The Jat People & Dhillons in HistoryKnow Thy Roots

By

Amarjit Singh Dhillon ( Dr. )

The Jat People & Dhillons in HistoryKnow Thy Roots By Amarjit Singh Dhillon ( Dr. ) First Edition Jan., 2010 Copy Right Open

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Publisher: Indo-Canadian Friendship Society Printer : Western Printers, Anardana Chauk, Patiala

The Jat People & Dhillons in HistoryKnow Thy Roots

By

Amarjit Singh Dhillon ( Dr. )

Dedicated to the Sons for The Soil everywhere and their well-wishers

ContentsIntroduction Page

SECTION IThe Jat People 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Chapter 1Etymology & Jats in Ancient Literature

Chapter 2Origin & Lineage

Chapter 3Various Writers on Origin of Jats

Chapter 4Jat People Demographics

Chapter 5Jat Kingdoms in Ancient India

Chapter 6Jat Kingdoms in Medieval India

Chapter 7The Rise of Jat Power & Jat Kingdoms in Early Modern Era

8. 9.

Chapter 8The Jat People Today

Chapter 9Some Important Dates[about the lives of some Jat People]

Section II10. Chapter 10Brief Description of

Some Jat-Sikh Sub-Castes(Gote) ( From A to J )

11.

Chapter 11Brief Description of Some Jat-Sikh Sub-Castes(Gote) ( From A to J )

SECTION IIIDhillons 12. 13. 14. 15. Chapter 12Dhillons: Origin & Growth

Chapter 13Religion & Geographical Distribution of Dhillons

Chapter 14Some Historical & Prominent Dhillons

Chapter 15Delhi Founded By Dhillons

SECTION IVDhillons of Punjab 16. 17. 18. Chapter 16Sikh Misls (including Dhillons Misl)

Chapter 17Sikh States & Sikh Principalities of Jats

Chapter 18Dhillons of Punjab

19.

Chapter 19Some Dhillons Shifted to Lakhi Jungle Area

Bibliography

IntroductionThe Jat People everywhere in the world are the sons of the soil in the true sense of the word. There are various theories of there origin. I have tried to cover each and every view point about their origin---some rational and some mythical. I have focused on the Jat People of India and particularly of Punjab. There seems to be a natural urge in evarybody to Know Ones Roots My intention is not to create a schism in the Society while writing on Jat People .It is rather an effort to see the social fabric of Indian Society and its ramification. It is an effort to see the working of common bonds within a section of the Society. The Scholars of India and abroad have worked very hard on it.Sociologically speaking, it is an important segment of Social Stratification. This book has been divided into Four Sections. Section I includes a general and historical study of The Jat People, its etymology, origin & lineage as well as Jat Kingdoms in Ancient, Medieval, Early Modern Era, Rise of Jat Power and Jat People Today. This Section also includes some important dates. Section II describes some JatSikh Sub-Castes(Gotras) preceeded by remarks about Jat-Sikhs by foreign writers of 18th Century.. Section III of the Booklet is about Dhillons in general, their origin & growth, religion & geographical distribution, some historical & prominent Dhillons upto the modern times. This Section also deals with the view that Delhi was founded by Dhillons Section IV discribes The Dhillons of Punjab in particular. It also narrates Sikh Misls (including DhillonsMisl), Sikh States and Sikh Pricipalities. Last but not least portion of this Section deals with the fact of history that some Dhillons shifted permanently to the Lakhi Jungle area of Punjab.Special space has been given to a Dhillon Family of Haryana. The writer of this small Book on The Jat People is grateful to The Computer which has provided all the relevant material about the Jat People in general and about Dhillons in particular. Naturally, the writer is obliged to all authors and unknown scholars who had put their works/views on different Websites. The writer of this Book is responsible for the mistakes, if any, and also for the deficiencies left therein. Amarjit Singh Dhillon (Dr.) Malton (ON), CANADA 30 August, 2009

The Jat People & Dhillons in HistoryKnow Thy Roots

SECTION IThe Jat People

Chapter 1Etymology & Jats in Ancient Literature Etymology of JatThe etymology of the name Jat is from the Middle Indic term jatta and ultimately from the Sanskrit jartika, which was the name of a tribe. Sir Alexander Cunningham noted that the early Arab writers upon their arrival in India called the Jat people Zaths. Archaeologists and writers have identified the Jat people with the ancient Getae and Scythian Massagetae.Sir Alexander Cunningham, former Director-General of the Archeological Survey of India, connected the name of the Scythian Xanthii. He considered the Jat people to be the Xanthi, who he also considered very likely to be called the Zaths (Jats) by early Arab writers.

Jats in Ancient Literature

Bhim Singh Dahiya states that the Jat people find a mention in Mahabharata and other ancient Indian literature. Mahendra Singh Arya believe that the shloka Jat Jhat Sanghate in famous Sanskrit scholar Panini's Astadhyayi refers to the Jat People as a Federation.

G. C. Dwivedi writes that the Persian Majmal-ut-Tawarikh mentions Jats and Meds as the descendants of Ham (son of Noah), living in Sind on the banks of the river Bahar.S.M. Yunus Jaffery believes that the Jat people have been mentioned in Shhnma, a well-known Persian epic.

The Jat People are a 31 million strong ethnic group of people native to South Asia in mainly the Punjab region of India and Pakistan. Other regions include Balochistan,

NWFP, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra. They are a kind of ethnic group, race, tribe and a people. The Jat People are considered to be descendants of Indo-Aryans, Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat People. The Jat People were designated by the British Empire as a Martial Race. Martial Races were races & peoples that were naturally warlike and aggressive in battle, and possess qualities like courage, loyalty, self sufficiency, physical strength, resilience, orderliness, hard working habits, fighting tenacity and have military strategy. The British Empire recruited heavily from these Martial Races for service in their Armies. A strategy that is still used today (21st century) in Armies of South Asian countries e.g. The famous Jat Regiment & The Gurkha Regiment. Many uneducated or semi-educated people think Jat means farmer-caste (caste = social group) but Jat really means race (race = ethnic group), which is very different. There are over 900 million farmers in south Asia and if Jat meant farmer then all of them would call themselves Jats but they don't. This is because of the fact that by Jat we mean race/ethnic group. In order to be a Jat you have to have the Jat DNA markers in your genetics. Therefore, the fact is that Jat means race/ethnic group, if some say "Jat means farmer-caste" correct them and their ignorance on the subject by telling them, that "Jat means race/ethnic group not farmer-caste".

Jat as a Caste Theory is a misconceptionThe biggest misconception regarding the term "Jat" is defining it as a "Caste" as per standards set by the Indian Caste System. Nothing can be far away from truth as this misconception. The fact that Jat is a Race has been widely supported by both historians and raciologists working in this field and has been discussed in detail by them.. When we use the word Caste while describing Jat-Sikh Sub-Castes, we mean Gote and certainly not a part of Cast-System as such. The Jat People follow different faiths and are engaged in different professions. They have a discrete and distinct cultural history that can be historically traced back to ancient times. Some have moved to Western countries for economic and family reasons. There some have risen to prominence among the immigrants in the West. Muslim Jat People in Pakistan The Jat are large tribal grouping, who are also found throughout the Punjab region of Pakistan . A significant numbers of Jats began to convert to Islam from the middle ages onwards Historically, Muslim Jat clans predominated in western Punjab, in areas which now are found in Pakistan. Traditionally, the districts of Gujranwala, Shaikhupura, Lahore, Sialkot and Gujrat were seen as strongholds of the Jats. Major Jat clans, the Cheema,

Chatha, Sandhu, Gill, Ghuman, Kahloon, Dhillon, Bajwa, ,Sidhu,Randhawa and Waraich predominated in this region. In the 19th Century, the British settled several Jats from central Punjab, including many from Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Jalandhar, into the Bar region, creating the modern canal colony districts of Faisalabad and Sahiwal. In south of Punjab, there were several Seraiki speaking Jat clans, such as the Jakhar, Khar, Daha, Dhandla, Makwal, Bohar, Ghallu, Kanju, Samtia and Sandhila. In what is now Haryana, there were communities of Mulla Jats, who were said to get their name from the local Haryanwi phrase. They were said to be unfortunate, on account of their alleged forced conversion to Islam during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Major Mulla Jat clans included the Malik, Godara,Nain, Khatri, Dandiwal, Bacchal and Ahlawat. Almost all the Mula Jat emigrated from Haryana, at independence. Both Jats and Rajputs from Haryana, are collectively referred to as Ranghar in Pakistan [ Kamboj and Sainis: Though thry are very close to the Jat People but their story is different which needs a separate Booklet ] There are now many Books on The Jat People Some of the important landmarks in History of Jat People are :It was in 1925 that Prof. Kalika Ranjan Quanungos History of the Jat appeared. It is a scholarly, but not an inspired work. Thakur Deshraj produced his book on Jat History in Hindi Jat Itihasa in 1934. It is a well-researched book and still serves as a reference book. It has not yet been translated in to English. Ram Swarup Joon has written another well researched book "History of the Jats" in Hindi in 1938 which was translated in English in 1967. In the last 80 years quite a few other books in Hindi came on the subject; notably by Kaviraj Dr. Yogender Pal Shastri, Capt. Dilip Singh Ahlawat,Hukam Singh Pauria, Dharmpal Dudi, Bal Kishan Dabas, etc. Bhim Singh Dahiya was a historian and civil servant belonging to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS). In 1982, he wrote the monumental book- "Jats the Ancient Rulers", published by Dahinam Publishers, Sonipat, Haryana. This book is a reconstruction of the History of Jats from time immemorial. His linkage of the clan names/ Gotras to the existence of the Jats in Central Asia, and Europe, put a stamp on the histiography of the Jat History, for the people who could not have access to the works in Hindi or Urdu. He brought out to the layman reader, that Chandragupta Maurya, the Kushans, the Second Guptas, and Harshavardhana were Jats. He showed how the G letter represented the J sound, as the J letter did not exist in the ancient Greek alphabet. The significance was that the Getae, whom the Chinese and Western and most Indian Historians know as the Yuezhi, are Jats, of whom Kushans were just one clan Kaswan, not a people unto themselves. In 1992, he brought out his next book- Rig Vedic Tribes and Aryans, published by Dahinam Publishers, Sonipat, Haryana. Here he demonstrated how over 80 Jat Goths, Gotras, clans could be traced back to the Rig Veda.

His third great work in the history is in the form of Book- History of Hindustan Vol. I, II, III. Dahinam Publishers, Sonipat, Haryana also published it. Dr Natthan Singh has written a very good book on Jat History in Hindi Jat Itihasa which is published by Jat Samaj Kalyan Parishad Gwalior in 2004. He was also editor of second edition (1992) of the book on Jat History Jat Itihas written in 1934 by Thakur Deshraj.

Chapter 2Origin & Lineage

1. Indo-Aryan Lineage

Jat Habitations Vedic Period The Indo-Aryan Origin of Jats has been advocated on the basis of ethnological, physical and linguistic standards by many historians like E.B.Havell, Qanungo,C.V.Vaidya, Sir Herbert Risley, Thakur Deshraj, Dr Natthan Singh , Mangal Sen Jindal etc. On the basis of historical facts the Jats are reported to be present in India from 3102 BC. Dr Natthan Singh writes that Jats were the Aryans and their original homeland was 'Saptasindhu'. They had to migrate from India on economic, social and political reasons after Mahabharata War for some period but they returned back to India. In the migration also they did not leave their language and cultural traditions. This view is also supported by Thakur Deshraj who writes that on the basis of ethnological, physical, cultural and linguistic characters Jats Aryans who inhabited the areas on the banks of Ganga-Yamuna or Sarswati-Sindhu during Vedic Civilization. Thakur Deshraj also tells that after the great Mahabharata war Krishna formed a democratic federation or Sangha of Clans known as Jtisangha . Initially Vrishni and Andhaka clans were included in this Sangha and later many clans joined it. Due to political situations Jats had to migrate

from India. They went up to Iran, Afghanistan, Arab, Turkistan. . Chandravanshi Kshatriyas known as Yadavas spread to Iran Sindh, Punjab, Saurashtra, Central India and Rajasthan. In north-east they went upto Bihar etc.. Even they went to Mongolia and Siberia. Greeks call themselves descendants of Krishna and Baladeva. China vanshi also consider themselves descendants of Aryans. The same people return to India in later periods with the names Shaka, Pahllava, Kushan, Yuezhi, Huna, Gujar The Sinsinwar Jat Rulers of Bharatpur have been recorded as Yadav, by Prakash Chandra Chandawat. Historian UN Sharma has mentioned the chronology of Krishna in which starting from Sindhupal in 64th generation of Krishna to Bharatpur ruler Maharaja Brijendra Singh (1929-1948) all the rulers are mentioned as Yaduvanshi Jats. Sidhu Jats are also Bhatti Rajput in origin, and thus Yaduvanshi in origin.

2.Indo-Scythian LineageIndo-Scythian Origin

Map of area around the Oxus River valley (modern name Amu Darya)

Asia in 323 BC, showing various Central Asian tribes including the Massagetae, Scythians, Dahae and their neighbors.

Map showing Scythia, including the Indo-Scythian region

The Sindh Valley is at the base of the Zojila Pass Through which people from Central Asia came

The Jat People are considered to be the descendants of Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat People. DNA studies have proved that Jat people are Indo-Scythian The original home of the Jats was in Central Asia near the country we now call Ukraine. Many recent DNA studies have provided scientific confirmation & proof that the Jats came from Ukraine, due to them having many Ukrainian DNA markers & Genes. DNA studies have proved that Jat People are Indo-Scythian. Professor B.S. Dhillon states that Jat People are mainly of Indo-Scythian Lineage with composite mixing of Sarmatians, Goths & Jutes in History and Study of the Jats. Historian James Tod agreed in considering the Jat People to be of Indo-Scythian Stock. Moreover, Sir Alexander Cunningham, Former Director-General of the Archeological Survey of India, also considered the Jat People to be the Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) of Scythian stock who he considered very likely called the Zaths (Jats) of early Arab writers. He stated "their name is found in Northern India from the beginning of the Christian era." These people were considered by early Arab writers to have descended from Meds and Zaths. Sir Cunningham believes they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century. Sir Alexander Cunningham held that the Rajputs belonged to the original Scythian stock, and the Jats to a late wave of immigrants from the north west, of Scythian race. There is also a mythlogical theory about the Origin of Jats which may be described briefly as under and also the reason behind it :-

Origin of Jat People from Shiva's LockThe mythological account of Origin of Jat people from Shiva's Locks was propounded by the author of Deva Samhita. Deva Samhita, is a collection of Sanskrit

hymns by Gorakh Sinha during the early medieval period. Devasamhita records the account of Origin of the Jats in the form of discussion between Shiva and Parvati . There is mention of Jat people in Deva Samhit in the form of powerful rulers over vast plains of Central Asia. When Prvat asks Shiva about the origin of Jat people, their antiquity and characters of Jat people, Shiva tells her like this :"They are symbol of sacrifice, bravery and industry. They are, like gods, firm of determination and of all the kshatriy, the Jat people are the prime rulers of the earth.. Shiva explains Parvati about the origin of Jat people as under: "In the beginning of the universe with the personification of the illusionary powers of Virabhadra and daughter of Daksha's gana's womb originated the caste of Jat people." Prvat asks, in the shloka-17 of 'Deva Samhit' about the origin and exploits of the Jat people, whom none else has so far revealed, Shiva tells Parvati that: "The history of origin of Jat people is extremely wonderful and their antiquity glorious. The Pundits of history did not record their annals lest it should injure and impair their false pride and of the vipras and gods. We describe that realistic history before you." Brahmanical legends of Origin of the Jats The two ethnologists, Russel and Hira Lal, give a different version of the above anecdote in the "Brahmanical legends of origin of the Jats", which is reproduced below: "The Jats relate the legend thus. On the occasion when Raja Daksha, father-in-law of Mahadeva (Shiva) was performing a great sacrifice, he invited all the gods to present except his son-in-law Mahadeva. The latter's wife, Parvati, was, however, very eager to go; so she asked Mahadeva to let her attend, even though she had not been invited. Mahadeva was unwilling to allow her, but finally consented. Daksha treated Parvati with great want of respect at the sacrifice, so she came home and told Mahadeva about her plight. When Mahadeva heard all this he was filled with wrath and untying his matted hair (jata) dashed it on the ground, whence two powerful beings arose from it. He sent them to destroy Daksha's sacrifice and they went and destroyed it. From these were descended the race of Jats, and they take their name from the matted locks (jata) of the Lord Shiva. Another saying of the Jats is that the ancestors of the Rajputs was from Kashyapa and that of the Jats from the Shiva. In the beginning these were the only two races in India." It is also mentioned that after the destruction of Daksha's sacrifice by Virabhadra and his ganas, the followers of Shiva, the defeated gods sought Brahma and asked his counsel. Brahma advised the gods to make their peace with Shiva. Shiva accepted his advice and restored the burnt head of Daksha and the broken limbs were made whole.

Then the Devas thanked Shiva for his gentleness, and invited him to sacrifice. There Daksha looked on him with reverence, the rite was duly performed, and there also Vishnu appeared. A compromise was achieved between Vaishnavas and followers of Shiva. The above account was set afloat during the medieval age which is marked by ascendancy of powerful Rajput warriors. It was a period of unhealthy growth of blind superstitions, the decay and death of adventure in science and thought in practical life. It was a period during which "the fairy of the fortune of the Jats, particularly after Harsha Vardhana, had gone to sleep." The account cast a spell on the mind of the simple Jat folk and soon became popular with them. They were taken by pious fraud that they were born from the highest bodily part (jata) of the highest god (Shiva) where as all others are born of the lower part of Brahma. The Brahmanical accounts wrongly interpret word jata as 'locks'. Since Jats were strong followers of Shiva and were his ganas. Word 'Jata' should be understood as a federation of clans in the light of Panini's Ashtadhyayi. The Linguistic and Religious Etymology about the origin of the word, 'Jata' is that it finds mention in most ancient Indian literature like Mahabharata, Ramayana and Rig Veda. Over sixty clans are named in the Rig Veda.[8] In the Mahabharata as they are mentioned Jartas in Karna Parva. The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Adhyy in the form of shloka as Jata Jhata Sanghate This means that the terms 'Jata' and 'democratic federation' are synonymous. He has mentioned many Jat clans as settled in Punjab and North west areas. They are mentioned in the grammar treatise of Chandra of the fifth century in the phrase sentence Ajay Jarto Hun , which refers to the defeat of Huns by two Jat rulers under the leadership of Yasodharman. Other Jat ruler who fought with him was Baladitya. Reasons behind this account According to Y.P. Shastri the account was propounded to win back the Jats, who had en masse embraced Buddhism, to Neo-Hinduism preached and propagated by Shankaracharya and his followers. This account seemed to work wonders as there are no followers of Buddhism in Jats. Whereas Y.P. Shastri hints at religious purpose of the account, A.B. Mukerjee, an ethno-geographer stresses its political and social purpose. According to him " at the end of the ancient period of Indian History great instability prevailed in the social structure of the people and great political changes were effected. The Rajputs became the rulers and Jats their subject, a fact very well borne out by historical data (Denzil Ibbetson:1916) consequently, the social status of the latter groups declined and they were regarded as of lowly ranks. Of course, after the fall of Harsha Vardhana of the Virk gotra, the political and social status of the Jats especially in Rajasthan, had declined to a great extent. Possibly to counteract the intolerable superiority assumed by the Rajputs, this account might have been invented. Bhim Singh Dahiya points to yet another purpose of the account. According to him "Something must have happened in the sixth or seventh century AD, during the course of the revival of orthodox Brahmanism, which made these people (Jats) persona non grata with the new orthodox. That is why when the Puranas were revised, their historical

details and even their names were removed therefrom. It is perhaps to this state of affairs that the Deva Samhita refers when it records that " nobody has published the truth about the origin and activities of the Jat race." At another place he assumes that "the Jats were the first rulers in the vast central Asian plains as per Deva Samhita." The account is obviously figurative and its use is simply allegorical. The meaning it conveys is that there were so many ganas of warrior tribes at the command of Virabhadra or Kartikeya, the son of Shiva, whose abode was the Sivalak mountain. The function of this mythological account may be to ensure a more honourable antiquity and status to the Jats in comparison with others. Historians Kephart, Hewitt and Waddel count the Jats among the ruling races of prehistoric times in India.

Chapter 3 Various Writers on Origin of Jats

Sir Alexander Cunningham, (Former Director-General of the Archeological Survey of India) wrote: The Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) are very probably the Zaths (Jats) of the early Arab writers. As the Zaths were in Sindh to the west of the Indus. This location agrees very well with what we know of the settlement of the Sakas (Scythians) on the Indian frontier. Sir John Marshall, (Former Director-General of the Archeological Survey of India) wrote: "These Scythian invaders came principally from the three great tribes of Massagetae (Great Jats), Sacaraucae, and Dahae (still exists as a Jat clan of Punjab)], whose home at the beginning of the second century B.C. was in the country between the Caspian Sea and the Jaxartes river (Central Asia) Arthur Edward Barstow wrote: "Greeks of Bactria (partly modern Afghanistan), expelled by the hordes of Scythians, entered India in the second and first centuries BC and are said to have penetrated as far as Orissa (an Indian province in southeast). Meanwhile the Medii, Xanthii, Jatii, Getae and other Scythian races, were gradually working their way from the banks of the Oxus (River valley in Central Asia) into Southern Afghanistan and the pastoral highland about Quetta (a Pakistani city), whence they forced their way by the Bolan Pass, through the Sulaiman Mountains into India, settling in the Punjab about the beginning of the first century AD. It is from these Scythian immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended." A.H. Bingley wrote: "It is from these Scythian Immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended." Professor J. Pettigrew wrote: "Another view holds that the Jats came from Asia Minor and Armenia in the successive invasions during the period 600 B.C. to A.D. 600."

Professor H.S. Willliams wrote: "The extent of the Scythian invasion has been variously estimated. Some scholars believe that they virtually supplanted the previous population of India (means Punjab), and there seems little doubt that by far the most numerous section of the Punjab population is of Scythian origin." Professor P.S. Gill wrote: "There is a general concensus of opinion that Jats, and with them Rajputs and Gujjars were foreigners who came from their original home, near the Oxus, Central Asia." Professor T. Sulimirski wrote: "The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas) & Massagetae (Great Jats) tribes from the Syr Darya Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darya tribes also invaded North India. H.A Rose wrote: "Many of the Jat tribes of Punjab have customs which apparently point to non-Aryan origin. Suffice it to say that both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of IndoScythian Stock. The former identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo (Greek Geographer of the ancient times) and the Jatii of Pliny (Roman writer) and Ptolemy (Another Greek Geographer of the ancient times); and held that they probably entered Punjab from their home on the Oxus (in Central Asia) very shortly after the Meds or Mands (still exist as one of the Jat clans of Punjab), who also were Indo-Scythians, and who moved into Punjab about a century before Christ." Sir H.M. Elliot wrote: "These ignorant tribes (Jats) pointing to the remote Ghazni (Afghanistan) as their original seat, the very spot we know to have been occupied by the Yuechi, or, as Klaproth says, more correctly, Yuti, in the first centuries of our era, after the Sakas (a Scythian tribe) were repelled back from the frontiers of India, and left the country between India and Persia open for their occupation. The Jat tribes no doubt emigrated, not all at once, but at different times, and it is probable that those in the North-West are among the latest importations." I. Sara wrote: "Recent excavations in the Ukraine and Crimea finds points to the visible links of the Jat and Scythians." C.J. Daniell wrote: "Jats, who describe their ancestors as being immigrants from the west." Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff wrote: "My conclusion, therefore, is, that the Jats may be of Scythian descent." U.S. Mahil wrote: "Jat were called Scythians; because they were the inhabitants of the ancient country of Scythia. The Jats who invaded Punjab and conquered India upto Benares were called Indo-Scythians."

J.F. Hewitt wrote: "Further evidence both of the early history and origin of the race of Jats, or Getae, is given by the customs and geographical position of another tribe of the same stock, called the Massagetae, or great (massa) Getae." Sir George MacMunn (Sir and Lt. General) wrote: "Alexander came to India in his capacity as the holder of the Persian throne. From his camp near Kabul (Afghanistan), the Macedonian (Alexander) summoned those chiefs whom Skylax (Persian general) had conquered in the old time before, to come and renew their homage to their ancient Persian overlord in the person of himself. Several obeyed his summons, others did not, and it has been surmised that those who did were later arrivals, of Jat or Scythian origin, outside the normal Aryan fold as late comers to India." S.M Latif wrote: "A considerable portion of the routed army of the Scythians settled in Punjab, and a race of them, called Nomardy, inhabited the country on the west bank of the Indus (river). They are described as a nomadic tribe, living in wooden houses, after the old Scythian fashion, and settling where they found sufficient pasturage. A portion of these settlers, the descendants of Massagetae, were called Getes, from whom sprung the modern Jats." Dr. G Singh wrote: "The Jats of Panjab, are Scythians in origin and came from Central Asia, whose one branch migrated as far south in Europe as Bulgaria. " N Singh wrote: "The Scythians appear to originate from Central Asia. They reached Punjab between 50 B.C. and A.D. 50. It seems probable that the Scythian ancestors of the Jats entered the Sindh Valley (presently in Pakistan Kashmir) between 100 B.C. and A.D. 100."

Chapter. 4 Jat People Demographics

The Jat People Religious Demographic

The Jat People are mainly concentrated in the greater Punjab Region

The Punjab Region is the old land which includes Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Punjab State and Pakistan Punjab Provinc.

South Asian Map distribution of Jat people. Jat people, in South Asia, are mostly concentrated in the greater Punjab Region

The census in 1931 in India recorded population on the basis of ethnicity. In 1925, according to Professor Qanungo the population of Jatts was around nine million in South Asia and was made up of followers of three major religions as shown below. Religion Hinduism Sikhism Islam Jat Population % 47% 20% 33%

Professor B.S. Dhillon, states by taking population statistical analysis into consideration the Jatt population growth of both India and Pakistan since 1925,

Professor Quanungo's figure of nine million could be translated into a minimum population statistic (1988) of 30 million. The 1931 census in India (the most comprehensive source of information about Jat People Demographics) recorded population on the basis of ethnicity. Based on this number and on figures for population growth rates, the Jat population for 1988 has been estimated at 30 million. According to earlier censuses, Jat People accounted for approximately 25% of the entire Sindhi-Punjabi speaking area. A regional break down of the total Jat population is given in the following table. Demographically, A.H. Bingley noted, "The Jats have sent a very high percentage of their eligible men to the army". Approx Percentage 73 % 12 % 9.2 % 2% 1.2 % 1% 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.3 % 0.3 %

Name of region

Jat Population 1931 Jat Population 1988

Punjab Region* Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Balochistan

6,068,302 1,043,153 810,114 148,993 93,726

22,709,755 3,651,036 2,845,244 581,477 369,365 302,700 216,139 187,072 98,473 104,972

North-West Frontier Province 76,327 Bombay Presidency Delhi 54,362 53,271

Central Provinces and Berar 28,135 Ajmer-Marwar 29,992

Total

8,406,375

31,066,253

100 %

*The Punjab Region includes Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab (India), Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Chapter 5

Jat Kingdoms in Ancient India

K.R. Kanungo writes that when Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh, the Kaikan Region in Sindh was in independent possession of the Jat People. In addition to frequent interaction with Jats (who for them represented Indians), the first Arab invasions of Persia and Sindh were met by the Jat People. According to Thakur Deshraj and Cunningham, Jat People of the Panwhar Clan ruled Umerkot in Sindh prior to Mughal ruler Humayun. Thakur Deshraj also mentions that the Susthan Region in Sindh was ruled by Chandra Ram, a Jat of Hala Clan. Chandra Ram lost his kingdom (known as Halakhandi) to the Muslim invaders sent by Muhammad bin Qasim. There is no information of any important Jat State in a period of two centuries following Kushan Rule. However, in the beginning of fifth century, there is evidence of the Jat Ruler Maharaja Shalinder ruling from "Shalpur" (the present-day Sialkot); his territory extended from Punjab to Malwa and Rajasthan. This is indicated by the Pali inscription obtained by James Tod from village Kanswain Kota State in year 1820 AD. Some Jat historians and other writers have mentioned in various references about the Ancient Jat Kingdoms. Some of them are listed below:

, Chandragupta Maurya [Born-340 B.C.. R ule 320B.C. -298B.C.]

He was the founder of The Maurya Empire. Chandergupta succeeded in bringing together most of the Indian sub-continent. As a result, he is considered thr first unifier of India and the first genuine emperor.

Ashoka Maurya [ Born 304 B.C.-Rule 273 B.C. to 232 B.C.] He is often cited as one of India's, as well as the world's, greatest emperors. Ashoka reigned over most of present-day India after a number of military conquestsHis reign was headquartered in Magadha (present-day Bihar, India). He embraced Buddhism from the prevalent Vedic tradition after witnessing the mass deaths of the war of

Kalinga, which he himself had waged out of a desire for conquest. He was later dedicated to the propagation of Buddhism across Asia and established monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha. Ashoka in human history is often referred to as the emperor of all ages. Ashoka was a devotee of ahimsa (nonviolence), love, truth, tolerance and vegetarianism. Ashoka is remembered in history as a philanthropic administrator. In the history of India Ashoka is referred to as Samraat Chakravartin Ashoka- the Emperor of Emperors Ashoka.

Samudragupta: ( 335-380 A.D. ) He was ruler of the Gupta Empire and successor to Chandragupta I, is considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in Indian history, and sometimes also called the 'Napoleon of India'. His name is taken to be a title acquired by his conquests (Samudra referring to the 'oceans'). Samudragupta is believed to have been his father's chosen successor even though he had several older brothers. Therefore, some believe that after the death of Chandragupta I, there was a struggle for succession in which Samudragupta prevailed. Chandragupta II: ( 375-413/15 A.D. ) He (very often referred to as Vikramaditya or Chandragupta Vikramaditya) was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta Empire. During his rule the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith. The period of prominence of the Gupta Dynasty is very often referred to as the Golden Age of India. He attained success by pursuing both a favorable marital alliance and an aggressive expansionist policy. In this his father and grandfather set the precedent. Kanishka ( 78 A.D.-103 A.D.-the latest research put as 123 A.D.-151 A.D. ) He was a king of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia, ruling an empire extending from Bactria to large parts of northern India in the 2nd century of the common era, and famous for his military, political, and spiritual achievements. His main capital was at Peshawar (Purushpura) in northwestern Pakistan, with regional capitals at the location of the modern city of Taxila in Pakistan, Begram in Afghanistan and Mathura in India. Yasodharman( early part of the 6th Century A.D.) He was the king of Malwa, in central India, during the early part of the 6th century. The Gupta empire had been weakened by the attacks of the Indo-Hephthalites, known in India as the Hunas, towards the end of the 5th century, which caused it to break up into smaller states. Yasodharman defeated a Huna army in 528 and their ruler Mihirakula, which checked the Huna expansion in India Harshavardhana : (606 A.D.-647 A.D.) After the downfall of the Gupta Empire in themiddle of the sixth century AD, North India was again split into several independent kingdoms. The Huns established their supremacy over the Punjab and certain other parts of Central India. The northern and western regions of India passed into the hands of a dozen or more feudatories. Gradually, one of them, Prabhakar Vardhana, the ruler of Thanesar, who belonged to the Pushabhukti family, extended his control over all other feudatories.

Prabhakar Vardhan was the first king of the Vardhan dynasty with his capital at Thanesar now a small town in the vicinity of Kurukshetra in the state of Haryana nearly 150 km. from Delhi. After his death in A.D. 606, his eldest son, RajyaVardhan, ascended the throne. He was killed in a battle which he won against Devagupta who had killed Grahavarman, the husband of his sister Rajyashri and usurped the throne of Kannauj. Harsha ascended the throne at the age of 16. Though quite a young man, he proved himself a great conqueror and an able administrator. After his accession, Harsha first rescued his sister just as she was going to commit Sati. At the request of his sister, he united the two kingdoms of Thanesar (Kurukshetra) and Kannauj and transferred his capital from Thanesar to Kannauj. Harsha waged many wars. he defeated Sasank of Bengal. He also brought the five Indies i.e. Eastern Punjab (present day Haryana, Kannauj, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa under his control. He conquered Dhruvasena of Gujarat. He also conquered Ganjam, a part of the modern Orissa State. His empire included territories of distant feudal kings too. Harsha governed his empire on the same lines a the Guptas. The kings he conquered paid him revenue and sent soldiers when he was fighting war. They accepted his sovereignty, but remained rulers over their own kingdoms. Harsha's ambition of extending his power to the Deccan and southern India were stopped by Pulakesin II, the Chalukya king of Vatapi in northern Mysore. His reign is comparatively well-documented, thanks to his court poet Bana and Hieun Tsang. Bana composed an account of Harsha's rise to power in 'Harshacharita'. Hieun Tsang was a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who came to India during this time to collect Buddhist literature and to visit places connected with Buddhism. He wrote a full description of his journey in his book 'SI-YU-KI'. Harsha died in the year 647 AD. He ruled over India for 41 years. He was the last empire builder of ancient India. Harsha supported the development of philosophy and literature and wrote three well-known plays Nagananda, Ratnavali and Priyadarsika. After Harsha's death, apparently without any heirs, his empire died with him. The kingdom disintegrated rapidly into small states. The succeeding period is very obscure and badly documented, but it marks the culmination of a process which had begun with the invasion of the Hunas in the last years of the Gupta empire. Meanwhile, the kingdoms of the Deccan and the south became powerful.

Chapter 6

Jat Kingdoms in Medieval IndiaThere were several small Jat States in what is now Rajasthan. The Bikaner Region (then known as Jangladesh) in the desert region of western India was dominated by the Jat People. At what period the Jat People established themselves in the Indian desert is not known. By the 4th century they had spread up to Punjab in India. The small Jat population in the region were Jat Clans ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customary law There were several Jat rulers of small areas in North India. These included the Garhwals of Garhmukteshwar, Kaliramnas (who ruled near Mathura), Khirwars of Brij and Narsinghpur, Nauhwars (who ruled the area surrounding the Noh lake area near Mathura), Kols of Kampilgarh (the area that is now Aligarh), Halas, Kuntals, Pachars, Thenuas, Toouts, and Thakureles.

The Jat People also dominated the Malwa Region, under rulers such as Harshavardhana, Shiladitya, Singhavarma, Vishnuvardhan and Yasodharman. Gohad According to the Rajputana Gazetteer, the Jagir of village Bamrauli near Agra, was transferred to the Chauhan and Kachwaha Rajputs of Bairath (near Alwar), during the rule of the Tomar Rajputs in Delhi in the 11th century. During Firuz Shah Tughluq's regime, his satrap in Agra, Muneer Mohammad, forced the Jats of Bamrauli to leave the village in 1367. The Bamraulia Jats moved to the region of Gwalior beyond the Chambal River. According to Cunningham and William Cook, the Bamraulia Jats founded the city of Gohad near Gwalior in 1505. Later it developed into an important Jat State that continued till Indian Independence. The Jat rulers of Gohad were awarded the title of Rana. Dholpur The present town of Dholpur, which dates from the 16th century, stands somewhat to the north of the site of the older town built in the 11th century by Raja Dholan (or Dhawal) Deo, a Tomara Rajput Chieftain; it was named as Dholdera or Dhawalpuri after him.Modern research says in 10 th century Jats took over the control of Dhaulpur. Before Jats the Yadavs were rulers in buddha time. After that, Tomer of Gwaliar won Dhaulpur but Jats remain there Emperor. In 1450, Dholpur had a Raja of its own. However, the fort was taken by Sikander Lodi in 1501 and transferred to a Muslim Governor in 1504. In 1527, after strenuous resistance, the fort fell to Babur and came under the sway of the Mughals along with the surrounding country. It was assigned by Emperor Akbar to the province of Agra. A fortified Sarai built during the reign of Akbar still stands in the town, within which is the fine tomb of Sadik Mohammed Khan, one of his generals.

Chapter 7The Rise of Jat People Power

& Jat People Kingdoms in Early Modern Era

: Expansion of the Jat Power (1680-1707) The rise of Jat Power has always taken place against tyranny, injustice, economic and social exploitations and was never overawed by claims of racial or tribal superiority. They have always stood in ancient as well as medieval times like rock in the face of invaders seeking to ravage the motherland. Whenever the occasion arose they beat their ploughshares into swords and taking advantage of feeble & worn-out political structure, they laid the foundations of political power under several tribal chiefs. They have shown in all times whether against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, or against Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali the same propensity to fall upon the rear of a retreating army undeterred by the heaviest odds, or the terror-inspiring fame of great conquerors. When encountered they showed steady courage unmindful of the carnage on the field or of the miseries that were in store for them after defeat. In 1669 this race of warrior-agriculturists, the Jats, rose against the narrow and over-centralised despotic regime of Aurangzeb. The Jat Power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successors of Aurangzeb.

Bharatpur

In the disorder following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Jat resistance resumed, organized under the leadership of Churaman (16951721). The Jat Power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successor of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb left behind a host of serious problems for his weak successors to deal with people highly agitated like Jat People. Churaman's nephew, Badan Singh (17221756), established a kingdom centered at Deeg, from which he extended his rule over Agra and Mathura.

KuchesarIn the mid-eighteenth century the Dalal Jats of Mandoti, Haryana, built the mud fort of Kuchesar in Uttar Pradesh.Mud Fort of Kuchesar famous for tourism now a days.

BallabhgarhThe founders of the Princely State of Ballabhgarh were Tewatia Jats, who had come from village Janauli, which is more than 2000 years old. The Tevatia Jat Sardar Gopal Singh left Janauli in 1705 (in Palwal) and got settled at Sihi, a village of Tewatia Jats in Ballabgarh at a distance of about 5 km from Ballabhgarh. Charan Das's son, Balram Singh, rose to a powerful king in this dynasty. Princely State of Ballabgarh is after his name. He was brother- in- law of Maharaja Suraj Mal and mama of Jawahar Singh. Raja Nahar Singh (18231858) was a notable King of this Princely State. The forefathers of Jat Raja Nahar Singh had built a fort here around 1739 AD. The small kingdom of Ballabhgarh is only 20 miles from Delhi. The name of the Jat Raja Nahar Singh will always be highly regarded among those who martyred themselves in the 1857 war of independence.

PatialaPatiala was a state of Siddhu Jats ancestry in Punjab. Its area was 5932 sq. mile and annual income Rs 1,63,00,000/-. The rulers of the erstwhile states of Patiala, Nabha and Jind trace their ancestry to Jat Sardar Phul of Siddhu ancestry. Apparently the appellation of dynasty "Phulkian" is derived from their common founder. One of the sons of Phul, Ram Singh had a son Ala Singh, who assumed the leadership in 1714 when Banda Bahadur was engaged in the fierce battle against the Mughals. Ala Singh carved out an independent principality from a petty Zamindari of 30 villages. Under his successors, it expanded into a large state, touching the Shivaliks in north, Rajasthan in the south and upper courses of the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers while confronting the most trying and challenging circumstances.

NabhaNabha was a state of Siddhu Jats founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Annual income of Nabha state was Rs 1,50,000/-. Phul, was Chaudhri of a country located at the south east of Delhi. Phuls descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha. Nabha was founded by the great-grandson of Phul in 1755.

JindJind State in Haryana was founded by descendants of Phul Jat of Siddhu ancestry. Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely [as we have seen above], 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Tiloka had two sons namely, 1. Gurditta 2. Sukh Chain. Sukh Chain's descendants ruled Jind State and Gurditta's descendants ruled Nabha State.Area of the state was 1259 sq mile and annual income of Jind State was Rs 30,00,000/-. According to another version stating descent from Jaisal, founder of the State of Jaisalmer in 1156. The founder of this Sikh Dynasty, Phul, was Chaudhri of a country located at the south east of Delhi. Phuls descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha as stated earlier. By the nineteenth century, Jats ruled the states of Bharatpur, Dholpur, Gohad, Kuchesar, Ballabhgarh, Patiala, Nabha and Jind. The Jats established a reputation of being determined and sturdy.

FaridkotFaridkot state was founded by Jat Sikh of Brar gotra during Akbar's rule. Area of the state was 643 sq mile and annual income was Rs 18,00,000/-. Their ancestor was Rao Khewa.

MursanMursan State of Thenua Jats was located in the Hathras (Mahamaya Nagar) district in Uttar Pradesh. The most well-known ruler of this estate was the Jat nobleman, Raja Mahendra Pratap (18861979), who was popularly known as Aryan Peshwa. The third son of Raja Ghansyam Singh, he was adopted by Raja Harnarayan Singh of Hathras. Mahendra Pratap married a lady from a Jat Sikh family based in the princely state of Jind in Haryana.

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab) (17801839) was from Sandhawalia Jat clan of Punjab and became the Sikh Emperor of the sovereign country of Punjab . Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh was the commander of the Sukerchakia Misl and controlled a territory in west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala.

Ranjit Singh succeeded his father at the young age of 12. After several campaigns, his rivals accepted him as their leader, and he united the Sikh factions into one state. He conquered vast tracts of territory on all sides of his kingdom. From the capture of Lahore in 1799, he rapidly annexed the rest of the Punjab and became undisputed ruler of northern India and the land of the five rivers. To secure his empire, he invaded Afghanistan, and severely defeated the Pathan militias and tribes. Ranjit Singh took the title of Maharaja on April 12 1801 (to coincide with Baisakhi Day). Lahore served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he took the city of Amritsar. In the year 1802, Ranjit Singh successfully invaded Kashmir.

Other States

Saidpur (Bulandshahar)[British sources of 1857 Revolt] Peshawa (now in Aligarh)[Now a Days Royal family live in this fort,famous in world for exporting horses] Nanda Devi in Garhwal Nandraj Jat built temple of Nanda Devi. Jat of Garhwal called as Nanda Jats Dungarpur of Rajasthan - it was Jat State in ancient times Firojbad, UP - in 1739, Jats of Mahavan attacked on Firojabad and killed the faujdar of Firojabad then rooled over it more than 30 years. Alwar - In the age of Maharaja Surajmal, Jawahar Singh (son of Maharaja) won the fort of Alwar for a brief period. Gwalior - Jat rulers Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana (1707-1756) and Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana (1757-1782) occupied the Gwalior fort twice, Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana from 1740 to 1756, and Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana from 1780 to 1783. During this period they constructed historical monuments in the Gwalior Fort Agra- many years Jats ruled Agra. After a seize of one month Maharaja Suraj Mal captured Agra Fort on 12 June 1761 and it remained in the possession of Bharatpur rulers till 1774. After Maharaja Suraj Mal, Maharaja Jawahar Singh, Maharaja Ratan Singh and Maharaja Kehri Singh (minor) under residentship of Maharaja Nawal Singh ruled over Agra Fort. There is a haveli in the name Maharaja Nawal Singh in Agra Fort and also a Chhatri of Maharaja Jawahar Singh built in right side of Khasmahal near the Chhatri of Rosanara-Jahanara.

Chapter 8 The Jat People TodayJat People in IndiaJat People are considered a forward class in all the States of India with those of Punjab or Haryana origin. Some specific clans of Jat People are classified as OBC in some states, e.g. Jat Muslim in Gujarat and Mirdha Jat People (except Jat Muslims) in Madhya Pradesh. Land reforms, particularly the abolition of Jagirdari and Zamindari Systems, Panchayati Raj and Green Revolution, to which Jat People have been major contributors, have immensely contributed to the economic betterment of the Jat People.

Adult Franchise has created enormous social and political awakening among Jat People. Consolidation of economic gains and participation in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of north India. However since demise of Charan Singh and Devi Lal and rise of OBC and Bahujan Samaj Party, their influence seems to be on decline. Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed amongst the Jat People. Today, the largest population centre is located in the Punjab Region, and there are smaller distributions across the world, due to the large immigrant diaspora. In the immigrant diaspora major populations centres include the U.K., U.S., Canada and Australia.

Jat People in PakistanA large number of the Jat People live in Pakistan and occupy dominant roles in public life in Pakistan Punjab in particular and Pakistan in general. In addition to the Punjab, Jat communities are also found in Pakistani accupied Kashmir, in Sindh, particularly the Indus delta and among Seraiki speaking communities in southern Punjab, the Kachhi region of Baluchistan and the Dera Ismail Khan District of the North West Frontier Province.

Jat People Immigrant DiasporaA large number of the Jat people emigrated from South Asia in search of opportunities abroad starting from the early 1960s. Large immigration took place to the U.K. and U.S. during the post World War 2 labour demand. Recent immigration has taken place to Australia and Canada, with Canada being a major destination point in recent years.The Immigrant Jat Diaspora have adopted many professions such as Sweet Shops, Grocery Stores, Meet Shops, Resturants, House Costructions etc.

Chapter 9 Some Important Dates[ about the lives of some Jat People]

Important DatesName of person Baba Shahmal Jat Bhim Sen Chaudhary (Beniwal) Bigga Ji Jakhar Date of Birth 5 January 1925 1301 Date of death 2000 1336

Bahadur Singh Bhobia Baldev Ram Mirdha(Rahd) Bhim Singh Dahiya Chaudhary Bansi Lal (Legha) Chaudhary Bhinya Ram Sihag Chaudhary Charan Singh (Tewatia) Chaudhary Devi Lal (Sihag) Chaudhary Gulla Ram (Benda) Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya (Sunda) Chaudhary Mool Chand Sihag Cheti Lal Verma (Nauhwar) Chhajju Ram Dhanna Bhagat (Harchatwal) Dr. Sahib Singh Verma (Lakra) Foolabai (Manju)

30 June 2007 1682 bhadrapada Ganga Das (Munder ) 1823 krishnashtami 1913 Garib Das (Dhankar) 1717 1778 Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon 18 March 1914 6 February 2006 Hari Singh Burdak 1884 1966 Hira Singh Chahar 17 January 1901 30 June 1993 Harveer Singh Gulia 1376 1398 Jetha Ram Dudi 13 July 1939 19 August 1994 Justice Mahavir Singh (Panwar) 14 September 1920 11 August 1997 Karmabai (Dudi) 20 January 1615 25 July 1634 Karni Ram (Meel) 2 February 1914 13 May 1952 Lothoo Nitharwal 1804 1855 Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab) (Sandhawalia) 1780 1839 Maharaja Suraj Mal (Sinsinwar) 13 February 1707 25 December 1763 Maj Hoshiar Singh (Dahiya) 05 May 1936 Raja Mahendra Pratap (Thenua) 1 December 1886 29 April 1979 Pandit Jagdev Singh Sidhanthi (Ahlawat) October 1900 27 August 1979 Raja Nahar Singh (Tewatia) 21 April 1823 9 January 1858 Ram Dev Singh Gill 1922 13 May 1952 Ranabai (Dhoon) vaishakh shukla 3 sv falgun shukla 13 sv

1882 17 January 1889 29 September 1940 26 August 1927 14 September 1891 23 December 1902 25 September 1914 30 september 1883 10 May 1914 paush krishna 6 sv 1944 (1887 AD) 2 June 1921 1861 baisakh badi 3, samvat 1472 15 March 1943 1664

1 June 1924 2 August 1953 13 May 2000 28 March 2006 October 1954 29 May 1987 6 April 2001 12 October 1968 26 October 1995 21 January 1978 18 January 2000 7 April 1943

Nathuram Mirdha (Rahd) Pratap Singh Kairon Ramdan Dookiya Sir Chhotu Ram (Ohlan) Sardar Bhagat Singh (Sandhu) Sardar Harlal Singh (Dular) Swami Gopal Das (Kaswan) Swami Indravesh (Dhaka) Swami Keshwanand (Dhaka) Swami Omanand Sarswati (Khatri) Tejaji (Dhaulya) Tara Chand (Saharan) Thakur Deshraj

1561 (1504 AD) 20 October 1921 1 October 1901 15 March 1884 24 November 1881 28 September 1907 1901 1822 13 March 1937 1883 1910 29 January 1074 6 June 1913 shravan shukla 11, samvat 1952 (1895 AD)

1627 (1570 AD) 30 August 1996 6 February 1965 24 October 1963 9January 1945 23 March 1931 1936 12 June 2006 13 September 1972 23 March 2003 28 August 1103 12 March 1958 1971

Section IIChapter 10 Some Jat-Sikh Sub-Castes ( Gote )In Alphabetical Order [ From A to J [ Inroductory: Significant Remarks By Foreign Writers of 18th Century About Jat-Sikhs A British Officer, Captain Falcon, in his Handbook on Sikhs wrote, in 1896, "The back-bone of the Sikh People is the great Jat Race, divided and sub-divided into numerous clans. The Jats are thoroughly independent in character, and assert personal and individual freedom, as against communal or tribal control, more strongly than any other people". As far the origin of the Jat Sikhs or in that matter other Jats, Major

Barstow remarked in 1928, "It is from these Scythian immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended. They thus colonized the Punjab, Northern Rajputana (modern Indian state of Rajasthan), and the western half of the Gangetic Doab (western part of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pardesh in northern India), and a considerable proportion of the inhabitants of these countries are undoubtly of Scythian origin". Regarding the characteristics of the Jat Sikhs Captain Bingley quoted Thomason in 1899, "they are manly without false pride; undemonstrative; independent without insolence; reserved in manner, but good-natured, light-hearted, and industrious. No one could be associated with them for any time without conceiving both respect and liking for them". Approximately one third of Jats in South Asia, according to Bingley, follow Sikhism. They make up the majority of Sikhs. Even though there are no up to date accurate available statistics, some people say their number is as high as 85%. As per the A.D. 1888 census returns figure for the total number of baptised Sikhs in India was 1,706,909 and the Jats accounted for 66%. Their association with Sikhism is deeply rooted. For example, two of the well known followers of Guru Nanak (born in 1469), the founder of Sikhism, were Jats: Bala (a Sandhu Jat ) and Bhai Buddha (a Randhawa Jat). The world reknown Professor Ellsworth Huntington of Yale University remarked that most of the original Sikhs belonging to the Jat background is supported by several European eyewitness account writers of the eighteenth century: Colonel A.L.H. Polier (died in A.D. 1795) wrote, "Originally and in general the Siques (Sikhs) are zemindars (landowners) or cultivators of land, and of that tribe called Jatts (Jats) which, in this part of India, are reckoned the best and most laborious tillers, though at the same time they are also noted for being of an unquiet and turbulent disposition. This tribe of Jatts (Jats) is very numerous and dispersed in all the country from the Sind (presently, a province of Pakistan or river Indus) to the southward far beyond Agra (a city in northern India). In another document Polier said, "But what is more to be admitted is that those Seik (Sikh) Sirdars (Chiefs), whose territories border on the King's were but very lately of the Jauts (Jats) and of their race and tribe ---- they have put on their iron bracelet, fifty of them are enough to keep at bay a whole battalion of the king's forces, such as they are". Griffiths, J. (his document dated February 17, 1794 A.D.) said, "The Jaats (Jats) are said to observe some institutions similar to the Seiks (Sikhs), wear their hair and beards in the same manner, and are part of the same people, who under Swrudge Mul (Suraj Mal---a powerful king of the Jats), etc., formerly possessed many of the countries in the North India---". Francklin, W. (Documented during A.D. 1798-1803) wrote, "Considerable similarity in their (Sikhs) general customs may be traced with those of the Jauts (Jats); though these, in some districts, apparently vary, the difference is not material, and their (Sikhs) permitting an interchange of marriages with the Jauts

(Jats) of the Doab and Harrianah (probably same as the modern Haryana state) amounts almost to a conclusive proof of their affinity of origin. The Seiks (Sikhs) allow foreigners of every description to join their standard, to sit in their company, and to shave their beards, but excepting in the instances of the Jauts (Jats), they will not consent to intermarriages----. If indeed some regulations which are in their (Sikhs) nature purely military ----be excepted, it will be found, that the Seiks (Sikhs) are neither more or less than Jauts (Jats) in their primitive state". Browne, J. (Major and who wrote the first book in English on Sikhs "History of the Origin and Progress of the Sikhs" in A.D. 1788) said, "The people known by the name of Sicks (Sikhs), were originally the common inhabitants of the provinces of Lahore and Multan (now both in Pakistan), and mostly of the Jaut (Jat) tribe ----". Francklin, W. (documented during A.D. 1798-1803) wrote, "The Seiks (Sikhs), in their person, are tall, and of a manly erect deportment; their aspect is ferocious, their eyes piercing and animated; and in tracing their features a striking resemblance is observable to the Arabs who inhabit the banks of the Euphrates (river in modern Iraq)". This is an interesting observation on and appears to have some historical connection because General Sir Sykes says in his book that a large number of Jats from the Indus Valley were taken to the marches of the Tigris (river in modern Iraq) in eighth century A.D. Regarding the founding of Khalsa (baptised Sikhs or saint soldiers in A.D. 1699) by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and the last Guru of the Sikhs, Lt. General Sir MacMunn wrote, "The Jats of the Punjab, sturdy and quarrelsome, flocked to the new brotherhood (Khalsa), and he (Guru Gobind Singh) soon had a force which enabled him to try conclusions with the forces at Delhi (Emperor of India's). A strong religious sense did animate these warlike, muscular Jats. The Jat tribes about the Sutlej and the Ravi rivers hastened to join the faith. No longer would they turn the cheek to their persecutor, and they began to group themselves by tribes and confederacies known as Misals".

Now we proceed on to Sub-Castes ( Gots )

AntalAntal, known in classical writings as the Amateans or Antixenes , is a gotra of Jats found in India. Antal is a gotra in Kashyap Rajpoot also. The Jat historian Thakur Deshraj identifies them with the Amatae People of Sindh described by Megasthenes. . Antal Jats are mainly found in the Ambala District of Haryana.Major villages being Balana, Chaur Mastpur, Lautan (Khurchanpur), Naneola, Ratangarh in Kurukshetra District; Makhmailpur, Alipur, Khalaspur, Sular, Pur (Mandi), Hadana , Majauli in Patiala District and Soonkh in Ropar District, Punjab. Notable People of Antal Clan

Brigadier Jarnail Singh Antal,

Sena Medal, Vishist Seva Medal, Chaur Mastpur, Ambala, India. ( Ex Commandant Assam Regimental Centre, and Executive Director Corporate Affairs, SIS (India) Ltd.Prof. Gurbux Singh Antal, Ex prof. of Zoology Khalsa College Amritsar, from Vill. Lautan, Ambala, India Bara Singh Antal, freedom fighter from vill. Naneola, Ambala, India

AtwalAtwal or Atval or Attwal or Athwal or Ant is a clan name or Gotra of Jats from Punjab, India. Members of the clan were originally based in villages in northwest India. They are also found in Gujarat where they call them as Ant. Due to emigration during the 20th century, members can be found around the world, including in the the United Kingdom, the U.S.A. and Canada. Originating villages are Shankar and Hakim Pur, in the Doaba region of Punjab. They are Punjabi Sikh Jats. The Mahabharata Tribe - Atavisavara may be identified with Jat Gotra - Atval of Jats from Punjab. There is unanimity among historians that Atwals used to husband camels, so they were originally known as the Oonth Wala, which changed over time to Atwal. They inhabited the Ambala, Ludhiana, Jalandhar and Patiala districts of the Punjab, some settling as far west as Sialkot, Multan, Jhang, Montgomery, Muzaffargarh and Bahawalpur in West Punjab, what is now Pakistan. After settling in West Punjab, many Atwal Jats converted to Islam although most Atwals in India are Sikh. Atwals are also found in large numbers in Amritsar and Gurdaspur. H.A. Rose considers Atwals to be descendants of the Panwar and that they came to East Punjab from Multan. Jats, Khatris, Rajputs and Dalits have a common background and Atwal is a well-known and ancient sub-caste of Jats.

AulakhAulakh , Aulukya , Olak , Olakh Ola , Aula is a gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. They are descendants of Uluka. Mahabharata mentions a country called Uluka. As per grammar rules the Jat clan name name Aulakh, is derived from Uluka, the name of the country and King. Perhaps the Iranian Uruk, Indian Uraga was their country. Majority of this clan people are Sikhs in Punjab. There are many villages of this gotra in Ambala district. Hindu jats of this gotra write Ola in Rajasthan. Aulak population is 7,620 in Patiala district. In Amritsar the population of Aulak Jats is 17,841. It is mostly to be found in the area around the town of Ajnala and around the village of Shabazpur in Tarn-Tarn sub-district where the clan owns a cluster of 9 villages. In Ludhiana the Aulak population is 2,055. In Gurdaspur district the Aulak population is 2,817. In Firozpur district the Aulak population is 4,200. Notable person from this gotra

Arjan Singh Aulakh : The Marshal of The Indian Air Force

BainsBains or also sometimes pronounced Wainse is a gotra (clan) of Jats found in Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan There are a number of theories as to the origin of the Bains. According to one of the tradition, they are by origin Janjua Rajputs, and claim descent from Bains, who lived at the time of Emperor Firuz Shah Tughlaq. In Multan, the tribe also claims to be Janjua Rajputs, who came from Sakesar, and settled in the region, also interestingly during the reign of Firuz Shah Tughlaq. In Sialkot, another tradition makes Wais one of the 22 sons of Sanpal. In Multan, and generally in the Seraiki speaking areas, the correct pronounciation is Wains, and not Bains. The majority of the Bains in East Punjab converted to Sikhism in the 18th Century. While those in western Punjab started to convert to Islam from the 14th Century onwards.

BajwaBajwa is said to be a name of a Rajput (?) guy who liked Falcons, i.e. Bazwala or Bajwalalater on butchered by Jats. Others (like Ibbetson) say that the joint JatRajput Bajwas claim descent from Bajwat Hills in Sialkot, which is also highly likely, as Bajwat may have been named after the Falconer. Bajwas are still found mainly in Sialkot, but have spread all the way to Patiala. It is suspected that they have some degree of Greek blood as Sakala was Greek Center in ancient times. Bajwa is a prominent Jatt clan of the Punjab. They claim Suryavanshi descent. The place of Bajwas' origin is Bajwat in the Sialkot and Narowal districts of Pakistan. This place is located in the Shiwalik foothills and is quite near the Indian border as well as the city of Jammu. At one time, Bajwa Jats had eighty-four villages in the Sialkot area. The founder of the Bajwa clan, Bajwat (or Wajab) used to live in Jaisalmer in Rajasthan. From there, he migrated to Sialkot and Gujranwala. One of his descendants became the ruler of Multan. The Bajwa ruler Raja Shalip, who owned a large estate in Multan, was ousted from Multan at the time of Sikandar Lodhi by the local Governor with whom he had quarreled. Shalip had a number of sons who were killed fighting with him, but two sons named Kals and Yas managed to escape. Both used to rear hawks (baaz) and are reputed to have left their father's fort disguised as falconers, thereby providing the clan name. Bajwa today can come to mean "the bravest".

BalBal ,Bala ,Balyan is a gotra of Jats found in Haryana, India. They are descendants of Raja Bali. According to Bhim Singh Dahiya, name of the country Bulgaria is after the Bal Jat clan. Bulgaria means the land of the caravan (wagons) of the Balls. Mahabharata Shalya Parva in Sanskrit mentions Balas.

This gotra traces its origin from Ghazni (now in Afghanistan). People belonging to the Bal gotra claim to be descendants of Suryavanshi Raja Bali. But according to Bhagvat Dutt they belong to the Anu Dynasty. According to the Mahabharata (Chapter -Adi Parva) King Bali is called the grandson on the maternal side of Raja Daksha. According to "Deva Samhita", some Jats are the descendants of the daughter of Raja Daksha. Many historians regard Bali as the descendant of Yayati. Bhagwat Dutt has proved that the Baluchies (of Baluchistan) are the descendant of Anu. Several people belonging to this gotra are are found in Haryana. The Sikh Jats belonging to this gotra are found in several big villages like Sathila, Batala

BandarBandar or Vanar is gotra of Jats. This gotra started from place called Bandra .Village in Sirsa District isGigorani Bandars have a population of 3,180 in Patiala district and 2,316 in Amritsar district in Punjab.

BasraBasra is gotra of Jats. This gotra started from their ancestral people who came grom Basra [Iraq ] Other sources however say its name originates from the Persian word Bas-rh or Bassorh meaning "where many ways come together" Other sources however say its name originates from the Persian word Bas-rh or Bassorh meaning "where many ways come together"

Bassi is Gotra of Jats. These people are mentioned by Aitreya Brahmana as Vasha. They are the same as Basae of Herodotus and Vaisi of Assyria, one of the Medians tribes. Bassis are now a Jat as well as Khatri clan. Aitereya Brahmana places them in Madhyadesa. Kausitaki Upanisad places them with Matsyas; and Gopatha Brahmana Shows them with the Ushinaras (Sibiyas). Bassi/Basi is a Jat Gotra found in Punjab. According to B S Dhillon the population of Basi clan in Jalandhar district is 5,700 Bath is a Jat clan found mainly in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India including Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and in Punjabi migrant communities in United Kingdom, Canada and United States of AmericaIt is considered to be one of the oldest Jat tribes.

The Indian Batth people belong to the Sikh religion. The Batth people in Pakistan belong to Islam. In Punjab (India) there are many villages with name Batth. The Sikh people who are Batth use Batth word with their full name at the end eg: Sh Harbans Singh BatthThe famous villages of Batth community in Punjab are: Booh, Harike, Batth, Mughalwala, Manihala Jai Singh Wala, Kulla, Kacha Pakka, Ahmedpur. These villages are located in Distric tTaan Taaran near Patti. The Batth people are found in large number in the Gurdaspur District. Some batth people also write their name as 62 on their bikes or cars. A huge number of Batths are living in the Australia, UK and they are spreading our Punjabi culture and virsa throughout the world.

BeniwalBeniwal , Veniwal , Venhval , Benhival , Vainiwal , Bhainiwal , Bahinwar, Veniwal , is a clan or gotra of Jats in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in India. They were rulers in Jangladesh, Bikaner. Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia. [1] They are Nagavanshi kshatriya. There are (4,440) Bhainiwals in Patiala district. Dighawali, Kular, Pitampura (Rohini) Please Note:- There are few SC families(not Jats) in Delhi who write Beniwal as gotr/surname because they lived in Beniwal gotr villages.

BhanguBhangu or Bhangoo or Bhango is a Jat gotra or clan mainly found in Punjab state of North India, Sindh and Punjab Province of Pakistan. The Bhangoo tribe was mentioned by the Greek historians, at the time of Alexander's invasion in 4th century B.C. The Greek historians mention a ruler Phegelas or Phegus of a native tribe when Alexander approached the river Hyphasis (Beas) in 326 B.C. The name is translated to Sanskrit as Bhagala or Bhagoo. The tribe also finds mention during the Arab attack on Sindh in the 7th century A.D. The ruler of the lands at the time of Mohammad Bin Kasims invasion of Sindh was the chief of the Bhangoo tribe called Kaka The Bhangoos were the lords of territory known as "Budhiya" around present day Sehwan, Sindh, Pakistan. Kaka was the son of Kotal, and grandson of Bhandargu Bhangoo, a Jat of the Bhangoo tribe. The members of the Bhangoo tribe were the follower of the Buddhist faith as most of the Jat tribes were around the 7th century AD. In the census reports of Punjab from 1883 and 1892; the Bhangoos have been described as one of the original Jat tribe and the earliest inhabitants of the Jhang district. The Bhangoo tribe held the area around Shorkot. The Bhangoos were later displaced by the migration of Sials into Jhang. The Sials were subjects of the Bhangoo chiefs until the beginning of the 16th century AD. Several members of the Bhangoo clan have rendered their lives to the service of the Khalsa. In 1740 Bhai Mehtab Singh Bhangoo slained Massa Ranghar and help liberate the Golden Temple from the Mughal clutches. He later achieved martyrdom in Lahore. In 1841 his grandson Bhai Rattan Singh Bhangoo finished the writing of the first documented history of Sikhs. Undoubtedly, it is claimed that without his book "Prachin Panth Parkash" the history of Sikhs would have gone untold. The expert in guerrilla warfare Gen. Shabeg Singh orchestrated the

fortification in the defense of Sri Akal Takht. He laid downed his life on June 6th that year defending the premises of Golden Temple. The Bhangoos in general they do not claim Rajput ancestry. As per Jat historian Ram Sarup Joon the Bhangoos are said to be related to Heir tribe which migrated from the Central Asian region of Turkistan. The Bhangoo (Bhangu) Jats are not related to the powerful Bhangi Misl of Sikhs. The existence of the Bhangoo tribe has been reported by ancient historians well before the Khalsa came to power in Punjab. The descendants of Mehtab Singh Bhangoo were the part of Karor Singhia Misl not the Bhangi Misl. In 1890 Sardar Harnam Singh, a Bhangu Jat Sikh is listed in the Chiefs and Families of Note in the Delhi, Jalandhar, Peshawar and Derajat Divisions of the Panjab he is described to be residing in Moron village. Sardar Harman Singh was considered the chief of the Bhangu clan during his time. The Bhangoo clan is found in Amritsar, Patiala, Ropar, Ludhiana, Fatehgarh Sahib, Sangrur (Sunam, Barnala), Gurdaspur, Jalandhar, Mansa and Hoshiapur districts of Indian Punjab. In the Punjab Province of Pakistan they are in Sialkot, Narowal, Montgomery, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura and Jhang districts. The Bhangoos hold large villages in the district of Amritsar [12]. In the Sindh province of Pakistan the Bhangoo are found in Khairpur district.

=Sub DivisionsThe Bhangoos in some areas in Punjab are also known Bhangoo(Bhangu)-Hira, Bhangoo-Hir or Hira. Bhangoo can be known as Rajpanggoo. "Raj" is the minor family name. Prominent Bhangoos Bhai Mehtab Singh Bhangoo, Shaheed. He took upon himself to execute the notorious Major General Shabeg Singh Bhangoo, Shaheed. He was an expert in guerrilla warfare.

Massa Ranghar/Masse Khan Ranghar, who had taken over the Harmandir Sahib 1n 1740. He trained the Mukti Bahini in the Bangladesh Liberation War and Sikh separatists in Operation Blue Star. S. Gurdial Singh Bhangu, Sportsman, Coach of Indian national women's hockey team Bhai Rattan Singh Bhangoo, Grandson of Bhai Mehtab Singh Bhangoo, author of

Prachin Panth Prakash. A foremost and greatest of the Sikh historians. Without Rattan Singh Bhangoo's contributions Sikh history would have passed untold.

BhatiBhati or Bhatti is a clan name found in Rajputs, Jats and Muslims in India. They are found in Gujarat and known as Bhatiya. People coming from the side of Bhatinda were

called Bahttis. There was a great poet of the name Bhatti in the court of Darasena IV. Bhatis were initially Yadavas. When the people were driven away from the fertile lands of Brij, Ghazni, Herat and Punjab they came to desert area of Jangladesh. Jangladesh was infertile and there was scarcity of water everywhere in this region. The people had to wander from here to there in search of water and food. These people were known as Bhatis. The word Bhati is derived from Hindi word 'Bhatkana'. Bhatis had come to Jangladesh prior to 4th century when the Buddhism was at peak. Later when the influence of Buddhism came down and Hindu religion was spreading, Bhatis got divided into two categories namely 1. Rajput Bhati and 2. Jat Bhati. Third category came into existence, Muslim Bhati, under the influence of Islam. Jat Bhatis ruled Bhatner, presently Hanumangarh, and Bhatinda. Bhatner was historically important because it was situated on route of invaders from Central Asia to India. Rajput Bhatis ruled Jaisalmer

BhatthalBhattal is gotra of Jats. This gotra started from their ancestral people who came from Bhatinda. They are related to Bhatis. Bhattal population is mostly in in Patiala, Sangrur and Bathinda Districts.

Rajinder Kaur Bhattal was the the Chief Minister of Punjab from January 21, 1996 to February 12, 1997 & later Dy. CM & then M.L.A.

BhullarBhullar(also spelled Bhuller or Bhular,is a Jat gotra or clan found in the Punjab Region of (North) India and (East) Pakistan. There are different views on how the Bhullars entered the Punjab. According to Nijjar (2008), the Jat clans moved from Central Asia to India during the period between the 5th and the 9th century. According to Tod (1829), for centuries a few Jat tribes lived in co-existence in the current Punjab, while a large number of Jat tribes moved from Rajasthan to Punjab and other areas of India. Ibbetson (2002) noted that Bhullars are believed to be the original settlers of the Punjab, along with the Maan, and Hayer (Heir) gotras without entering Punjab through the Rajasthan route as done by the other Jat gotras.Sir Lepel Griffin (1865) was of the opinion that the Bhullars came into the Punjab region from the present Central Asia. Most of the Jat tribes entered the Punjab in the 5th century. Historically, Bhullar were settled mainly in the current Majha region of Punjab in large numbers, but were found in the area around Lahore (in Pakistan) and Amritsar. Bhullar population in the current Majha region of Punjab India remained constant. Bhullars have ancestral place of worship called Mari in Jind Riast currently district in Haryana, and in the Sangrur and Rampura in Bathinda District of Punjab India

In Punjab (India) Bhullar village name is common and found in various districts such as Muktsar, Jalandhar, Moga districts. Bhullars are evenly distributed in the state of Punjab with large concentration in Amritsar, Tarn Taran, Gurdaspur, Ferozpur, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Muktsar, Moga, Faridkot, Bathinda, Sangrur, and Patiala. Bhullars have a huge

concentration in the Majha region mostly around the city of Amritsar in Punjab (India). In Pakistan Bhullars are found in the Punjab, places such as Lahore and Narowal district. In Sialkot Bhullars have large concentration in Pasrur, Daska, Bhullar Mairay Wala, Bhular Rohi Wala, Bhullar Sharif and Bhullar.

BoparaiBoparai are the Jat people living mostly in northern India. They are primarily from the villages Khudani Kalan, Khudani Khurd, Sahnewal, and in some other parts in the Ludhiana district of Punjab. Boparais are one of the five brothers, along with Deol, Sidhu, and Gill, who migrated in the 12th century from central India (Madhya Pradesh) and settled in the catchment area of the 5 rivers. There was a Hindu Jat king in Madhya Pardesh in 12th Century Raja Jagdeyo who came to Punjab after conquering the kingdoms on the way from M.P. to Punjab and settled his kingdom at Jarg. Among Raja Jagdeyo's sons there was a son named 'Bopa Rai' ('Bopa' and 'Rai' will be read separately) and Bopa Rai is the clan's ancestor. The village Ghudani was almost 100% wiped out in 16th century due to land rivalry. In the attack, only one young Boparai survived and he went into exile for some years only to return to claim what was his property. So he did, and we Kudani Boparais are all his descendents. Boparai largest village Boparai Kalan in Ludhiana Punjab, India is the largest village for the clan.

ButtarBhuttar is Jat Gotra in Punjab. Buttar is a Jat clan. Its members live in the Pakistani and the Indian Punjab. Buttars in India follow Sikhism, they were one of the first groups of people to adopt Sikhism. BHAI TARA SINGH the eighteenth century Sikh martyr, was a Buttar Jatt of the village Van, popularly known as Dall-Van because of its proximity to another village called Dall, in present day Amritsar district of the Punjab. His father, Gurdas Singh, had received the rites of the Khalsa in the time of Guru Gobind Singh, and had taken part in the battle of Amritsar (6 April 1709), in which Bhai Mani Singh led the Sikhs and in which Har Sahai, a revenue official of Patti, was killed at his (Gurdas Singh's) hands. Bhuttar population is 1,380 in Patiala district. In Gurdaspur District the Bhuttar population is 1,146. In Firozpur District the Bhuttar population is 3,600..

ChathaChatha (also spelt as Chattha) is a Punjabi Jatt tribe that inhabit parts of Punjab in India and Pakistan. Chathas are believed to be descendants of Indo-Scythian tribes. Historically the Chathas were big landlords and considered to be influential persons in society. There

are many villages in Punjab bearing the Chattha name for example: In Pakistan, there are six prominent Chattha villages in Sahiwal. Chatha A Jat tribe apparently confined to Gujaranwala in which district they hold 81 villages . They claimto be descended from Chattha , a grandson of Prithi Rai Chauhan .the Chauhan King of Delhi , and brother of the ancestor of the Chima .In the 10th from Chattha , as otherwise stated , some 500 years ago , Dahru came from Sambhal in Moradabad , where the bards of the Karnal Chauhans still live , to the banks of the Chenab and married among the Jat tribes of Gujranwala .They were converted to Islam about 1600 AD . they rose to considerable political importance under the Sikhs ; and the History of their leading family is told by Sir Lepel Griffin at page 402 ff of his Punjab Chiefs . Chatha A Jat tribe apparently confined to Gujaranwala in which district they hold 81 villages . They claimto be descended from Chattha , a grandson of Prithi Rai Chauhan .the Chauhan King of Delhi , and brother of the ancestor of the Chima .In the 10th from Chattha , as otherwise stated , some 500 years ago , Dahru came from Sambhal in Moradabad , where the bards of the Karnal Chauhans still live , to the banks of the Chenab and married among the Jat tribes of Gujranwala .They were converted to Islam about 1600 AD . they rose to considerable political importance under the Sikhs ; and the History of their leading family is told by Sir Lepel Griffin at page 402 ff of his Punjab Chiefs .

ChahalThe Chahal Jats are one of the largest Jat tribes in the Punjab of India and Pakistan. In India they are found in greatest numbers in Patiala but are numerous in Ambala, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Gurdaspur, Dhariwal, Jalandhar and in Pakistan they are found mainly in Gujranwala and Sialkot. Legend suggests that Manpreet Agarsen Surajbansi had four sons: Chahal, Chhina, Chima and Sahi and that the four Jatt tribes bear these names are sprung from them. Their original home was Malwa. In Amritsar they say that Chahal was a son of Raja Khang, who once saw some fairies bathing in a tank. He seized their clothes and only restored them on condition that one of them became his bride. The queen of the fairy agreed to be his wife on one condition also, that he would never raise his voice to her, he agreed and they got married. They later had a child Joga Singh and not soon after he was born, His mother once left him at home while she went to the local bazaar, on her return she found her husband not happy that she had left him alone. As you can imagine he shouted at her and to his horror she floated back to the skys. He pleaded with her to stay but she only came back from the sky just to feed her child. The Chahal migrated to Pakhi Chahilan near Patiala and there founded Rala Joga or Joga Rala in the Malwa. The Chahil affect Joga Singh, originally Joga, son of Rajpal, who is said to have been killed after fighting with the Mughals. Joga Singh who is said to be the guru (preceptor) of Chahal jats. It is said that during the times of Mughal rule, Joga Singh fought with the forces of Mughal rulers. During the battle, his head was chopped off, but his headless body kept on fighting until it fell down dead. This village also called Bhopal. The people were deeply touched by the sacrifice of Joga Singh and got a Samadhi constructed here. The Chahal Community used to gather yearly at

Joga Singh's Samadhi to worships and to tribute their salute for his Sacrifice for the Community. This Yearly gathering of community at Joga Singh's Samadhi is celebrated as 'Chauth'. Another story also says that once a few persons were going to some place for business purpose, and night befell them. They stayed under a grove of trees in the premises of the Samadhi. They felt pangs of thirst at night, but there was no source of water where from they could quench their thirst. A heavenly voice which was believed to be that of Joga Singh was heard: why do you die of thirst? Pick out abrick from the pond and take water. They did likewise, found water from underneath the brick they picked up and thus they quenched their thirst.

CheemaCheema (also spelt Chma) is a Jat clan found in Punjab, Pakistan and Punjab, India . They are believed to be descendants of Indo-Scythian tribes Cheemas are found among Muslim and Sikh populations. While in Pakistan Cheemas are Muslim, in India the predominant section of Cheemas are Sikhs. Historically Cheemas followed local Peer-E-Tariqat (The head of a Sufi order), and Jathera (Ancestor worship) as well as previously, Buddhism. Most of them are either Sikh, Muslim, Agnostic or Atheist in their modern religious or non-religious affiliations It is one of the largest Jat tribes in the Punjab . They say that some 25 generations back their ancestor Chima , a Chauhan Rajput from Delhi after the defeat of Rai Tanura (Prithi Raj , by Muhammad of Ghor first to Kangra in the Delhi district and then to Amritsar , where his son Chotu Mal founded a village on the Bias in the time of Ala-ud-din .His grandson was called Rana Kang , and the youngest of his eight sons Dhol ( the name appears among the Hingra )was the ancestor of the present clans Dogal , Mohtil , Nagara and Chima . The Chima have the peculiar marriage customs described under the Sahi Jats , and they are said to be served by Jogis instead of Brahmins , but now a days Bhania purohits are said to perform their ceremonies . They are said to marry within the tribe as well as with their neighbours . The bulk of the tribe embraced Islam in the times of Feroze Shah and Aurangzeb , but many retain their old customs . They are most numerous in Sialkot , but hold 42 villages in Gujaranwala , and have spread both eastwards and westwards along the foot of the hills .

ChhokarChhokar is a Rajput caste of Yaduvanshi Clan of Chandravansh. It is a branch of Jadaun Rajputs. There are around 80 villages in Aligarh and Bulandshahar in U.P.. There are some Chhokar Rajput villages in Palwal District of Haryana as well.Chhokar Rajputs claim descent to Jadaun Raja of Karauli. Jagas have a historical record about their migration from Karauli. There are also some Chokars who belong to the Sikh Jatt clan. Those are from various parts of Punjab such as "Pasla" a district of JLD, and "DUMNA" in the district of Ropar, Punjab

Baldev Singh Dumna, First Defense Minister of India was Chhokar. He was using his village name as Dumna, District Ropar, Punjab, India. A search on Baldev Singh could elaborate more on his achievements to India's independence and politics. Baldev Singh was involved many commissions and projects for India's independence with British Raj. He died in 1961.

ChinnaThe Chinna are a Jat clan, found in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.[1] The Chhina Jat claim common descent from the Wattu tribe. Their common ancestor was a Uchchir, who had two sons, Jaipal, the ancestor of the Chhina, and Rajpal, the ancestor of the Wattu. Pheru, 18th in descent from Jaypal, was converted to Islam by the famous Sufi, Baba Farid. According to other traditions, the Chhina came originally from Sindh, and settled in Sialkot. In Bahawalpur, the Chhina have three septs, Tareka, Mahramka and Azamka.

The Chhina at times are confused with the Cheema, another famous Jat clan, but the two clans are entirely distinct.In Haryana they are found in Hissar, Jind Kaithal and Bhiwani. Their main villages are Budana, Mirachpur and Kithana. In Punjab, they are found mainly in Amritsar District. Their villages in that district include Chhina Bidhi Chand (Birth Place of Baba Bidhi Chand), Harsha Chhina (Vichla Kila, Ucha Kila) and Chhina Karam Chand. There are two villages in Jagraon, Jandi and Rasalpur. These villages are completely dominated by the Chhina. Jhandi's sarpanch (headman) was Kirpal Singh Chhina who was well known through out Punjab, India. In Haryana they are found in Hissar, Jind Kaithal and Bhiwani. Their main villages are Budana, Mirachpur and Kithana

DeoThe Deo or Dev are a gotra (clan) of Jats, found in the Punjab Region of India and Pakistan. According to the traditions of the tribe, Sankatra was their ancestor, and point to the town of Zafarwal, in Pakistan, as the seat of their original settlement. Their ancestor is said to be a Mahaj, who came from an area they describe as "Saki Jungle", in North India. Of his five sons, Sohal, Kom, Deol, Aulakh and Deo, all of who gave their names to Jat tribes. According to another tradition, they are descended from Jagdeo, a Suryavanshi Rajput. The Deo are distinct from the Deol clan of Jats, although both claim descent from a common ancestor.They are found throughout the central districts of Punjab. In Pakistan, Sialkot is a stronghold of the tribe. The Deo are Muslim in Pakistan, and Sikh in India.

DeolDeol is a warrior clan of the Jat people found in India Punjab, Haryana, Saharanpur UP (India)