The Intelligent Designer is the God who created the world recently

OldYoung

Evidence for a young world connects theDesigner with the Bible

ID and Young World

Outline• Introduction

• Astronomy Examples of a Young Universe

• Geology Examples of a Young Earth

• Biological Examples of life being young

• Carbon Dating (Organic materials)

• Uranium-Lead Dating (Inorganic materials)

• Summary

Why I don’t believe in evolution

• Materials cannot create things: information and sequencing of language is the key

• No fossil evidence for macro-evolution exists

• No biochemical mechanism for macro-evolution exists (recall Behe)

• Design argues against evolution (recall Newton)

• Law of Biogenesis argues against evolution and Spontaneous Generation (recall Pasteur)

• Thermodynamics argues against evolution (recall Kelvin)

• Randomness cannot create things (recall Maxwell)

Question: If evolution is not true, is there a need for long periods of time in the earth’s history???

The Bible insists that the world is young

“For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth … “

— Exodus 20:11

“For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth … “

— Exodus 20:11

Context: Ordinary days

Scripture connection

sixdaysNot used:

Long time, age, eon

To thousandth generation

Thousands of myriads of years

James Ussher (1581-1656), Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland, and Vice-Chancellor of Trinity College in Dublin was highly regarded in his day as a churchman and as a scholar. Of his many works, his treatise on chronology has proved the most durable. Based on an intricate correlation of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean histories and Holy writ, it was incorporated into an authorized version of the Bible printed in 1701, and thus came to be regarded with almost as much unquestioning reverence as the Bible itself. Having established the first day of creation as Sunday 23 October 4004 BC, by the arguments set forth in the passage below, Ussher calculated the dates of other biblical events, concluding, for example, that Adam and Eve were driven from Paradise on Monday 10 November 4004 BC, and that the ark touched down on Mt Ararat on 5 May 2348 BC `on a Wednesday'.

Jesus Christsays the world is young

4000 years 2000 yearsNow

— No room for long ages

— Mark 10:6

But from the beginning of creation,

God made them male and female.

Hundreds of physical processesset limits on the age of the world

1. Helium in atmosphere2. Helium in ground3. Meteor dust4. Buildup of carbon 145. Human population6. Natural plutonium7. Sodium in sea8. Sediment in sea9. Erosion of continents

10. Earth's magnetic field11. Oil leaks in earth12. Natural gas in earth13. Orphan radiohalos14. Neutrons and strontium15. Decay of rock magnetism16. Tight bends in rocks

21. Coral reef growth22. Oldest living plants23. Human civilizations24. River delta growth25. Undersea oil seepage26. Uranium in sea27. Neutrons and lead28. Rotation of spiral galaxies29. Interstellar gas expansion30. C-14 in meteorites31. Decay of comets32. Interplanetary dust removal33. Lifetime of meteor showers34. Dust on the moon35. Slowing of earth's rotation36. Heat loss from earth

41. Peat bog growth42. Multi-layer fossils43. Hardening of rocks44. Decay of Saturn's rings45. Potassium in the sea46. Titan's methane loss47. Internal heat of Io48. Leaching of chlorine49. Radiogenic lead50. Niagara Falls erosion51. Stone age burials52. Seafloor calareceous ooze53. Uranium decay54. Squashed radiohalos55. Young water to sea56. Magma to earth's crust

Most give an age less than billions of years

Many of the processes setupper limits, not lower limits

Age (years)

Process

10 Billion

100 Million

1 Million

10,000

1 2 3 4 5

Evolution

Bible

Galaxies wind themselves up too fast

Supposed to be 10 billion years old

Less than 0.3 billion yearswindup

Not enough supernova “smoke rings”

Only 200 remnants seen in our galaxy:

Only 7,000 years worth

Crab Nebula

Supposed to be 5 billion years old

Lifetimein Solar System:Less than10,000 years

Comets crumble too quickly

Mud entering: 25 billion tons / year

Max age: 12 million years

Ocean

Mud leaving: 1 billion tons / year

Subducting Plate

Mud: 400 meters Continent

Seafloor mud accumulates too fast

The sea is not salty enough

Sodium In:450 milliontons per year

Out:120 milliontons per year

Max age: 62 million years

Current

The Earth’s magnetic field is losing energy too fast

Loses half its energy every 1400 years

Lost energy fasterduring reversalsin Genesis Flood

Max age: 20,000 years

Biological material decays too fast

1. “Mitochondrial Eve” 200,000 years 6,000-----------

2. DNA in amber: 135 million years

3. DNA in dino bones: 70 million years

4. Permian bacteria revived: 250 million years

5. Neandertal DNA: 100,000 years

6. Dinosaur blood cells: 70 million years

< 10,000---------------

< 10,000---------------

< 10,000---------------

< 10,000------------

< 10,000---------------

DNA

Not enough Stone Age graves

HumanPopulation

Time160,000 years

1 Million

Limited food

Evolutionism:

Farming

Only thousands exist. Max ~ 500 years

Time

Over 6 Billion graves

Written history is too short

One

Thousands

Millions

Billions

Number of Documents

NowChristAbraham

~ 4500 years

These data implythe whole creation is young

7. Biological decay8. Stone age graves9. History shortness

Life is young

What about carbon dating and all that?

The heavens are young1. Galaxies2. Supernovas3. Comets

The earth is young4. Mud 5. Sea Salt 6. Magnetic Field

Radiometric Dating Assumptions• Radiocarbon dating for living things and other methods for non-living things (K-Ar, U-Pb, etc.)

• Radioactive decay is measurable and hence can be used as a clock to measure ages

• Constant rate of decay

• C-14 has always been the same in air as present; that is, equilibrium is assumed, the idea that the rate of C-14 decay equals the C-14 production rate.

• No leeching occurred during transition from mother to daughter element (Boundary condition, nothing coming into the system)

• All of mother element transitioned into daughter element (Boundary condition, nothing going out of the system)

• No daughter element was present at beginning (initial condition)

Radioactive dating assumptions

All fossils have young C-14 ages Conventional : Millions

Standard C-14: < 70,000

Corrected C-14: 5,000

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Percent of modern C-14/C ratio

Nu

mb

er o

f sa

mp

les

Coal, wood, shells,bone, marble, naturalgas, CO2, calcite, oil.

Carbon dating

Carbon 14 contaminates all creatures

In Biospheretoday:

C-14

C-12=

62 tons

75 trillion tons=

1

1.2 trillion

One out of every trillion carbon atoms in your body is radioactive !

Biosphere : Air, Plants, Animals, Soil, Sea

CO 2

N14+cosmic radiation=C14

When a creature dies,carbon-14 in it slowly decreases.

C-14/C-12Ratio

Time0

Birth Death Now

Decay

Middle Tertiary (conventional ‘age’ of 33 Myr from Geologic Column) wood from Crinium,

Queensland, Australia, with uncorrected C-14 age of 44,700 years.

Wood in Jurassic siltstone (conventional ‘age’ of 185 Myr from Geologic

Column) Edgehill, England, with uncorrected C-14 age of 24,000 years.

Coalified wood from the Permian coal seam (conventional ‘age’ of 250 Myr

from Geologic Column) New South Wales, Australia, with uncorrected C-14 age of 33,700 years.

Detection Limit for the AMS Method

The detection limit for the AMS method is about one 14C atom for every 1017 12C atoms, or an absolute 14C/12C ratio of 10-17.

Since the modern 14C/12C ratio in living things is about 10-12, the AMS method can measure ratios as low as about 10-5 times (0.001%) the modern ratio (0.001 percent modern carbon or pmc).

Assuming the modern 14C/12C ratio prevailed in the atmosphere uniformly back in the past, 0.001 pmc corresponds to an age of 95,000 years.

Absolute Age Limitation for 14C

The observed 14C half-life of 5730 years implies the number of 14C atoms in a sample is reduced by 1/2 every 5730 years.

After 40 half-lives or 229,200 years, the amount of 14C is diminished by a factor of (1/2)40 = 10-12.

This is 10-7 smaller than the AMS detection limit and as such cannot be used beyond this limit.

Figure 1. Uniformitarian age as a function of 14C/C ratio in percent modern carbon (pmc). The uniformitarian approach for interpreting the 14C data assumes a constant 14C production rate and a constant biospheric carbon inventory extrapolated into the indefinite past. It does not account for the possibility of a recent global catastrophe that removed a large quantity of carbon from the biospheric inventory. Purple band shows range of values for most ’14C dead’ biological samples.

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

Uni

form

itaria

n A

ge (

year

s)

Percent Modern Carbon

57,000 years

48,000 years

41,000 years

0.3

TABLE 1. AMS Measurements on Samples Conventionally Deemed 14C ‘Dead’ As Reported in the Peer-Reviewed Radiocarbon Literature

 

Item 14C/C (pmc) (±1 S.D.) Material Reference

1 0.71±?* Marble Aerts-Bijma et al. [1]

2 0.65±0.04 Shell Beukens [8]

3 0.61±0.12 Foraminifera Arnold et al. [2]

4 0.60±0.04 Commercial graphite Schmidt et al. [36]

5 0.58±0.09 Foraminifera (Pyrgo murrhina) Nadeau et al. [30]

6 0.54±0.04 Calcite Beukens [8]

7 0.52±0.20 Shell (Spisula subtruncata) Nadeau et al. [30]

8 0.52±0.04 Whale bone Jull et al. [24]

9 0.51±0.08 Marble Gulliksen & Thomsen [21]

10 0.5±0.1 Wood, 60 Ka Gillespie & Hedges [19]

11 0.46±0.03 Wood Beukens [8]

12 0.46±0.03 Wood Vogel et al. [45]

13 0.44±0.13 Anthracite Vogel et al. [45]

14 0.42±0.03 Anthracite Grootes et al. [20]

15 0.401±0.084 Foraminifera (untreated) Schleicher et al. [35]

16 0.40±0.07 Shell (Turitella communis) Nadeau et al. [30]

17 0.383±0.045 Wood (charred) Snelling [37]

18 0.358±0.033 Anthracite Beukens et al. [9]

19 0.35±0.03 Shell (Varicorbula gibba) Nadeau et al. [30]

20 0.342±0.037 Wood Beukens et al. [9]

21 0.34±0.11 Recycled graphite Arnold et al. [2]

22 0.32±0.06 Foraminifera Gulliksen & Thomsen [21]

23 0.3±? Coke Terrasi et al. [43]

24 0.3±? Coal Schleicher et al. [35]

25 0.26±0.02 Marble Schmidt et al. [36]

26 0.2334±0.061 Carbon powder McNichol et al. [29]

27 0.23±0.04 Foraminifera (mixed species avg.) Nadeau et al. [30]

28 0.211±0.018 Fossil wood Beukens [8]

75 0.05±? Carbon-12 (mass sp.) Schmidt, et al. [36]

76 0.045–0.012 (m0.06) Graphite Grootes et al. [20]

77 0.04±?* Graphite rod Aerts-Bijma et al. [1]

78 0.04±0.01 Graphite (Finland) Bonani et al. [14]

79 0.04±0.02 Graphite Van der Borg et al. [44]

80 0.04±0.02 Graphite (Ceylon) Bird et al. [12]

81 0.036±0.005 Graphite (air) Schmidt et al. [36]

82 0.033±0.013 Graphite Kirner et al. [25]

83 0.03±0.015 Carbon powder Schleicher et al. [35]

84 0.030±0.007 Graphite (air redone) Schmidt et al. [36]

85 0.029±0.006 Graphite (argon redone) Schmidt et al. [36]

86 0.029±0.010 Graphite (fresh surface) Schmidt et al. [36]

87 0.02±? Carbon powder Pearson et al. [33]

88 0.019±0.009 Graphite Nadeau et al. [30]

89 0.019±0.004 Graphite (argon) Schmidt et al. [36]

90 0.014±0.010 CaC2 (technical grade) Beukens [10]

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

14C/C Ratios Measuredin Non-Biological

Precambrian Samples

Nu

mb

er

of

Sa

mp

les

Percent Modern Carbon

Mean: 0.062Std dev: 0.034

Precambrian Samples indicate oldest ages of 57,000 years (Preflood)

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

14C/C Ratios Measuredin Biological

Phanerozoic Samples

Nu

mb

er

of

Sa

mp

les

Percent Modern Carbon

Mean: 0.292Std dev: 0.162

Phanerozoic Samples indicate ages of 41,000 to 57,000 years (Post-flood)

How Do Uniformitarian Researchers Explain Large Amounts of 14C in Samples That Should Be Utterly 14C-Dead?

They refer to the 14C as ‘contamination,’ but most admit that the 14C is intrinsic to their samples and most further admit they have no explanation for its origin.

Table 2. Results of AMS 14C analysis of 10 RATE coal samples. These measurements were performed using the laboratory’s ‘high precision’ procedures which involved four runs on each sample, the results of which were combined as a weighted average and then reduced by 0.077±0.005 pmc to account for a ‘standard background’ of contamination believed to be introduced by sample processing.

Sample Coal Seam Name State County Geological Interval 14C/C (pmc)

DECS-1 Bottom Texas Freestone Eocene 0.30±0.03

DECS-11 Beulah North Dakota Mercer Eocene 0.20±0.02

DECS-25 Pust Montana Richland Eocene 0.27±0.02

DECS-15 Lower Sunnyside Utah Carbon Cretaceous 0.35±0.03

DECS-16 Blind Canyon Utah Emery Cretaceous 0.10±0.03

DECS-28 Green Arizona Navajo Cretaceous 0.18±0.02

DECS-18 Kentucky #9 Kentucky Union Pennsylvanian 0.46±0.03

DECS-21 Lykens Valley #2 Pennsylvania Columbia Pennsylvanian 0.13±0.02

DECS-23 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Washington Pennsylvanian 0.19±0.02

DECS-24 Illinois #6 Illinois Macoupin  Pennsylvanian 0.29±0.03

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Coal 14CAMS Results

Nu

mb

er

of

Sa

mp

les

Percent Modern Carbon

Mean: 0.247Std dev: 0.109

Histogram representation of AMS 14C analysis of ten coal samples undertaken by RATE 14C research project.

RATE Analyses Support Already Published ResultsRATE AMS analyses have served to increase the

confidence level in the published 14C levels and to confirm that the variation in the values across the fossil-bearing part of the record is surprisingly small.

The case that intrinsic 14C at levels in the range 0.1-0.5 pmc exists in all pre-Ice Age fossil organic materials now appears to be an all but established scientific fact.

Uniformity of 14C Values With Depth in the Geological Record

When we average our results over geological intervals, we obtain remarkably similar values of 0.26 pmc for the Eocene, 0.21 pmc for the Cretaceous, and 0.27 pmc for the Pennsylvanian coal samples.

The fact that the 14C/12C ratios cluster about a common value of about 0.25 pmc, regardless of geological ‘age’ is compelling evidence that all this fossil organic material was buried contemporaneously not so long ago.

This is consistent with the account in Genesis of a global Flood that destroyed most of the air-breathing life on the planet in a single year-long cataclysm.

Evidence for Global Cataclysm

But how does one reconcile 14C dates of 40,000-60,000 years ago for fossil organisms buried in the Genesis Flood with the Biblical date of about 5000 years ago?

The Genesis flood removedmuch carbon from the biosphere.

There is much less carbon in today’s biosphere.

Coal, oil, natural gas

Plants, soil, animals

The C-14 / C-12 ratio wasmuch smaller before the flood.

C-14

C-12

Ratio

Pre-flood Now

likely < 30 tons 62 tons

> 7500 trillion tons 75 trillion tons

< 0.008 trillionth 0.83 trillionth

Preflood ratio: Less than 1 % of today

The C-14 / C-12 ratio increased

rapidly after the Flood.Ratio

Time0

1

1 Trillion

~ 1%of today

NowFlood

The fastest change was during the Ice Age.

Ice

Ag

e

C-14 data supports rapid C-14 increase

during the Ice Age

Ice-age dating discrepancies

Wooly mammoth C-14 ages:

leg bones — 17,575 ± 550 yrs ribs — 20,400 ± 450 yrs R.E. Lee, 1982

By not accounting for the Flood, uniformitarianism yields excessive C-14 ages.

Ratio

Time

Ratio in atmosphere

Ratio in fossil

NowTrueAge,

5,000 yr

Uniformitarian Assumption

CreationWrong"Age,”10,000 yr

Flood

C-14 Detected in South African Diamond Indicates Earth is Young!

In a report released in July 2003, radiocarbon lab finds level of C-14 in South African diamond 100 times above the detection threshold. Result appears to limit the age of the Earth to mere thousands of years.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

14C/C Ratios Measuredin Non-Biological

Precambrian Samples

Nu

mb

er

of

Sa

mp

les

Percent Modern Carbon

Mean: 0.062Std dev: 0.034

RATE diamond sample, Kimberley, South AfricaAMS 14C/C ratio: 0.096±0.026 pmc

Significance of 14C in Precambrian Samples

The presence of reproducible 14C well above AMS instrument threshold levels in essentially every Precambrian sample reported in the literature suggests that these samples contain primordial 14C!

This implies the physical earth itself must be only thousands, as opposed to billions, of years old!

Summary of 14C Results

The 14C data provide some of the clearest radioisotope evidence yet for a few thousand year age for the fossil record. These data also provide strong support for a uniform age for all but the topmost part of this record. As such they provide compelling positive evidence that this record is the product of a single, recent, global Flood cataclysm. Moreover, 14C in Precambrian samples puts a severe limit of the age of the earth itself.

What about other nonliving radiometric methods?

Recent measurement of helium diffusion rate gives

nuclear evidence for a young world!

Evidence indicates 1.5 billion years worth of nuclear decay occurred within roughly the last 6000 years!

Tiny zircon crystals in the Earth’scontinental crust are radioactive.

0.75 µm

--contain uraniumand thorium atoms

Radioactive decay makes helium.

Eight Helium Atoms

Nuclear decay

The helium diffuses out of the zircons.

Helium Atom

Crystal Atoms

Lightweight Fast-movingNon-reacting

Helium moves through the crystal andthrough cracks at crystal boundaries.

The helium is still in the zircons.Radioisotope age: “1.5 Billion years”

Helium retained in zirconspercent of 1.5 Billion year’s worth:

Sample Depth (meters)

Temp.(ºC)

Helium(%)

1 960 105 58

2 2170 151 27

3 2900 197 17

4 3502 239 1.2

5 3930 277 0.1

Fenton Hill, New MexicoLos Alamos geothermal site

10-23

10-21

10-19

10-17

10-15

10-13

10-11

1.5 2 2.5

He diffusion data support a youthful earth!

20022003Uniform

itarian

Jemez Zircon Data Latest data:

July, 2003 50-75 µm zircon size lower temperatures

Creation model

D (

cm

2/s

ec

)

1000 / Temperature (°K)

Model

RATE diffusion measurementsconfirm a short

time span for all the

nuclear decay:

5680 ± 2000 yr.

Diffusion Measurements

Two zircon “clocks” disagree by factor of more than 250,000!

Helium diffusion:5680 ± 2000 years

Uranium nuclear decay:1.5 billion years

The nuclear decay rate Could have been dramatically higher during brief intervals in the past.

Helium Leak Age:

6,000 years

Helium leakage deflates billion-year datesMicroscopic zircons

U-238

Uranium-lead age: “1.5 Billion years”

Nuclear decay

Helium atoms

Pb-206

RATE documentation is available Books Technical articlesLayman’s articles

“Quantized” galaxy red shifts imply the cosmos has a center

Distant star light

… and our own Milky Way galaxy is the center !… evidence for Intelligent Design !

Relativity allows a cosmos with a center to be young

Other Indicators of a Young Earth• Based on the production of atmospheric helium, the

atmosphere is less than 10,000 years old. Mason, Principles of Geochemistry,Wiley (1952) 186: M.Cook,"Where is the Earth's Radiogenic Helium,"Nature,179 (1957), p. 223.

• High concentrations of Hydrogen in the universe speaks of a youthful universe. Hoyle, The Nature of the Universe, N.Y., Harper (1960) p. 125.

• The present level of atmospheric Oxygen could be generated within 5000 yrs. assuming no Oxygen to start with. G.Ehrensvard, Life,Origin, and Development, Univ. of Chicago (1962) p. 135.

• If the earth were white hot at the beginning over billions of years ago coupled with the spin of the earth, we would get mountains 40 miles high at the equator. They don’t exist (Kelvin)

Other Indicators of a Young Earth

Other Indicators of a Young Earth (cont.)

• The sun burns up 1% of its mass every 1000 yrs., thus the earth cannot be 5 billions yrs. old.

• Based on the slowing down of the earth's spin it cannot be 5 billion years old. A.Fisher,"The Riddle of the Leap Second," Popular Science,202(1973),110.

• Erosion: wind and dust would have eroded the earth away 5 times at the current rate if it was 5 billion years old. Sharp cliffs, mountains,and oceans little affected by erosion indicate a young earth.

• Niagara Falls is less than 10,000 yrs. old.

• Dendrochronology: All living trees are less than 6000 yrs.• By measuring the rate of growth of Mississippi delta, its age

is about 4000 years.

Other Indicators of a Young Earth

Easy-to-read books document these data

Internet sites can help you1. Institute for Creation Research

ICR.org

2. Answers in GenesisAnswersInGenesis.org

3. Creation Research SocietyCreationResearch.org

The Designer made a young world

So you can trust the Bible

Data for youth heavilyoutweighs data for age Young

Data for agehas other explanations

Conclusion

Old

C-14