The Islamic World
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Transcript of The Islamic World
Chapter 11 A.D 570- A.D.1250
ObjectivesDescribe how geography affected the people of the Arabian Peninsula
Explain how Islam BeganIdentify the main beliefs of Islam
Arabian Peninsula Bordered by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Red
Sea, and Syrian Desert Mostly desert
Bedouins Arabian Herders that were nomadic Leader referred as Sheikh
Coastal Milder climates to support people & towns Townspeople were traders Mecca is a caravan route across the desert
Made a living as a caravan trader
At age 40, called by Allah to be a
prophet and revealed verses for
Muhammad to recite
Mecca merchant feared teachings of
one god would stop the pilgrimages
Kaaba
Muhammad and follower take a
hijrah to Yathrib
After the move to Yathrib, Muhammad gained
many desert tribe followers
Mecca submitted to the teachings after several
years of war
Muhammad destroyed idols in the Kaaba and
rededicated it to Allah
Through wise policies, tolerance, and force,
many converted to new religion Islam
Based on the idea of only one god…must obey God’s will
Islam translates “submission to God” Qur’an is the holy book of Islam Some basic rule to Islam
Live humble lives, be tolerant & generous, no eating pork or drinking alcohol
Emphasizes the importance of jihad, the struggle to defend the faith
Worship at Mosques no furnishings, images of people , or animals Only mats to kneel on
The profession of faith no god but God Allah Muhammad is the
messenger of God The Five daily Prayers
ritual of washing and prescribed movements
Must face the direction of Mecca
Paying zakat Annual tax to help the poor
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan Eat or drink nothing from dawn to
sunset Reminds them of the importance of
self discipline, dependence on the creator, and feeling of the poor
Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once meet to pray & perform rituals to
remind them of the faith of Abraham
Objectives
Explore how the Muslims
expanded their empire
Explain how the Islamic
community divided
Abu Bakr was given the title caliph,
“successor to the prophet” Brought the Arabic tribes
together & spread Islam northward
Umar Strong leader w/well run
government Conquered non-Muslim
territories
Muslim empire spreads to Syria, Persia, and North
Africa
Arab policy Entered many treaties w/out battle Tolerant toward other religions Accept Islam or pay extra taxes People who refused demands were killed
W/in 100 yrs., Islam spread east to India, west to
North Africa, conquered Mediterranean Sea islands
Infighting over caliph split the Islamic community Mu’awiyah or ‘Ali
Sunni Means “way of the prophet” or “habitual
practice” Agreed to accept Mu’awiyah Believed that agreement among Muslim
people should settle religious matters Shi‛ah
Believed that Ali’s descendants (imams) should decide religious and worldly matters
Sufi
Muslim mystics who tried to live simple lives
centered on God
Turned away from worldly possessions and
success
Believed faith in God marked your worth
General Tariq led Muslim
Army that conquered Spain
The Moors were Muslims
who made Spain their home
Ruled parts of Spain for 700
years
Nomadic people that lived by fighting and raiding
Settled into present day Iraq Growing power caused shift away from
caliph to sultan By 1200 AD, the Turks had seized Syria,
Mesopotamia, parts of Asia Minor, and most of Northern India
Explain what Muslim society and family
life were like
Identify Muslim achievements in Science
Explain how Islam influenced Arab art
and literature
Location allowed trade with Europe, Asia,
and Africa
Produced silk, cotton, wool, carpets, metal
products
Organized into provinces
Broken into 3 caliphates
Ruled by caliphs in Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba
Family was the core of daily life Lived according to the Qur’an Expected to follow Islamic laws in public
and private life Slavery was common Arranged marriages with right to refuse
for women Family and mosque responsible for
education
Made advances in the use of herbs, foods, and prepared drugs
Advancement in techniques of dissection to study anatomy
Correctly diagnosed diseases and New ideas about hygiene
Pass examinations to practice medicine Established 1st school of pharmacy and encyclopedia
of known drugs, preparation and effects Established concept of the hospital Al-Razi was the 1st to clearly describe measles and
small pox
Learned new number system from India
Developed Arabic numerals
Used decimals in Arab
Wrote about al-jabor, which became
algebra
Spread mathematical ideas to Europe
Religious art does not show human or animal forms
Uses geometric or floral designs Mosques designed to show the glory of
Islam and power of the ruler Mosques designed to house thousands of
followers A minaret was attached to let a crier call
Muslims to worship
Caliphs were great patrons of the arts
Writers lived with the caliphs
The story of Scheherazade Stories of Muslim
Folktales Known as the collection
of The Thousand and One Nights