The Internet of Things - cdn2-ecros.pl · What is the Internet of Things? ... •high density of...

1 © Nokia Solutions and Networks 2015

The Internet of Things: Opportunities and Challenges on the Road

towards the Programmable World

Vladimir Vukadinovic

Nov. 2015


“When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be

converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things

being particles of a real and rhythmic whole.”

Nikola Tesla, Colliers magazine, Jan. 1926.

IoT: On a path to something big

Bill Wasik, Wired magazine, June 2013.


John Romkey demonstrated an Internet-

connected toaster at Interop conference in 1990.

Early beginnings

Kevin Ashton, director of MIT Auto-ID Center,

coined the term “Internet of Things” in 1999.

Since 2004, the term “Internet of Things” starts to

appear in mainstream media.


The Internet is still the Internet of People… and it will remain so for a while

Source:

The Internet of Things,

MIT Technology Review


• Innovation platform that enables new

applications by orchestrating

interconnected objects

• World where connected objects/sensors

collect and share data to enable

better decision making

• Technologies that enable more direct

integration between the physical

world and computer-based systems

What is the Internet of Things?There is no common definition


Business-facing

(IoT2B)Consumer-facing

(IoT2C)

IoT market segmentation by industry/application

Home Lifestyle Health Mobility

• Access

• Lighting

• Energy

• Water

• Fire & safety

• Surveillance

• Wearable

computing

• Entertainment

& Music

• Appliances

• Baby monitors

• Pets

• Toys

• Drones

• Fitness

monitoring

• Measurement

• Diagnosis

• Connected

cars

• eBikes

IoT markets

Retail Health Energy Mobility Cities Manufact.Public &

Services

Agricul. &

Farming

• Inventory

management

• Product

tracking

• Shopper

intelligence

• Customer

service

• Mobile

payments

• Patient

monitoring

• Measurement

• Diagnosis

• Surgery

• Patient care

• Drug tracking

• Ambulance

telemetry

• Smart grid

• Smart

metering

• Fossil fuel

• Nuclear

• Aerospace &

Airports

• Marine

• Rail &

Stations

• Automotive

• Traffic

• Traffic &

parking

• Structural

health

• Water

• Waste

• Energy

• Environment

• Lighting

• Life safety

• Process

monitoring

• Asset

tracking

• Surveillance

• Product

maintenance

• Customer

care

• Employee

productivity

• Supply chain

• School

• Universities

• Banking

• Insurance

• Administra-

tion

• Commercial

service

• Soil moisture

• Crop growth

• Livestock

feed level

• Irrigation

system

• Greenhouse

control


Consumer-facing IoTProjected adoption of connected technology by consumers

Source:

Acquity Group


Business-facing IoTInvestment and business index by industry

Source:

IoT Analytics, 2014


Smart City

WorldSensing FastprkBigBelly Owlet Nightshift


Mobility

Google Self-Driving CarCityMobile2 Driverless Bus


Shopping & Retail

Amazon DashBitTag Quirky EggMinder


Zebra MotionWorks

Sports & Lifestyle

Zepp Golf Sony Smart Tennis Sensor


Home Automation & Entertainment

Amazon EchoNest ThermostatPhilips Hue


IoT/M2M wireless connectivity

mission-critical IoTmassive IoT

technology choices

• local area vs. wide area

• licensed vs. unlicensed band

• standardized vs. proprietary

• IP based vs. non-IP base

• massive vs. mission-critical

• low-cost devices (modem cost <5 USD)

• low power consumption (>10 years on 2 AA)

• high density of devices (up to 3 mil. per km2)

• low data rates, bursty traffic

• applications: e-Health, wearables, inventory

tracking, environment monitoring

• very low latency (<5 ms end-to-end)

• ultra high reliability (BLER < 10-8)

• low to high data rates, bursty or streaming traffic

• applications: tactile Internet, industry automation,

autonomous driving, augmented reality


Local and personal area technologies

Zigbee Z-Wave Bluetooth BLE Wi-Fi

Range <50 m < 30 m <10 m <35 m

Spectrum 2.4 GHz 915/868 MHz 2.4 GHz 2.4/3.6/5 GHz

Data rate (DL) <250 kbps < 40 kbps < 500 kbps > 10 Mbps

Use caseHome

automation/Monitoring

Home

automation/MonitoringWearables, eHealth

Consumer

electronics/Home

automation/Vehicular

Module cost 3.50$ (2015) 5.50$ (2015) 2.50$ (2015) 2.50$ (2015)

Power consumption low low very low high

Mesh yes yes no yes


Wide area technologies: LPWA and cellular IoT

SIGFOX LoRa NB-LTE-M

Rel. 13

LTE-M

Rel. 13

EC-GSM

Range

MCL

<13km

160 dB

< 11km

157 dB

< 15km

164 dB

< 10km

156 dB

< 15km

164 dB

Spectrum

Bandwidth

Unlicensed

900MHz

100Hz

Unlicensed

900MHz

<500kHz

Licensed

7-900MHz

200 kHz

Licensed

7-900MHz

1.4 MHz or shared

Licensed

8-900MHz

2.4 MHz or shared

Data rate (DL) <100 bps <10 kbps < 150 kbps < 1 Mbps 10 kbps

Use case Smart Grid/City/

Monitoring

Smart Grid/City/

Monitoring

Smart Grid/City/

Monitoring/

Vehicular

Smart Grid/City/

Monitoring/

Vehicular

Smart Grid/City/

Monitoring/

Vehicular

Module cost 4.00$ (2015) 4.00$ (2015) 4.00$ (exp.) 5.00$ (exp.) 4.50$ (exp.)

Battery life >10 years >10 years >10 years >10 years >10 years

Availability Now Now 2016 2016 2016


5G will enable very diverse use cases with extreme range of requirements

10 yearson battery

10-100x more devices

10 000x more traffic

<1 msradio latency

M2Multra low cost

100 Mbpswhenever needed

>10 Gbpspeak data rates

Ultrareliability

Ultra-dense(Low power) Wide area Crowd Outdoor

Mission-critical wireless control and automationGB transferred in an instantA trillion of devices with different needs

3D video /4K screens

Sensor NW Autonomous driving

# of Devices | Cost | Power

Remote control of robot

VR gaming

Capacity for everyone

Mission criticalbroadcast

Work in the cloud

Smart citycameras

Industry 4.0

Flexibilityfor the

unknown

Massive Broadband

Critical machine type communication

Massive machine type communication

human possibilities


IoT protocol stack

CoAP

UDP

IPv66LoWPAN

DTLS

OMA LWM2M

TCP

TLS

MQTT HTTP

RPL, AODV, …

802.15.4802.11 BT 4.0cellular …

DDS

Device-to-Server:

LWM2M, MQTT,

CoAP, HTTP

Device-to-People:

XMPP

Device-to-Device:

DDS

Server-to-Server:

AMQP


Rapid prototyping for IoT

RFduino

Arduino

Raspberry Pi

WeIO

Waspmote

Zolteria Z1 Telos B

PhotonElectron

mbed C027

electric imp

Abundance of development boards and modules


Rapid prototyping for IoT3D printing with modular electronics


Operating systems for embedded IoT devices

min. RAM 1 kB 1 kB 2 kB 1.5 kB

min. ROM 7 KB* 4 kB 30 kB§ 5 kB

real-time yes no no yes

concurrency MT ED + preemptive

threads

ED + protothreads,

preemptive threads

MT

networking UDP/TCP/IP 6LoWPAN/IP/TCP/U

DP/RPL/CoAP/HTTP

6LoWPAN/IP/TCP/U

DP/RPL/CoAP/HTTP

6LoWPAN/IP/UDP/

RPL/CoAP

language C nesC/C C C/C++

license GPL 3-BSD 3-BSD LGPL

* with UDP, § with UDP and TCP


Possible shift towards embedded Linux/Android

… and coming soon: Google Brillo


Future IoT platform landscapeFour big competitors


IoT from developers perspectiveSurvey among CodeProject members

Source: Developer Media, 2015: www.developermedia.com

• 31% of connected device developers

work on IoT products (2015)


Challenges/implications for software design

• Ensuring privacy and security

• Achieving interoperability compliance

• Battery-powered / energy-constrained devices

• Heterogeneity of devices requires scalable code

• Adoption of third-party components

• Feedback driven development model

The Internet of Things - cdn2-ecros.pl · What is the Internet of Things? ... •high density of...

Documents

Transcript of The Internet of Things - cdn2-ecros.pl · What is the Internet of Things? ... •high density of...