The Internet Ecosystem I : How the Internet...
Transcript of The Internet Ecosystem I : How the Internet...
The Internet Ecosystem I : How the Internet Works
Caribbean Internet Governance Forum Nate Davis, Chief Operating Officer
7 August 2014
Organizations, Roles, and Relationships • What are the key components in how
the Internet works? • Who are the supporting organizations? • Who are the interested parties? • Where are the points of intersection?
2
Internet Ecosystem
3
Internet Ecosystem Components
• Shared global services and operations
• Open standards development
• Naming & addressing communities
4
Open Standards Development • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • Internet Architecture Board (IAB) • Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • ITU Telecommunications
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) • Specialized Standards Bodies
5
Shared global services and operations • Root Servers Operators • Internet exchange points (IXPs) • Country Code Top-Level Domains
(ccTLDs) • Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs) • Network Operators • Equipment manufacturers
6
Root Servers
7
http://www.root-servers.org
Naming & Addressing
• Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) • Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN)
8
Regional Internet Registries
9
RIR Structure
Not-for-profit Membership Organization
Community Regulated
• Fee for services, not number resources
• 100% community funded
• Open
• Broad-based - Private sector - Public sector - Civil society
• Community developed policies
• Member-elected executive board
• Open and transparent
10
RIR Services Number Resources Organization Policy
Development
• IP address allocation & assignment
• ASN assignment • Directory
services • Whois • IRR
• Reverse DNS
• Elections
• Meetings
• Information dissemination • Website • Newsletters • Roundtables
• Training
• Maintain e-mail discussion lists
• Conduct public policy meetings
• Publish policy documents
11
About ARIN • Regional Internet Registry (RIR) • 100% community funded • Services 25 economies in the Caribbean
and North America
12
Supports the operation of the Internet through the management of Internet number resources throughout its service region Coordinates the development of policies by the community for the management of Internet Protocol number resources Advances the Internet through informational outreach
13
193.0.0.131
196.216.2.1
192.149.252.7
200.160.2.15
202.12.29.20
192.0.0.214
206.131.253.68
192.0.34.163
On the Internet, you’re nothing but an IP address!
202.12.29.142
www.nro.net www.afrinic.net
www.arin.net
www.lacnic.net
www.apnic.net
www.ripe.net
www.isoc.org
www.icann.org
14
Who Provisions IP Addresses & ASNs?
15
The Internet
2001:0C00:8888:: My Computer
www.cernet.cn?
Using Domain Names
DNS
1. My Computer asks the DNS where to find www.cernet.cn
16
The Internet
2001:0C00:8888:: My Computer
202.112.0.46 2001:0400::
Using Domain Names
DNS
2. The DNS provides the IPv4 or IPv6 address for the requested URL.
17
The Internet
2001:0C00:8888:: My Computer www. cernet.cn
2001:0400::
202.112.0.46 2001:0400::
Using Domain Names
DNS
3. My Computer queries the appropriate server for the IP address provided by the DNS.
18
IP Addresses are Not Domain Names • IP Address [Identifier] – “Computer-friendly” – Unique number identifies computer on Internet – Used for routing (moving information across an inter-
network from a source to a destination)
• DNS Name [Reference] – “People-Friendly” – Maps host name to unique IP address – A means of storing and retrieving information
about hostnames and IP addresses in a distributed data base
19
What is a Domain Name?
• A domain name is label that a person uses in place of an IP address to locate a site on the Internet, like www.arin.net
20
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)? • The Domain Name System
(DNS) is a way to store and retrieve information about domain names and IP addresses.
21
What is an Autonomous System Number (ASN)? • A globally unique number (16 or 32 bit) used
by routing protocols (like BGP) to identify an autonomous system (a connected group of IP networks that adhere to a single, clearly defined routing policy)
– 4,294,967,296 AS numbers (or 232) – e.g. 36863 (16 bit), 393225 (32 bit)
22
What is Routing?
Routing is the act of moving information across an internetwork from a source to a destination.
23
Why DNSSEC? What is it?
• Standard DNS (forward or reverse) responses are not secure – Easy to spoof – Notable malicious attacks
• DNSSEC attaches signatures – Validates responses – Can not spoof
24
Internet Ecosystem
25
Internet Ecosystem Components
• Education and Capacity Building
• Local, national, regional policy development
• Users, Individual & Organizations
26
Education & Capacity Building
• Governments • Universities & Academic Institutions • Internet Society (ISOC) • Multilateral Institutions & Development
Agencies • Community Organizations & Businesses
27
Policy Development
• Local, National, and Regional • Governments • Multilateral Institutions and
Development Agencies • Internet Governance Policy Discussion
Fora
28
Users • Individuals • Governments • Multilateral Institutions • Policy Discussion Forums • Service Creators & Vendors who use
the Internet to communicate, offer services, content, applications, etc.
29
30
Internet Governance Matters • The Internet is seen as – A global force – An ecosystem
• Many implications – Economic – Social – Political
Worldwide Resource => Many Competing Interests
31
The Internet Touches Everyone and Everyone has a stake in how it works
32
33
Thank You