The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are...
-
Upload
amelia-stafford -
Category
Documents
-
view
223 -
download
0
Transcript of The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are...
![Page 1: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Judicial Branch
NEXT
![Page 2: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law
The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts.
Reading Focus
• In what ways is the United States a nation of laws?
• What are the five sources of law in the United States?
• What roles do the courts play in the United States?
NEXT
The Main Idea
![Page 3: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Two basic types of law:
• Criminal Law – defines what acts are crimes
• Civil Law – helps settle disputes between people
Five main sources of law:
Statutory law – passed by lawmaking bodies
Common law – set by judicial decisions based on common sense and previous decisionsAdministrative law – created by government agencies
Military law – based on the Uniform Code of Military Justice
Constitutional law – based on the Constitution and Supreme Court decisions
Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law1SECTION
NEXT
![Page 4: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Role of the Courts in the United States
• Use law to settle disputes
• Assure equal justice for all through fair trials
Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law1SECTION
NEXT
![Page 5: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Question: What roles do the courts play in the United States?
Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law1SECTION
NEXT
![Page 7: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Question: What roles do the courts play in the United States?
The Roles that Courts Play
• provide fair public trials
• ensure equal justice for all
Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law1SECTION
NEXT
![Page 8: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Section 2: The Federal Court System
The federal court system consists of the three levels of courts, each of which has specific duties.
Reading Focus
• What is the purpose of the U.S. district courts?
• How are the U.S. courts of appeals different from the district courts?
• What is the role of the Supreme Court?
NEXT
The Main Idea
![Page 10: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cases tried in the federal courts:
• Cases involving people charged with disobeying the Constitution, violating a U.S. treaty, or breaking laws passed by Congress
• Charges brought by a foreign country against the United States or its citizens
• Crimes committed on U.S. ships at sea
• Ambassadors and consuls charged with breaking laws in a foreign country
• Crimes committed on certain federal properties
• Disagreements between the states
• Lawsuits between citizens of different states
Section 2: The Federal Court System2SECTION
NEXT
![Page 11: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Organization of Federal Courts
• Ninety-four district courts—at base of system; jury trials held here
• Courts of Appeal—review district court cases; 12 courts of appeal cover circuits; panels of judges make the decisions
• U.S. Supreme Court—highest court in the land; an appeals court; decisions are final
Section 2: The Federal Court System2SECTION
NEXT
![Page 13: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Role of the Supreme Court
• Reviews cases from lower federal courts and state courts
• Constitutional jurisdiction over:
• cases involving diplomatic representatives from other countries
• disputes between states
• disputes between states and federal government
Section 2: The Federal Court System2SECTION
NEXT
![Page 14: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Question: Which cases are tried in federal courts?
Section 2: The Federal Court System2SECTION
NEXT
![Page 15: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Question: Which cases are tried in federal courts?
Federal Court Cases
• constitutional violations
• U.S. treaty violations
• congressional law violations
• cases between a foreign government and a U.S. citizen or the government
• crimes committed on U.S. ships at sea
• cases involving U.S. ambassadors and consuls who broke laws in their stationed countries
• crimes committed on certain types of federal property
• disagreements between states or citizens of different states
Section 2: The Federal Court System2SECTION
NEXT
![Page 16: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Section 3: The Supreme Court
The Supreme Court hears appeals, reviews laws, and strongly influences American society.
Reading Focus
• What is the power of judicial review?
• What are the constitutional checks on the Supreme Court's powers?
• How has the Supreme Court strengthened constitutional rights?
NEXT
The Main Idea
![Page 17: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Process through which cases are tried in the Supreme Court:
• Thousands of cases are appealed to the Court each year.
• One hundred to 200 cases are selected for the docket.
• Selected cases contain significant public interest or questions.
• Four out of nine justices must vote to hear a case.
• Previous verdicts stand for rejected cases.
Section 3: The Supreme Court3SECTION
NEXT
![Page 18: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Supreme Court justices
• Are appointed by the president and approved by a Senate majority vote.
• Are appointed for life but may be impeached.
Section 3: The Supreme Court3SECTION
NEXT
![Page 19: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Judicial review has strengthened the Court's power.
• Courts decide if a law or presidential action is constitutional.
• Supreme Court has the ultimate power of judicial review.
Section 3: The Supreme Court3SECTION
NEXT
![Page 21: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Congress can limit the Court's power.
• Can rewrite laws to make them constitutional
• Can amend the Constitution to include new laws
Section 3: The Supreme Court3SECTION
NEXT
![Page 23: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Question: How has judicial review strengthened the Supreme Court's power, and how does Congress limit this power?
Section 3: The Supreme Court3SECTION
NEXT
![Page 24: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Question: How has judicial review strengthened the Supreme Court's power, and how does Congress limit this power?Judicial Review
Strengthen - It asserted the Court's power to declare laws of Congress and presidential acts unconstitutional.
Congress
Limit - Congress may pass a similar law abiding by the Constitution or may try to amend the Constitution.
Section 3: The Supreme Court3SECTION
NEXT
![Page 25: The Judicial Branch NEXT. Section 1: Equal Justice Under the Law The rights of all U.S. citizens are protected by laws and the courts. Reading Focus In.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/5697bfc11a28abf838ca453d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Describe the types of laws that exist in the United States.
• What services do U.S. courts provide?
• Which cases are tried in federal courts?
• How is the federal court system organized?
• How are appointments made to the Supreme Court, and how long do justices serve?
• How does the Supreme Court limit Congress's power, and how does Congress reassert it?
Chapter 7 Wrap-Up
NEXT
Wrap-Up