THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE: HEIR OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Obj: to trace the rapid spread of Islam by looking at...
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Transcript of THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE: HEIR OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Obj: to trace the rapid spread of Islam by looking at...
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THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE: HEIR OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
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Obj: to trace the rapid spread of Islam by looking at factors that made it so attractive to believers
ARABIAN PENINSULA – FERTILE IN THE SOUTHWEST; DESERT EVERYWHERE ELSEPOLYTHEISTIC PRE-ISLAMBEDOUINS: NOMADIC PEOPLESHEJAZI: MERCHANTS, MORE URBAN, STATIONARYMECCA: RELIGIOUS & TRADING CENTER, KA’BAH SANCTUARYGroups of people were different but respected each others customs; obligation to family, honor family, proud, generous, courageous. Shared religious traditions: 3 months war free, all prayed in Mecca at the Ka’bah, fighting not tolerated in Mecca
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THE RISE OF ISLAM: SUBMISSION TO ALLAH
MECCA :TRADING HUB, MANY DIFFERENT CULTURES, PEOPLE & RELIGIONS IN AND OUT OF AREA – CONTROLLED BY QURAISH
MOHAMMED 570-632 – BORN INTO QURAISH TRIBE, ORPHANED AT A YOUNG AGE, RAISED BY GRANDFATHER, CAME UNDER GUIDANCE OF A WEALTHY WOMAN, MARRIES HER
610 VISION OF THE ANGEL GABRIEL, PREACH GOD’S WORD, FINAL CULMINATION OF THE PROPHETIC TRADITION OF ABRAHAM & MOSES
MUSLIM: ONE WHO SURRENDERS
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PREACHING & CONVERSION• ATTEMPTS TO CONVERT FAMILY
FIRST – FEARS OF ECONOMIC DECLINE & PLACE AS LOCAL WORSHIP
• TRAVELS TO YATHRIB AT THEIR REQUEST 622 HIJRAH –BEGINNING OF MUSLIM CALENDAR
• NAME CHANGE TO MEDINA “CITY OF THE PROPHET” & MUHAMMAD POLITICAL & RELIGIOUS LEADER
• 630 ENTERS MECCA & QURAISH SUBMIT TO ISLAM, MONOTHEISM & CONTINUED TO THRIVE RELIGIOUSLY & ECONOMICALLY
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RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS – 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
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SPREAD OF ISLAM• DEATH – NO SUCCESSOR• 1ST 3 CALIPHS ‘DEPUTY OF THE
PROPHET’ UMAYYAD’S• MILITARY CAMPAIGNS TO SUBDUE
TRIBES NOT ACCEPTING OF NEW LEADER
• 651 CONQUEST OF PERSIA COMPLETE
• 646 CONTROL NORTH AFRICA• 711 SPAIN• EARLY SPREAD NOT RELIGIOUS
CRUSADE – WANT REVENUE BUT RELIGIOUS ENTHUSIASM HELPS
• WEAKNESSES OF BYZ & PERSIANS• DISCONTENT BY OPPRESSED OF BYZ
& PERSIAN EMPERORS
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SCHISM: SUNNI & SHI’A (SHIITE)• 644-656 CALIPH UTHMAN – NOT
POPULAR• RIVALS APPOINT ALI – RELATIVE OF
MUHAMMAD• ALI MURDERED BY UTHMAN’S
FAMILY• 661 UMAYYAD CALIPH & RULED
UNTIL 750 FROM DAMASCUS• ALI FOLLOWERS DON’T ACCEPT
UMAYYAD’S• SHI’A (PARTY OR FACTION)
MINORITY – ONLY BLOOD RELATION
• SUNNI – BEST CANDIDATE CAN RULE- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
• 15% VS 85%
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PHILOSOPHICAL, MEDICAL & MATHEMATICAL ADVANCES
• ARABIC TRANSLATIONS OF GREEK PHILOSOPHERS BY END OF 10TH C.
• IBN SINA (AVICENNA) MUSLIM PHILOSOPHER: RECONCILE GREEK PHILOSOPHY W/ ISLAMIC THEOLOGY – DIFFICULT TASK
• MEDICAL DISCOVERIES• IBN RUSD (AVERROES)
COMMENTARIES ON PHILOSOPHY (ARISTOTLE) MAJOR INFLUENCE ON 13TH C. SCHOLARS & WESTERN VIEWS OF ARISTOTLE
• ADAPTATION OF HINDU #’S & USE OF 0 (ZERO)