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THE INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE CONTINUUM: STUDENT, TEACHER AND SCHOOL OUTCOMES
Final Report
Allan Walker Darren Bryant Moosung Lee The Joseph Lau Luen Hung Charitable Trust Asia Pacific Centre for Leadership and Change Hong Kong Institute of Education
Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... I
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... II
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 1
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 7 1-1 Project Aims ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1-2 Research Questions .................................................................................................................................. 7 1-3 Literature Review ..................................................................................................................................... 8
1-3-1 International Baccalaureate Schools ................................................................................................ 8 1-3-2 Leadership in IB Schools .................................................................................................................... 9 1-3-3 Learner Profile ................................................................................................................................. 10
1-4 Research Design...................................................................................................................................... 12 1-5 Structure of Report ................................................................................................................................. 14
2 QUANTITATIVE STUDY I INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF IB LEARNER PROFILE QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................................................... 15 2-1 Two Delphi Studies ................................................................................................................................. 15 2-2 Construct Validity on the Pilot Study Survey ........................................................................................... 18 2-3 Construct Validity of the Main Study Survey ........................................................................................... 23 2-4 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 29
3 QUANTITATIVE STUDY I VALIDATION OF TEACHER SURVEY INSTRUMENT .......................... 30 3-1 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3-2 Analytical Strategies ............................................................................................................................... 31 3-3 Results .................................................................................................................................................... 32 3-4 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 42
4 QUANTITATIVE STUDY II LINKING SCHOOL CHARACTERISTICS TO TEACHER AND STUDENT OUTCOMES ........................................................................................................................ 43 4-1 Comparative Analyses of Teacher and Student Outcomes ...................................................................... 43
4-1-1 Group Comparisons by Type of IB Continuum ................................................................................. 45 4-2 Comparison by the Proportion of Local Students in IB Schools ............................................................... 50 4-3 Exploring the Effects of School Characteristics and Learner Profile on IB Examination Scores ................ 54
4-3-1 Data Sources and Measures ............................................................................................................ 54 4-3-2 Analytical Strategies ....................................................................................................................... 55 4-3-3 HLM Results .................................................................................................................................... 55 4-3-4 Limitation of the Analysis ................................................................................................................ 59
4-4 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 59
5 QUALITATIVE STUDY METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 61 5-1 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 61
5-1-1 School Selection .............................................................................................................................. 61 5-1-2 Data Collection and Analysis ........................................................................................................... 62
6 SCHOOL I REPORT .............................................................................................................. 65 6-1 School Culture and Leadership ................................................................................................................ 65
6-1-1 Leadership Roles and Structures ..................................................................................................... 65 6-1-2 School Cohesion and Culture ........................................................................................................... 65
6-2 Student Learning .................................................................................................................................... 69 6-2-1 Coherent Learning Experiences ....................................................................................................... 73 6-2-2 Bottom-Up Curriculum Alignment................................................................................................... 76
6-3 Teacher Outcomes .................................................................................................................................. 76 6-3-1 Collaboration around School Policy ................................................................................................ 77 6-3-2 Collaboration around the Curriculum ............................................................................................. 77 6-3-3 Professional Learning ...................................................................................................................... 78
6-4 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 80
7 SCHOOL II REPORT ............................................................................................................. 82 7-1 School Culture and Leadership ................................................................................................................ 82
7-1-1 Leadership Roles and Structures ..................................................................................................... 82 7-1-2 School Cohesion .............................................................................................................................. 83 7-1-3 School Culture ................................................................................................................................. 85
7-2 Student Learning .................................................................................................................................... 87 7-2-1 Knowledgeable and Inquirers: The LP and the Narrowing of the Curriculum ................................. 87 7-2-2 Open-minded .................................................................................................................................. 89 7-2-3 Coherent Learning Experience ........................................................................................................ 89
7-3 Teacher Outcomes .................................................................................................................................. 92 7-3-1 Collaboration................................................................................................................................... 92 7-3-2 Curriculum Development Work ....................................................................................................... 92 7-3-3 Professional Learning ...................................................................................................................... 94
7-4 Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 95
8 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 97 8-1 School Culture ........................................................................................................................................ 97 8-2 Language and Coherence ..............................
