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![Page 1: The Interrelationship of Encouragement & Confrontation with Online Education Presenters: Daniel Eckstein, Donna Eckstein, Chi-Sing Li, and Yu-Fen Lin *Presented.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c8e5503460f94946fea/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Interrelationship of Encouragement & Confrontation
with Online Education
Presenters: Daniel Eckstein, Donna Eckstein, Chi-Sing Li, and Yu-Fen Lin
*Presented at the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference in San Antonio, Texas; March 26-30, 2007.
*To be presented at the National Technology and Social Science
Conference in Las Vegas, Nevada; April 6-8, 2008.
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Online Education
Creating a synergistic effect with two approaches using online tools.
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Encouragement• Red-pencil mentality• Positive psychology
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• Dinkmeyer and Eckstein’s definition of encouragement:A process that focuses on the individual’s resources and potential in order to enhance self-esteem and self-acceptance.
![Page 5: The Interrelationship of Encouragement & Confrontation with Online Education Presenters: Daniel Eckstein, Donna Eckstein, Chi-Sing Li, and Yu-Fen Lin *Presented.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c8e5503460f94946fea/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
To encourage is to unite dualities such as:
Fear/ CourageMale/ Female
Democrat/ RepublicanInstructor/ Student
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Seven Methods of Encouragement1. Role Model2. Identifying Strengths and Weakness 3. Consistency of Support over the Long
Haul 4. Seeing the Person as Special5. Passionate Inspiration6. Supporting a Person's Special Interests7. Encouraging Career Choices
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Methods of Encouragement Applied to Seven Online Tools
1. Annoucements2. Assignments 3. Calendar 4. Discussions5. Learning Modules6. Mail7. Gradebook
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The Four Directions of Encouragement
1. Downward
2. Across
3. Upward
4. Inward
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Confrontation
• Confrontation is paradoxically an essential aspect of encouragement.• Stoke and Spit (Nikelly, 1971)• Focus on discrepancy.
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Representative Online Examples Include
Discrepancies between
1. What a student says he or she will do and what they actually do
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2. Between your perception of only quality and excellence as well as basic satisfactory work compared to some learners with overly inflated opinions of their work.
![Page 12: The Interrelationship of Encouragement & Confrontation with Online Education Presenters: Daniel Eckstein, Donna Eckstein, Chi-Sing Li, and Yu-Fen Lin *Presented.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032701/56649c8e5503460f94946fea/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Between the posted course room or research standards and how a learner is unwilling and/or unable to follow such standards.
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Confrontation• Does not have to be a harsh attack. • Can be done when students are respectfully invited to examine their behaviors, attitudes, and thoughts.
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Information & Consent
• Ethical considerations with online education.• Giving and receiving of facilitative feedback and grades needs to be stated “up front” in the syllabus.
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Examples of Confrontation
• Plagiarism• Poor Writing Skills• Late Postings & Lack of Planning with Assignments
• Inactive Online Participation
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Examples of Encouragement
• Creative and Critical Thinking
• College Level Writing Skills
• Early Postings & Planning with Assignments
• Active Online Participation
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The Interrelationship of Encouragement & Confrontation
with Online Education
• Plagiarism• Poor Writing Skills• Late Postings and Lack of Planning with Assignments• Inactive Participation
• Creative and Critical Thinking Skills
• College Level Writing Skills
• Early Postings andPlanning with Assignments
• Active Participation