The Internet

Computer/ICTMacleod

Power and GrowthThe content on the World Wide Web

changes faster than anything else we’ve ever seen in our culture.

It is a powerful learning tool.Extremely influential in the lives of many people around the world.

One must understand the structure of the Internet to use it effectively and efficiently!

How did it get its name?

• This internationalization of the Internet helped give its name - an INTERnational NETwork; hence

Internet.

The Internet and the World Wide Web

• The Internet and the World Wide Web are not the same things. The Internet provides access to the World Wide Web.

• Internet Hardware, such as computers, cables, and telephone wires, that is connected to create a massive worldwide network.

• World Wide Web Software that sends information that is stored in files along the Internet’s hardware

While DARPA was launched in the late 1950′s, it wasn’t till 1962 that the first ideas about a web or interconnected net type of system were formed.

J.C.R. Licklider of MIT

How did the internet start?

• 1960s -ARPANET, (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) a defense force project in the US which had the objective of connecting several super-computer sites in the country with one another so that if any one of them was destroyed by a nuclear explosion, data packet switching) lead to TCP/IP It began fully functional in 1969.

History

• 1980 – changed to share

scientific information

• 1989- World Wide Web was actually created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee

• 1992 - created software for the public use Sprint got involved

1st Web browser

• Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first web browser on a NeXT computer, called WorldWideWeb in 1990. The NCSA Mosaic was the web browser

Created by Marc Andreessen and others, Mosaic was the first widely-used multimedia Web browser. Netscape Navigator

• Microsoft’s Internet Explorer was created in 1994 took off around ‘98.

Types of Web Sites• Commercial sites

E-commerce sites (shopping)

Corporate presence sites (provides info)

• Portal sites • (variety of services used

everyday) MSN Google• Informational sites

News sites Government sites Public interest sites

• Educational sites School and

university sites Tutorials and

distance learning Museums and other

institutions• Personal sites (share

interest or news with each other)

• Use a personal views

Who owns the Internet

• NO ONE! No a person or a company. It is networks connected together.

• No single set of laws governs its content.  You connect to the Internet through a private Internet service provider and/or a public Wi-Fi network.

Connections

• ADSL, abbreviation for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a type of broadband connection that is available through a user’s active telephone line

• Cable Broadband• DSL –FTTP Wi-Fi

EmailElectronic Mail (email) is the most frequently used application of the Internet. Many people who have access to the Internet at school, home, and work, use the Internet for no other purpose than to send and receive email.

294 billion messages per day means more than 2.8 million emails are sent every second and some 90 trillion emails are sent per year. Around 90% of these millions and trillions of message are but spam and viruses.

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

Bandwidth Maximum amount of data that can travel through Internet

Firewall Hardware/Software that prevents certain data from traveling to your computer from the Internet

Home Page The first page viewed on a website

Error 404 Broken Link (web page is not there)

Post Office Mail Snail Mail

Upload

Copying data (files) from the Internet to YOUR computerDownload

Copying data (files) YOUR Computer to the Internet

How the Web Works•A Web browser translates the text-based HTML into a

graphical Web page.

Menu

Viewing Area

Title Bar

Web Address

Navigation buttons

http://www.nps.gov/grsm/planyourvisit/wildlifeviewing.htm

Address bar

Tab

hyperlink

Search text

Domain Names

• When you think of the Internet, you probably think of ".com." Just what do those three letters at the end of a World Wide Web address mean? In order to locate online data, the web servers that host the information each have a unique numerical address. For example, the numerical address IPS 198.137.240.100. But since few people want to remember long strings of numbers, the Domain Name System (DNS) was invented. DNS, a critical part of the Internet's technical infrastructure, correlates a numerical address to a word. To access a website, you could type its number into the address box of your web browser.

Domain Names• The Structure of a Domain Name• A domain name always has two or more parts separated by dots and typically consists of some form of an organization's

name and a three letter or more suffix. For example, the domain name for IBM is "ibm.com"; the United Nations is "un.org." Here are the most common:

• .aero--For the air-transport industry .biz--Reserved for businesses • .com--For businesses and commercial enterprises; most companies use this extension. • .coop--Reserved for cooperatives • .edu--For educational institutions and universities • .gov--Reserved for United States government agencies • .info--For informational sites • .int--For organizations established by international treaties • .jobs--For employment-related sites • .mil--For the United States military • .mobi--For sites related to mobile devices • .museum--For use by museums • .name--For use by individuals • .net--For networks; usually reserved for organizations such as Internet service providers • .org--For non-commercial organizations • .pro--For use by licensed professionals, such as attorneys and physicians • .tel--For services connecting phone networks and the Internet • .travel--For travel-related services, like airlines, hotels and agents • The more popular TLDs (.com, .net, .org, .biz, .info, .name) are available to the general

public

YEAR Population Users % Pop. Broadband

2000 281,421,906 124,000,000 44.1 % n/a

2001 285,317,559 142,823,008 50.0 % n/a

2002 288,368,698 167,196,688 58.0 % n/a

2003 290,809,777 172,250,000 59.2 % n/a

2004 293,271,500 201,661,159 68.8 % n/a

2005 299,093,237 203,824,428 68.1 % n/a

2007 301,967,681 212,080,135 70.2 % n/a

2008 303,824,646 220,141,969 72.5 % n/a

2009 307,212,123 227,719,000 74.1 % n/a

2010 310,232,863 239,893,600 77.3 % 85,287,100

Internet Usage and Population Growth

Myspace Facts

• MySpace was founded by former Friendster members Chris Dewolfe and Tom Anderson in 2003. They saw opportunity to beat Friendster with more options and less restrictions for social network users. MySpace was purchased in 2005 for $580 million by Rupert Murdoch creator of a media empire that includes 20th Century Fox and the Fox television stations. Google paid $900 million to be MySpace's search provider. MySpace runs on Microsoft .NET Framework, operating under Windows 2003 server and applications written in C# for ASP.NET.

• Myspace (previously styled as MySpace is a social networking service owned by Specific Media LLC and pop star Justin Timberlake.

• In August 2011, Myspace had 33.1 million unique U.S. visitors.

MySpace has more than 40 billion page views a month.

Facts• September 2, 1969: First time two computers communicated

with each other.

• 1971: The first email was sent.

• The first Internet access was by dial-up modem, tied up your phone line, and paid by the hour. Plus, it took about 30 seconds to load each page.

• The first message ever to be transmitted was LOG.. why? The user had attempted to type LOGIN, but the network crashed after the enormous load of data of the letter G.

• 17 billion devices will be connected to the Internet (in total) by the year 2012.

• In the US Internet Usage Statistics 239,893,600 Internet users as of June/10, 77.3% of the population,

Facts

• According to legend, Amazon became the number one shopping site because in the days before the invention of the search giant Google, Yahoo would list the sites in their directory alphabetically! Jeff Bezos coined the term Amazon.com from the earlier name Cadabra.com.

• Of the 247 billion email messages sent every day, 81% are pure spam.

• Twenty hours of video from around the world are uploaded to YouTube every minute. The first ever YouTube video was uploaded on April 23rd 2005,by Jawed Karim (one of the founders of the site) and was 18 seconds long, entitled “Me at the zoo”. It was quite boring.

• In 1996 Americans with Internet access spent fewer than 30 minutes a month surfing the Web. Today, we spend about 27 hours a month online.

Facts• Google estimates that the Internet today contains about 5 million

terabytes of data (1TB = 1,000GB), and claims it has indexed only 0.04% of it all!

• There are more searches for Justin Beiber than there are for Jesus on the internet.

• The Fastest internet in the world. South Korea has the worlds best broadband in terms of quality. The download speed is averaged to have a latency of 48 milliseconds, this means it is basically ready for High definition video online.

• More than 3.7 million domain names are registered every month.• The first banner advertisement on Internet was used in 1994.• Facebook holds more than 10 billion photographs.• Google uses more electricity than some countries do in a year.• There are 18 countries in the world that still don’t have any form of

Internet connection.

History of dates

• 1991 organization went live Whitehouse UN World Banks

• 1993 1st commercial site was Pizza Hut• 1994 Yahoo founded• 1996 browser created Netscape Microsoft signal new

software development• 1996 Google founded and Flash introduced• 1999 6.5 million sites online• 2000’s YouTube 2005 with 68,000 +WI-Fi online• 2006 Mozilla Firefox released• 2007 iPhone released

Navigating the World Wide Web Web browsers - Netscape Navigator,

Firefox, Safari , Google CROME & Microsoft Internet Explorer

Search Engines - Yahoo, Excite, DogPile, Lycos, AltaVista, HotBot, Google, MSN etc.

Search Engines for Students

• Ask for KidsAfast, easy and kid-friendly way for kids to search online. Designed to be a fun destination site focused on learning and “edu-tainment

• Yahooligans!Yahooligans! is a browsable, searchable directory of Internet sites for kids. Each site has been carefully checked by an experienced educator to ensure the content and links are appropriate for kids aged 7-12

Search Engines- Popular

• Now we have Bing It is owned by Microsoft.

• AltaVistaFeaturing web and newsgroup search engine as well as paid submission services.

• LycosOnline destination site combining elements of navigation, community, and Business

• ExciteProvides search, news, email, personals, portfolio tracking, and other services.

• HotBotSearch engine that offers custom filters, skins, and access various other engines.

Interesting facts

• Google:

• Google.com indexes 23.5 billion public web pages.

• 9.5 billion static pages are hidden from the public. (that are not even a hit) private intranet content like company websites/databases ie aries

Search Engines for students

• AllTheWebSearch engine which indexes web pages, as well as multimedia, audio, FTP, PDF, and MS Word files from around the world.

• MSN Search The new MSN Search makes it easier and faster to find just what you’re after. With results from MSN Music, MSN Encarta® and even your own desktop, MSN Search gives you all the tools you need to make the most of your time.

• Duck Duck Go

Search Engines: ToolbarsYahoo! Toolbar CompanionStanford University graduate students Jerry Yang and David Filo created this popular Web portal in 1994. It remains a favorite for email, photo sharing (it owns Flickr) and other services.

More search engines

Ask ToolbarSearch the Web, your desktop or your email directly from your browser using the Ask Toolbar. Personalize your search experience with saved locations, your local news and read the latest news in your toolbar.

• Google ToolbarAs you type a search query into the new Toolbar’s search box, you’ll see a list of useful suggestions based on popular Google searches, spelling corrections and your own Toolbar search history and bookmarks.

• MSN ToolbarSearch the web, start MSN Hotmail, or open MSN Messenger – all without leaving the page you’re on