Miguel de Moragas and Miguel Botella, Editors

The Keys to

The social, sporting, economic

and Communications impact of

Barcelona992

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The Keys to SuccessThe Social, Sporting, Economic

and Communication Impactof Barcelona '92

The Keys to SuccessThe Social, Sporting, Economic

and Communication Impactof Barcelona '92

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The contents of this book cannot be reproduccd,neither ¡n whole ñor in part, wilhout the previouswritten consent of the authors.

© Centre d'Estudis Olímpics i de l'EsportUniversitat Autónoma de BarcelonaEdifici B. 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona, España)

© Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaServei de PublicacionsEdifici A. 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona, España)

Editors: Miquel de Moragas and Miquel BotellaEditorial coordination: Miquel Gómez, EstherMartí and Nuria GarcíaTranslations: Jcffrcy Swartz, Matlhew TreeCover Design: Josep Maria Trias

First edition: November 1995

Legal Deposit: B. 44.139-1995ISBN 84-490-0450-0Photocomposition: Víctor Igual, S. L.Printing: Dúplex, S. A.Binding: Encuademaciones Maro, S. A.Printed in Spain

Table of Contents

Joan Antoni SamaranchPresiden/ of'the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Olympic C o m m i t t e e . . . 7

PresentationPasqual MaragallPresiden! ofthe COOB '92Mayor of Barcelona 9

IntroductionJosep Miquel AbadCouncillor Delégate ofthe COOB '92A S u m m a r y o f t h e A c t i v i t i e s o f t h e C O O B ' 9 2 . . . . 1 1

O r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e G a n t e sM i q u e l B o t e l l aT h e K e y s t o S u c c e s s o f t h e B a r c e l o n a G a m e s . . . . 18

SportsEnric TrunoBarcelona, City of Sport 43

Manuel LlanosThe Participaron of the Spanish Olympic Committee inthe Success of 1992 57

MÍISS MediaMiquel de Moragas/Nancy Rivenburgh/ Nuria GarcíaTelevisión and the Construction of Identity:Barcelona, Olympic Host 76

Muriel Ladrón de Guevara/Xavier Cóller/ Daniel RomaníThe Image of Barcelona '92 in the International Press . 107

The Paralympic Games of Barcelona '92Fernand LandryParalympic Games and Social Integration 124

PoliticsJoan BotellaThe Política Games: Agents and Strategies in the 1992Barcelona Olympic Games 139

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SocietyFaustino Miguélez/Pilar CarrasquerThe Repercussion of the Olympic Games on Labour . . 149

Andreu ClapésThe Volunteers of Barcelona '92: The Great Festivalof Participation 165

John MacAloonBarcelona '92: the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology. 181

Urban PlanningLluís MilletThe Games of the City 188

EconomicsFerran BrunetAn Economic Analysis of the Barcelona'92 OlympicGames: Resources, Financing, and Impact 203

TechnologyJordi Lópe77Ferran PastorBarcelona '92: Strategies of Technology 238

Josep BertránThe Technological Image of the Barcelona Olympic Games 254

EpilogueFidel SustGeneral Director of Sports of the Generalitat of CatalunyaThe Sports Legacy of the Barcelona Games 261

Bibliography of Barcelona '92Dolors Aparicio 266

AppendixCentre for Olympic and Sport Studies.International Olympic Chair.Barcelona Olympic Foundation 276

APPENDIX

CENTRE FOR OLYMPIC AND SPORTS STUDIESINTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC CHAIR

The Autonomous University of Barcleona, coinciding withthe challenge that the nomination of Barcelona as the site ofthe XXV Olympiad signified, created in 1988 the Centre forOlympic and Sports Studies, dedicated to research, documen-tation, training and the spread of information concerning theOlympic movement and sport.

With this academic activity, the Autonomous University ofBarcelona contributes to the promotion of the valúes and ideasof peace found in the Olympic movement and in sport.

The centre is governed by a consortium made up of the Au-tonomous University of Barcelona, the Spanish Olympic Com-mittee, the City of Barcelona, and the Diputación (or provincialadministration) of Barcelona.

Various agreements and collaborations have been set upwith the International Olympic Committee, the SuperiorSports Council, the General Secretariat for Sport of the Ge-neralitat of Catalonia, the Caixa d'Estalvis i de Pensions deBarcelona, the Fundación ONCE, and Football Club Barce-lona.

International Olympic Chair

The first International Olympic Chair was created as a re-sult of a specific agreement signed between the AutonomousUniversity of Barcelona and the International Olympic Com-mittee in Lausanne, in January, 1995.

The Chair has a Coordinating Committee made up of repre-sentatives of the Autonomous University of Barcelona and theInternational Olympic Committee.

The Centre for Olympic and Sports Studies is the admins-trator of the Chair. The Autonomous University of Barcelonaand the International Olympic Committee designated as thefirst general coordinator Dr. Miquel de Moragas, Professor ofCommunication.

The holders of the Chair assume the post on a temporarybasis and have the condition of International Olympics Pro-fessors, being professors of reknowned prestige in the socialsciences and humanities. The first International Olympic

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Chair was held by Dr. John MacAloon of the University ofChicago.

OBJECTIVES

The Centre for Olympic and Sports Studies and the Interna-tional Olympic Chair have the following priorities:

1. Collaborate with the international Olympic movementand with different national and international sports bodies inacademic, scientific and cultural questions.

2. Carry out research tasks on the Olympic movement andsport, especially in the áreas of humanities and the social scien-ces.

3. Organize informational university courses and a PostGradúate program on the Olympic movement and sport.

4. Bring together and make available documentation to stu-dents and researchers through an information and documenta-tion service.

5. Promote international academic activities and coordina-tion between specialized university centres and institutes.

6. Assist in the scientific and social extensions of studiesdone, through symposiums, lectures, and publications.

ACTIVITIES

The Centre for Olympic and Sports Studies and the Interna-tional Olympic Chair carry out the following activities:

Educational activities• Master in Communication and Sport

The Centre for Olympic and Sports Studies, in cooperationwith the Faculty of Information Sciences, the Faculty of Poli-tical Science and Sociology, the Department of Journalismand the Department of Audio-Visual Communication andPublicity, along with the Catalán National Institute of Physi-cal Education, offers students with degrees and professionalsin the sector highly specialized training in communicationand sport.

• University Program in Marketing and Sports SponsorshipSponsorship and sport establish múltiple relations that con-dition the sports administration, while at the same time af-fecting many related commercial activities in aspects such aseconomic administration, the planning of mass media andpublicity strategies of a great number of commerical inter-

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ests, which cannot be understood without these new rela-tions.The goal of this program is to train highly qualified profes-sionals able to respond to this new situation.

• University Program in Televisión and SportThe goal of this program is to train expert professionals in thevarious relations betwen televisión and sport and its effectson consumer society, as well as the promotion and spread ofinformation concerning research on televisión and sport froma multidisciplinary approach.

Research activities

• Áreas of Research— Mass media, sport and the Olympic movement— Olympic ceremonies— Olympic Games, enviroment and urban planning— Adapted sport and the Paralympic Games— Politics/Law/Economics of sport— Olympic and sports documentaion— Olympic and sports history— Sports and Olympic sponsorship— Sports pedagogy and education— International relations and the Olympic Games— Psychology of sport.

The International Olympic Chair establishes an annual pro-gram of research subject to the approval of the Chair's Coordi-nating Committee.

• Consulting servicesThe centre offers a consulting service in all áreas of its re-search specialties to institutions and sports bodies, sponsor-ing enterprises of sport, the mass media, and others.

Publications

— Working papers (38 publications in 1995)— Academic monographs— Symposium proceedings

Documentation Services

The centre has available an information and documentationservice specialized in the Olympic movement and sport. It isconnected on-line with the library service of the Autonomous

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University of Barcelona and has sufficient technological re-sources to connect up with international data bases.

The International Olympic Chair is specialized in document-ation corresponding to the modern period in the Olympic move-ment, from the Games of 1972 to the 1996 Centennial, withspecial interest in the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games.

Information and promoción of Olympic ideáis

The International Olympic Chair, in cooperation with theAssociation of National Olympic Committees and the OlympicAcademies, participates in the extensión of information con-cerning the Olympic movement internationally.

The first symposium organized by the Chair in 1995 was de-dicated to the Olympic ceremonies.

CENTRE FOR OLYMPIC AND SPORTS STUDIESINTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC CHAIR

Autonomous University of BarcelonaEdifici B. 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona)Tel. (3) 581-1992 / FAX (3) 581-2139E-mail: ICEO2@ cc.uab.esInternet: Telnet BABEL.UAB.ES

BARCELONA OLYMPIC FOUNDATION

In February of 1993 the Barcelona Olympic Foundation wasfounded. For the first time after the end of an Olympic Games,the Organizing Committee created a foundation and a perma-nent exhibition where the most significant and exciting mo-ments of the Barcelona Games could be relived.

The Foundation is governed by a board made up of the fol-lowing institutions and individuáis with life participation: theCity of Barcelona, the Spanish Olympic Committee, the Span-ish Government —through the Superior Sports Council— andthe Honourable Joan Antoni Samaranch. Others patrons arethe Barcelona '92 Entrepreneurs Association, the President ofBarcelona Promotion, the Olympic Volunteers, and well-known figures linked to the organization of the Games: Mr. Jo-sep Miquel Abad and Mr. Roma Cuyas.

The first Board of the Barcelona Olympic Foundation iscomprised of the following people:

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President

First Vice-President

Second Vice-President

Third Vice-President

Lifetime trastee

Trustee/GeneralRepresentativeTrusteeTrastee

Trustee

Trastee

SecretaryDirector

The Honourable Pasqual Maragall iMira (City of Barcelona)The Honourable Carlos Ferrer Salat(Spanish Olympic Committee)The Honourable Rafael Cortés Elvi-ra (Superior Sports Council)The Honourable Josep Lluís Vila-seca i Guasch (Generalitat de Cata-lunya)The Honourable Juan Antonio Sa-maranch

The Honourable Josep Miquel AbadThe Honourable Roma CuyasMr. Leopoldo Rodés (Barcelona '92Entrepreneur's Association)The Honourable Enric Truno (Bar-celona Promoció, S.A.)A representative of the Olympic Vo-lunteersMr. Raimon BergósMr. Miquel Torres

OBJECTIVES

The Barcelona Olympic Foundation has as its objective thespread of information concerning the Barcelona Olympic Games,as well the promotion and investigation of cultural, ethical,sports and other valúes arising from the Olympic ideáis.

It has as its specific objective, among other more generalobjectives, the establishment, maintenance and promotion ofan exhibition and a permanent centre of information and in-vestigation, available to the public, that offers a global visión ofthe Barcelona Olympic Games and all that they represented, aswell as a more general knowledge of the Olympic movement.

The Barcelona Olympic Foundation hopes to establish agree-ments with other institutions to carry out projects in coopera-tion.

FACILITIES

The Barcelona Olympic Foundation is found in the emblem-atic Montjuic Olympic Stadium, the ideal place for the devel-opment of its objectives. With a space of 1,535 square metres,

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prepared by the architects Ricard Sans and Lluís Samaranch,these facilities have the qualities necessary to carry out the ex-pected activities.

The Barcelona Olympic Foundation has six spaces: the per-manent exhibition; the temporary exhibition; the photo and vi-deo library, reference room and archives; the reception/shop;the administration área; the auditorium; and a space dedicatedto the Olympic movement.

Olympic Gallery

The Olympic Gallery has a large space of 760 square metresdivided into the following spaces:

The Permanent Exhibition. 484 square metres of space arededicated to the Games of the XXV Olympiad and the IX Pa-ralympic Games of Barcelona '92.

The Temporary Exhibition. The gallery has a space of 276square metres reserved for the presentation of temporary exhi-bitions (with themes on culture, sport and the Olympic move-ment). The first temporary exhibition was dedicated to the open-ing ceremonies of the Olympic Games and Paralympics.

ACTIVITIES

The Barcelona Olympic Foundation has organised variousactivities of a cultural and research nature in the world of sportand the Olympic movement. Research grants have been givenfor studies of sport and the Olympic movement. Courses forOccupational Training, practicums for students of ProfessionalTraining schools and Audio-Visual seminars have been organi-zed. In 1995 the Olympic Forum and Audio-visual Biennal arebeing organized.

SERVICES

Photography Library. The photographic archive is made upof approximately 200,000 images, with 30,000 of them copiedon láser disk.

Video and Audio-Visual Library. The Video collection has5,000 tapes produced from 1983 to 1992. There are also 2,600tapes made by the RTO during the Olympic Games.

Reference Room. This room is equipped with necessary me-dia to consult photography, videos, publications and documen-tation.

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Auditorium-Projection Room. The foundation has a multi-use room with capacity for 180 people where a complete pro-gram of audio-visual productions are offered daily. Furthermo-re, its can house meetings, seminars, symposiums, lectures andpress conferences, among other events.

Audio-Visual Department. This department responds to alldemands received from individuáis, enterprises, agencies andinstitutions concerning the images of the Olympic Games,whether video or photographic.

BOUTIQUE

The visitor to the Olympic Gallery can acquire various ob-jects related to the Barcelona Games and the Olympic move-ment (publications, posters, videos, t-shirts, pins and others).

FUNDACIÓ BARCELONA OLÍMPICA

Estadi OlímpicPg. Olimpia s/n, baixos08038 BarcelonaTel. (3) 426-0660/ FAX (3) 426-9200

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