The Integumentary System

The integumentary system is the body system composed of parts that cover and protect the body (i.e. skin, hair, and nails).

SkinThe skin is the largest and most visible organ of

the body. It has different kinds of nerve cells that help you detect pain, pressure, touch, heat, and cold.

The epidermis is the outer layer of dead cells of the skin.

The dermis is the thick layer of living cells below the epidermis.

The subcutaneous layer is a layer of fatty tissue located below the dermis.

Important Functions Of The Skin

1. The skin keeps microorganisms from entering the body, thus providing a natural defense against infection.

2. The skin helps maintain body temperature and helps rid the body of waste.

3. The skin contains melanin, a pigment which gives the skin its color and helps provide protection from UV rays.

4. The skin contains oil glands that release a substance that helps keep hair from drying and becoming brittle.

HairHair shafts are made up of hardened dead

cells, while the roots of your hair are made up of living cells. You inherit an individual pattern of hair growth. Hair grows at a rate of about 6-8 inches per year. Your hair functions to protect your scalp from harmful UV rays as well as to help maintain body temperature.

NailsLike your hair, nails are made up of dead

cells. Your nails are surrounded by cuticles. A cuticle is the nonliving skin that surrounds the nails of the fingers and toes. Proper care of nails includes trimming and cleaning them for a neat appearance and good personal hygiene.

7 Ways To Care For Your Integumentary System

1. Daily cleaning keeps germs, dirt, and oil off the skin and scalp.

2. Treat dandruff.3. Select food containing Vitamin A. Milk

products and yellow and orange vegetables contain Vitamin A, which keeps skin and hair healthy.

4. Wear a sunscreen containing at least SPF 30, and wear protective clothing.

7 Ways To Care For Your Integumentary System (cont.)

5. Read directions when using makeup. Ingredients in makeup might cause skin rashes.

6. Seek proper medical care for skin rashes. A skin rash may be a sign of a more serious medical condition.

7. Check moles, warts, and freckles frequently. Changes in any of these might be a sign of skin cancer.