The joints of the bones of limbs SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu.
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Transcript of The joints of the bones of limbs SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu.
The joints of the bones of limbs
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu
一、 The joint of upper limb
(一) The joints of shoulder girdle
1 、 Sternoclavicular Joint :
Characteristic :,articular disc
Articular disc
Composition: Sternal end of clavicle Clavicular notch of sternum
(一) The joints of shoulder girdle
Movements:
forwards and backwards (20-30°) elevation and depression (60°) circumduction
Composition:
3 、 Coracoacromial Ligament
Coracoacromial arch :
Coracoacromial Ligament
2 、 Acromioclavicular Joint
acromion
coracoacromial lig.
coracoid process
Acromion
coracoid process
(二) The joints of free upper limb
1 、 Shoulder Joint
Glenoid cavity
Head of humorus
肱骨头
Characteristic :
head of humerus
glenoid cavity of scapulaComposition :
Accessory structures
1) Glenoid labrum :
2) Coracohumeral ligament
Movements: flexion and extention, adduction , abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction
2 、 Elbow Joint
① Humeroulnar joint : formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch
② Humeroradial joint : formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius
③ Proximal radioulnar joint :formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna
Composition:
Character: ①capsule:
②ligament : Radial collacteral ligament 、
Ulnar collacteral ligament 、
Annular ligament of radius
Annular ligamentof radius
Radial collacteral ligament
Ulnar collacteral ligament
Movements:
flexion and extension, pronation supination
3 、 Joints between radius and ulna
( 1 ) Interosseous membrane of forearm ( 2 ) Proximal radioulnar joint
( 3 ) Distal radioulnar joint
movement
Pronation supination
4 、 Joints of Hand( 1 ) Radiocarpal Joint
Composion Articular fossa——Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulna
Articular head——Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiform
Characteristic : Capsule is lax and strengthened by surrounding ligament Movements : flexion , extension , adduction , abduction circumduction
4 、 Joints of Hand
( 2 ) Intercarpal joints
( 3 ) Carpometacarpal joints :
Carpometacarpal joint of thum
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Composition: trapezium and base of first metacarpal
Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition
( 4 ) Metacarpophalangeal joints
( 5 ) Interphalangeal joints
二、 Joints of Lower limb
(一) The joints of pelvic girdle
1 、 Sacroiliac Joint :Composition auricular surface of ilium
auricular surface of sacrum
( 1 ) Sacrotuberous Ligament
( 2 ) Sacrospinous Ligament
greater sciatic foramen lesser sciatic foramen
Sacrospinous Ligament
Sacrotuberous Ligament
greater sciatic foramen
lesser sciatic foramen
3 、 Pubic Symphysis 4 、 Obturator Membrane
interpubic disc
symphysial surface
interpubic disc
Composition:
5 、 Pelvis
• Composition:
paired hip bones
sacrum
coccyx
terminal line
• portions: greater pelvis lesser pelvis
Pelvic inlet
Pelvic outlet
lesser pelvis
tip of coccyx,
sacrotuberous ligament,
ischial tuberosity,
ramus of ischium,
inferior ramus of pubissymphys
is
promontory of sacrum, arcuate line,
pecten of pubis, pubic tubercle,
upper border of pubic symphysis
Terminal line : formed by
LargerSmall Outlet
Shallower, wideDeep , narrowPelvic cavity
Right angle (90~1000 )
Acute angle (70~750)
Subpubic angle
Round Oval or heart shapedInlet
Wide and short Narrow and longOverall
femaleMale
6. Main difference between male and femal pelvis
( 二) joints of free lower limb
1 、 Hip Joint
(1) Composition :Acetabulum
femoral head
(2) Characteristic :① acetabulum labrum ②
Articular capsule attachments:
③ ligaments :
iliofemoral ligament
Ligament of head of femur
transverse acetebular ligament
Pubofemoral lig.
Ischiofemoral ligament
(3) movement :
Flexion
Extention
Medial and lateral rotation
Circumdution
Addution
Abdution
2 、 Knee Joint
(1) Composition :(2) Characteristic : ① ligaments :
patellar lig.
Fibular collateral lig.
TibiaL collateral lig
Cruciate lig. Of knee
anterior cruciate lig.
posterior cruciate lig.
2 、 Knee Joint
(2) Characteristic :
② meniscus
medial meniscus : C
Lateral meniscus : O
③synovial membrane:Suprapatellar bursa
Alar folds
(3) movements :
flexion 、 extention ,
3 、 joints between tibia and fibula
Tibiofibular joint
Crural interosseous membrane
Anterior and posterior tibiofibular lig.
4 、 Joints of Foot
( 1 ) talocrural jiont ( Ankle Joint )
Characteristic:
Movement : dorsiflexion Plantaflexion
Medial lig.Lateral lig.
Distal end of tibia and fibula
Trochlea of talus
Composition
Talus
tibia
fibula
( 2 ) Intertarsal joint
Transverse tarsal joint
Movements:
inversion
eversion
Calcaneocuboid joint talocalcaneonavicular joint
( 3 ) Tarsometatarsal joint
( 4 ) Intermetatarsal joint
( 5 ) Metatarsophalangeal joint
( 6 ) Interphalangeal joint
5 、 Arch of foot :
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch
pronationsupination
Interphalangeal joint
Tarsometatarsal joint
Metatarsophalangeal joint
Tibial collateral
ligament
Patellar ligament
Fibular Collateralligament
Anterior cruciate ligment •
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
Myology
Introduction
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
Muscles of head
Muscles of neck
Muscles of trunk
Muscles of upper limb
Muscles of lower loimb
Muscle Belly
Tendon
aponeurosis
Tendinous intersections
Structure:
Long muscle
Short muscle
Flate muscle
Orbicular muscle
Shape and structure of skeletal muscles
二 、 The origin , insertion and function
insertion
origin
(一) Fascia
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
(二) Synovial Bursa
(三) Tendinous Sheath
Fibrous layer
Synovial layer mesotendon
Synovial cyst of wristSynovial cyst of wrist