful

Cause diseaseCause disease

Crop damage (blights)Crop damage (blights)

Illegal drugsIllegal drugs

The Kingdom Fungi

Q1. Cause disease crop damage (blights)

-------------------------------------------- Leven for bread decompose food

Some fungi are helpfulSome fungi are helpful

leavening for breadleavening for bread

decompose organismsdecompose organisms

foodfood

medicinemedicine

The Kingdom Fungi

Q1. Cause disease crop damage (blights)

-------------------------------------------- Leven for bread decompose food

How Fungi Differ from Plants How Fungi Differ from Plants

* Lack tissues* Lack tissues

* Lack chlorophyll* Lack chlorophyll

* Chitin instead of cellulose* Chitin instead of cellulose

The Kingdom Fungi

Q1. Cause disease crop damage (blights)

-------------------------------------------- Leven for bread decompose food

Fungi areFungi are

* heterotrophic* heterotrophic

- - saprophyticsaprophytic

- - parasiticparasitic

The Kingdom Fungi

Q1. Cause disease crop damage (blights)

-------------------------------------------- Leven for bread decompose food

study of fungi =study of fungi =

mycologymycology

hyphaehyphae::slender filamentsslender filaments

body of fungusbody of fungus

Septate fungusSeptate fungus::cell walls (septa) cell walls (septa) pores for cytoplasmpores for cytoplasm

Nonseptate fungiNonseptate fungi::no cell walls no cell walls multinucleatemultinucleate

Fairy RingFairy Ring

Hyphae TypesHyphae Types

1) 1) rhizoids:rhizoids:

embedded; embedded;

supports fungus;supports fungus;

digests fooddigests food

Hyphae TypesHyphae Types

2) 2) Aerial hyphae:Aerial hyphae:

not embedded;not embedded;

absorb oxygen;absorb oxygen;

produce spores;produce spores;

spread fungusspread fungus

Hyphae TypesHyphae Types

3) 3) stolons:stolons:

produce new filamentsproduce new filaments

Hyphae TypesHyphae Types

4) 4) haustoriahaustoria::

enter host cellsenter host cells

Hyphae TypesHyphae Types

5) 5) myceliamycelia::

mass of hyphaemass of hyphae

fungi are placed into phylafungi are placed into phyla

based onbased on

Method of Sexual ReproductionMethod of Sexual Reproduction

Phylum ZygomycotaPhylum Zygomycota

Hyphae fuse to form zygoteHyphae fuse to form zygote

Phylum ZygomycotaPhylum Zygomycota

Ex: black bread moldEx: black bread mold

Ex: downy mildewEx: downy mildew

Fungi reproduction

Phylum AscomycotaPhylum Ascomycota

““Sac fungi”Sac fungi”

Form Form ascosporesascospores inside a sac called an inside a sac called an

ascusascus

Phylum AscomycotaPhylum Ascomycota

““Sac fungi”Sac fungi”

Form Form ascosporesascospores inside a sac called an inside a sac called an

ascusascus

Ex: penicillumEx: penicillum Ex: yeast Ex: yeast

Phylum BasidiomycotaPhylum Basidiomycota

““Club fungi”Club fungi”

Form Form basidiosporesbasidiospores inside a club-shaped inside a club-shaped

cellcell

called an called an basidiumbasidium

Phylum BasidiomycotaPhylum Basidiomycota

““Club fungi”Club fungi”

Ex: smut puff ball shelf fungiEx: smut puff ball shelf fungi

Doctor Website on Fungus

http://perridermatology.com/blog/category/fungus

The Kingdom Fungi

Q1. Cause disease crop damage (blights)

-------------------------------------------- Leven for bread decompose food

LinksLinks

Mushroom growing link

Fungal varieties

Mycology Life

Smashing a Giant Puffball

Killer Fungi

lichenslichens:: fungus & algae living togetherfungus & algae living together

Type of Type of symbiosissymbiosis: living together: living together

MutualismMutualism: mutually benefits both. : mutually benefits both.

Fungus provides support & protection.Fungus provides support & protection.

Algae or cyanobacteria provide sugars.Algae or cyanobacteria provide sugars.

lichenslichens

Hardy, pioneersHardy, pioneers

Ex: reindeer moss = food source Ex: reindeer moss = food source

3 basic types of 3 basic types of lichenslichens

1)1) crustosecrustose: like flat smears of dried paint: like flat smears of dried paint

2)2) foliosefoliose: leaflike: leaflike

3)3) fruticosefruticose: shrubby with fruiting bodies: shrubby with fruiting bodies

MycorrhizaeMycorrhizae::

Fungus & plants living together.Fungus & plants living together.

Fungi provide increased absorption.Fungi provide increased absorption.

Plants provide sugars.Plants provide sugars.

Fun Facts about Fungi

It is estimated that there are over a MILLION species of FUNGI

but only about 10% have been officially described in the scientific literature.

Fun Facts about Fungi

Fermentation by the yeast fungus is used in the leavening of bread

and other baked products.

Fun Facts about Fungi

Fungi truffles are delicacies that cost $1,000 – 2,000 a pound

and have a strong earthy taste.

Fun Facts about Fungi

As agents of PLANT DISEASE, FUNGI cause annual crop losses in excess of

THREE BILLION dollars in North America.

Fun Facts about Fungi

EIGHTY-FIVE BILLION tons of carbon is returned annually to the atmosphere as

carbon dioxide by decay of cellulose.Most of this is by fungi.

Fun Facts about Fungi

Each forest tree has hundreds of thousands of kilometres

of mycorrhizal fungi hyphae supplying it with water and inorganic salts.

Fun Facts about Fungi

All the citric acid used in soft drinks, candies, artificial lemon juice, baked goods etc.

is produced industrially by fungus fermentation.

Fun Facts about Fungi

The blue mold, Penicillium, is used in the ripening process to prepare speciality cheeses.

Fun Facts about Fungi

Yeast fungus is used in thefermentation processes that result in the

production of beers, wines and spirits.

Fun Facts about Fungi

The first antibiotic PENICILLIN, and many others,are made by fungi.

Fun Facts about Fungi

Bioremediationis the use of fungus and bacteria

to remove pollution.

Fun Facts about Fungi

The anti-rejection drug CYCLOSPORINE,produced by a fungus,

is in large part responsible for the current success in organ transplants.

Q12Q12

Draw & label a mushroom.Draw & label a mushroom.

cap

gills

stipe

basido-carp

Info for LabInfo for Lab

Zygomycota zygospore picturesZygomycota zygospore pictures

Zygomycota and strawberriesZygomycota and strawberries