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Transcript of The Internet Mr. Sutfin Room 837. Unit Topics: The Internet )Components of the Internet )Effective...
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The Internet
Mr. Sutfin
Room 837
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Unit Topics: The Internet
Components of the Internet Effective search techniquesInformation Literacy Basic HTML
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Objectives
You will be able to demonstrate the following skills:Describe the major events in the development of the
InternetEvaluate information found on the WWW
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Objectives
You will be able to identify three types of search tools. You will be able to apply effective search strategies on the World
Wide Web. Manipulate images to maximize quality while reducing file size You will be be able to list and describe several aspects of the
Internet. You will be able to describe the technology needed to connect to
the Internet. You will be able to explain the parts of a URL. You will be able to use web browsers and other Internet tools to
access information on the web.
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Vocabulary
hyperlink Internet world wide web URL domain Internet Protocol ftp WYSIWYG html
browser ISP dial-up dedicated connection gif jpeg
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Start-up
In your composition book write down 5 things that you know about the Internet.
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Components of the Internet
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The Internet
I. The Internet.A. Definition-A network of networks connecting a vast
number of computers from around the world. B. Internet Protocols
1. Definition- a set of rules that govern the working of the Internet.2. Examples
a) httpa) Protocol for the WWWb) hypertext transfer protocolc) Rules for the transfer of hypertext files
b) FTPa) file transfer protocolb) Rules for transferring large files
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The InternetC. Hardware of the Internet
1. Client Computersa) Computers generally found in homes
2. Server Computersa) Computers used to provide services on the Internet
3. Routers / Hubs / Switchesa) Equipment that manages the flow of information around the
Internet4. Wire
a) Fiber Opticb) Copperc) Wireless
5. Network devicea) Modem:A Modulator/Demodulator (MoDem)that communicates
with the networkb) NIC Card:Network interface card-communicates with the network
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Aspects of the Internet
World Wide Web- Hypertext based Newsgroups (Usenet)- online discussionsFile Transfer Protocol-Sharing files on the InterneteMail-text communication between computers Telnet-live text based connection to a computer
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The Internet
ftpFile sharing
http
WWW
Telnet
UsenetNewsgroups
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Aspects of the Internet: World Wide Web
This is commonly referred to as the Internet however the WWW is only part of the Internet.
To access the WWW you must use a browser of some sort. There are many to choose from but the most popular are Netscape and Internet Explorer.
The WWW employs a protocol called http or hypertext transfer protocol.
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Aspects of the Internet: Newsgroups
Newsgroups are similar to message boards on the WWW. People are allowed to post messages that discuss a wide range of topics.
A discussion group will typically deal with one specific topic. (ex. Filemaker Pro CDML)
Newsgroups use a portion of the Internet called Usenet.
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Aspects of the Internet: File Transfer Protocol
A client/server protocol for exchanging files with a host computer.
Using a client application, a user logs into a server to add files to the server or retrieve files.
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Aspects of the Internet: Wide Area Information Services
WAIS is a search engine developed for the Internet. It allows one to search the complete text of a document.
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Aspects of the Internet: Gopher
A document retrieval system from the University of Minnesota. Using Gopher, a user can access files from many different computers by looking through hierarchical menus to find specific topics. A document may be text, sound, image, or other type file.
A program called Jughead can be used to search for topics found within Gopher files. Gopher sites can now be accessed through the World Wide Web.
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Aspects of the Internet: Telnet
A text based method of connecting to and managing a computer on a network.
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What’s in a name? The URL (uniform resource locator) is just a technical
word that means the address to a web page on the WWW. A domain name is one example of an URL. (
www .yahoo.com) http://www tells the browser that the document is located
on a web page .com , .edu , .net and others are the domain extension
What is a web Address?
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Examples of Internet Domains
http://www.yahoo.com
ftp://abcdomain.com
Internet protocol • Internet designation • domain name • domain extension
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Internet Protocol
• Def. a set of rules or standard designed so that computers can exchange information with a minimum of errors.
• Examples: http, ftp, telnet, gopher,
http://www.yahoo.com
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Internet Designation
Additional information that provides more information about a web address.
Example: www
http://www.yahoo.com
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Domain Name
This is the specific name that has been registered by an individual or corporation.
Examples: sutfin.com
http://www.yahoo.com
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Domain Extension
Describes the type of domain. Domain types are typically reserved for specific
categories of organizations.Examples include: .com .net .org
http://www.yahoo.com
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Major Domain Extensions
.com - typically used for commercial companies who offer goods on the Internet or
.org - typically reserved for non-profit organizations
.net - typically reserved for companies that provide network services
.edu - reserved for higher education organizations typically four year universities
.gov - reserved for government offices
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Additional Domain name extensions
ae United Arab Emirates
ai Anguilla
ar Argentine Republic
arpa Advanced Projects Research Agency
at Austria
au Australia
be Belgium
bg Bulgaria
bh Finland
bm Bermuda
bo Bolivia
br Brazil
ca Canada
ch Switzerland
cl Chile
cn People's Republic of China
co Colombia
com Commercial
cr Costa Rica
cy Cyprus
cz Czech Republicde Federal Republic of Germanydk Denmarkdo Dominican Republicec Ecuadoredu Educationee Estonia
eg Arab Republic of Egyptes Spainfi Finlandfj Fijifo Faroe Islandsfr France gb Great Britainge Georgiagl Greenlandgov Governmentgr Greecegu Guamhk Hong Kong (Hisiangkang, Xianggang)hr Croatia / Hrvatskahu Hungaryid Indonesiaie Ireland
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Additional Domain name extensions
il Israelin Indiaint Internationalis Icelandit Italian Republicjm Jamaicajo The Hashemite Kingdom
of Jordanjp Japankr Koreakw Kuwaitky Cayman Islandskz Kazakhstanlc Saint Luciali Principality of Liechtensteinlt Lithuanialu Grand Duchy of
Luxembourglv Latvia
mil Militarymo Macau (Ao-me'n)mt Maltamx United Mexican Statesmy Malaysianet Networkni Nicaraguanl Netherlandsno Norwaynz New Zealandorg Organizationpa Panamape Peruph Philippinespl Polandpt Portuguese Republicro Romainiaru Russian Federation
se Swedensg Singaporesi Sloveniask Slovakiasu Union of Soviet Socialist Republicsth Thailandtr Turkeytt Trinidad & Tobagotw Taiwanua Ukraineug Ugandauk United Kingdom of Great Britainus United States of Americauy Uruguayve Venezuelaza South Africazm Zambia
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World Wide Web History
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The WebI. Accessible to anyone with an Internet
connectionII. Content of the web
A. Text B. AudioC. VideoD. Hyperlinks
1. Usually blue and underlined2. Clicking on a hyperlink takes you to information that is
associated with the current web page.
E. Multimedia
III. Began in 1989
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The WebIII. Began in 1989
A. Tim Berners-Lee proposed the idea of the web to CERN
IV. 1993 A. Web declared open to anyone who would like to use
it.
B. Marc Andreessen introduced Mosaic™1. Mosaic is the first graphical web browser
2. Later became Netscape.
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How URL’s Work
I. URLA. Uniform Resource LocatorB. The address for a place on the WWW.C. Uses names instead of numbers ex. www.yahoo.com
and not 192.168.123.120
II. User types the address (URL) of a web site into the location area in a browser and presses return.
III. The browser then submits the information to your internet service provider (ISP) ie Earthlink or AOL
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How URL’s Work
IV. The information reaches a DNS (domain name server)
V. The DNS translates the URL into a corresponding IP address.A. IP stands for Internet Protocol
B. IP address is a four part number for a specific computer on the internet. Ex. 12.22.118.3
VI. If there is a corresponding IP then the browser is sent the page that has been requested.
VII. If there is no IP that matches then an error is sent to the browser
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Getting Connected
Connection typesDial upDedicated
Service ProvidersISPs can be very large corporations or run by a local
business
BrowserThere are many to choose from. Each has strengths
and weaknesses.
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Getting Connected: Dial-Up
Dial-up:requires a modem to connect to the network through telephone lines.
This requires the data signal to be changed to and from analogue.
Speeds up to 56kbps
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Getting Connected: Dedicated
Dedicated Connection: directly connected to the network. No need for a phone modem nor telephone company.
Speeds up to and beyond 1.5 mbps (1500kbps)
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Service Providers
Def.- A service provider is a company that gives you access to the internet. The money you pay this company allows you to dial-up a connection to the Internet or provides the equipment that you use to connect to the Internet.
EarthlinkAOLNetZero
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Browsers
Your window to the Internet.
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A browser is a program that allows you to view pages on the WWW. It is the program that reads html so that you can view the page. You can think of it as a ‘window’ to the WWW.
Browsers
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Netscape
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You will find many of the same features here. Instead of bookmarks, you have “Favorites.” There is also a “History” tab that will allow you to see where you have been.
Internet Explorer
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Opera
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AOL
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NeoPlanet
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Back Button-Takes you back to the previous page. If you hold your mouse down on the back button you get a list of all the websites you have visited during the current session.
Forward Button- The opposite of the back button. Home- What ever home page your service provider defaults to. You
can change this. Location- This is where the address or URL is displayed. You can type
an address here. Search Button- One way to search, Netscape uses “Excite” as its
search engine Reload Button-Clicking this causes the page to reload and show any
changes. Holding shift and reload tells the browser to skip the cache and get the newest page on the server.
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Menu items: File - print, save Edit - copy, paste,search option View - The way things look Go - back, home, all web sites during current session Bookmarks - Add a bookmark, see list of bookmarks, edit
bookmarks. Communicator - This will take you to other parts of the program. Help
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When ever you click on something, and the browser takes you somewhere, you have clicked on a link. A link can be a word, a picture, a button, etc. Links can be thought of as connections to associated information.
Clicking on a link takes you either to another web page on the same web site, or to another web site altogether.
Links
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Bookmarks offer a convenient means to retrieve pages whose locations (URLs) you've saved. You store your bookmarks in a list that's saved on your hard disk. Once you add a bookmark to your list, the item stays until you remove it.
Bookmarks
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Searching
How do I find it on the World Wide Web?
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Objectives
You will be able to refine a search using specific techniques such as field searches, phrase searches, and boolean terms.
You will be able to identify three different types of search tools and utilize them for different searches.
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Effective Searches on the Internet
1. Identify terms about your topic.
2. Select a search tool.
3. Decide on Search Strategies.
4. Evaluate results.
5. Return to step 1 if needed.
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Three types of search tools.
DirectorySearch EngineMetasearch Engines
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Three types of search tools: Directory
A Subject directory is a site that has a collection of links that were added by people.
The site organizes content by subject.Examples: http://www.lii.org/, www.vlib.org/
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Types of search tools: Search Engine
A ‘true’ search engine is a searchable database of Internet keywords collected by a computer program called a bot or spider.
Examples: www.google.com, http://www.altavista.com
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Three types of search tools: Meta Search
A metasearch tool uses directories and true search engines to gather information.
This tool will give you more results in searches. Useful for hard to find topics where a large
number of results are desired.Examples www.metacrawler.com,
www.metaseek.com, www.mamma.com
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Search Tool Activity:In note book
Go to Google.com and perform a search on Abraham Lincoln.
Go to lii.org and perform the same search.Go to metacrawler.com and perform the same
searchLook at the results and identify one difference in
each search tool.
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Search Techniques
There are some techniques when using search engines or directories that will make searches more efficient. What many people don’t realize, is that the techniques vary from one search engine to the next.
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Search Techniques
Boolean terms (and, or , not)Phrase (quotes)Field search(allows searches for special fields on
a web page) Case sensitivity (apply case as appropriate)
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Boolean LogicMany (but not all) Search Engines support
Boolean Logic...It consists of three logical operators…
ORANDNOT
ORSearches for anything containing
either word
ANDSearches for sites containing
both words
NOTSearches for sites containing
one of the words but eliminating sites containing the
other word
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Boolean Logic: Examples
OR AND NOT
Type in: College OR University
Results:
College: 17,320,770 sites
University: 33,685,202 sites
College OR University: 42,566,800 sites
Results:
College: 17,320,770 sites
University: 33,685,202 sites
College AND University: 2,599 sites
Results:
College: 17,320,770 sites
University: 33,685,202 sites
College NOT University: 12,600 sites
Type in: College AND University
Type in: College NOT University
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How to Use Boolean Logic
I need information about cats: Search: cats OR felines Search: cats felines
I’m interested in dyslexia in adults: Search: dyslexia AND adults Search: +dyslexia +adults
I’m interested in radiation, but not nuclear radiation: Search: radiation NOT nuclear Search: radiation -nuclear
I want to learn about cat behavior: Search: (cats OR felines) AND behavior Search: cats felines +behavior
Use of parentheses in the search is know as “forcing the order of processing.”
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Phrase Searching
Using quotation marks around a phrase can narrow down a search. Use quotation marks when the words should stay together in the order
you typed them. Examples:
Search: “Abraham Lincoln” will find results with the president’s name. If you just search abraham lincoln, you will get results that include any abraham and any lincoln.
Search: “math lesson plans” Search: “space shuttle”
Some search engines allow ‘natural speech’ questions.
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Case Sensitivity Searching
Many Search Engines are case sensitive. That means that capitalizing a word will command the engine to only look for a proper noun, thus narrowing your search.
CAPITALIZATION- Bill, bill, Gates, gates, Digital, digital, Lotus, lotus
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Field Searching
A FIELD is a place on a web site. For example, the title of the site is in a field, the address of the site has a field, a picture has a field, etc.
You can search a field if you are looking for something very specific. If you know the name of the web site for example, or if you are just looking for pictures of tigers...
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Field Searching...
In the search box type…title:welcome to Adobe Goliveimage:tigeranchor:click for HyperStudio stacks
An anchor is any command that might be found on a web site. This search will give you all the sites that have this command somewhere on them. This example will enable you to find many HyperStudio stacks.
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Field Searching...
domain:eduDomain is the type of server:Commercial=.com educational=.edu
Government=.gov nonprofit=.org
host:microsoft.comLink:www.santacruz.k12.ca.usUrl:flag
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Search Technique Strategy:In notebook
Perform a phrase search, a field search (title:), and a boolean search(use AND) for Abraham Lincoln
List the number of results for each searchWhat note does google give you when you use
AND in the search?
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Information Literacy
Addressing a new challenge in society.
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Why is this important?
Provide individuals with the intellectual tools necessary to manage the mass of information that doubles every two years.
Allows people to filter out what is important and valuable.
Allows people to make informed decisions.
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Definition: Information Literacy
information(noun.)-a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
literacy(noun.)- the ability to read and write.literate(adj.)- able to read and write
When educators teach literacy the goal is to get students to read and write.
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Clarification
In reading and writing students take letters and words and transform them into meaning.
Information Literacy is the process of evaluating facts to discover their meaning.
It also includes the application of facts to make meaning.
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Evaluating Web Pages:Four Questions to ask.
Does the author have the credentials to write about the subject?
How important is the currency of the information?Do other web sites, with different domains,
support the information?Is the information presented with one point of
view?
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Information Literacy: Evaluation
Determining the quality of information.Authority-Who is the author/source?Accuracy-Is the information supported by facts?Objectivity-What is the authors point of view?Currency-What information is date dependent?
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Evaluation : Authority
CredentialsExpressed author/author who claims workAccess to the author/ ability to verify
credentialsReferences to other credible worksWhy do you trust the creator of the
document?
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Evaluation: Accuracy
Conclusions/Points are supported by facts.Facts can be verified by outside resources.Check for clues of questionable work (spelling
errors, grammatical errors, and other typographical errors)
Can you verify the information?
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Evaluation : Objectivity
Are the authors opinions clear?Acknowledges other points of view.Is there a personal or group agenda behind the
document?What other points of view are there on the
subject?
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Evaluation : Currency
Information is current as indicated by dates or references to current sources.
Are there efforts to keep the content up to date?
How much of the content is dependent on the date?
When was the document created?
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Information Literacy: Application
The application of this knowledge should occur in all of your significant works. Whenever you are able to provide supporting evidence of a position, your ideas will more easily be accepted in a reflective culture. Opinions and casual debates are frequently offered with little or no supporting evidence and are flawed logically.
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Information Literacy: Application
To be credible you must:Authority-Become educated about the topic.Accuracy-Support your information with facts
from a variety of sources.Objectivity-Acknowledge other points of view.Currency-Use the most recent data that you can
find.
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Information Literacy: Application
Productively contribute to a body of information.Use information accurately in products.Locates information efficientlyPresent information with the necessary
objectivity.
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Internet focus
While these principles apply to many areas they seem most relative to the internet where good and bad information can be easily found.
There are several strategies to collecting and verifying information from the web.
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Effective Web Page Design
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Effective Design Rubric
Text (20% of grade) Background does not interrupt text Text is large enough to read (but not too big) Page hierarchy is clear Text columns are not too wide. Less than that of a
book.
http://scholar.coe.uwf.edu/wbi2000/students/aleake/goodbad/bad.htm
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Effective Design Rubric
Navigation (20% of grade) Navigation is apparent and easy to use. The use of frames enhances content. They are not
obtrusive. There exists an index for large sites Navigation lets the user know where they are on the
site
Example: http://www.artcenter.edu/
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Effective Design Rubric
Links (10% of grade) Link colors coordinate with page colors Links are clear to visitors. (underlined, usually blue)
http://scholar.coe.uwf.edu/wbi2000/students/aleake/goodbad/bad.htm
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Effective Design Rubric
Graphics (25% of grade) Buttons are appropriate for the page. Graphics have and alt label every graphic has a matching text link. Graphics and backgrounds use browser safe colors Animated graphics turn off by themselves
http://scholar.coe.uwf.edu/wbi2000/students/aleake/goodbad/bad.htm
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Effective Design Rubric
General Design (25% of grade)Pages download quicklyhome page fits into 17 inch screen (800x600) All other pages have the important
information in 800 x 600 pixel screengraphics elements are well used to keep
content interesting.There exists consistency in page design. All
pages look like they belong to the same site.
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Types of web pages
Personal web pagesScholarly worksProfessional pages
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Reading Assignment
Read and outline the short article “How the world Wide Web Works”. ( in the same packet)
You should be able to draw a diagram that represents the user, ISP,Regional ISP, National ISP’s, DNS, and destination server. Accompanying the diagram should be a description of the events that occur when someone enters a URL into a browser.This should be done in 15 minutes.
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Objective
You should be able to identify 10 people, organizations, and/or technologies that have been developed between 1945 and 2000 and place them in a timeline.
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Quiz
Draw a diagram that represents the user, ISP,Regional ISP, National ISP’s, DNS, and destination server. Accompanying the diagram should be a description of the events that occur when someone enters a URL into a browser.This should be done in 15 minutes.
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Reading Assignment:Jig Saw
Read and take notes on the article “Untangling the Web”
I will expect you to create to scale a timeline with a piece of paper and pencil from 1945 until 2000 that details the people, organizations, and technology that have been developed in that time. You should also be able to clearly explain the difference between the Internet and the WWW.