The Innovation and Entrepreneurial Spirit Co-financed by Greece...
Transcript of The Innovation and Entrepreneurial Spirit Co-financed by Greece...
The Innovation Week on R.E.S.
PV Systems Engineering and the other RES
T.E.I. of Patras with participation of other 13 European
Universities
The Innovation and
Entrepreneurial Spirit
Co-financed by Greece and the E.U. European Social Fund
Prof. S.Kaplanis
1. Welcome
Welcome to Patra to this joint International event
on RES with emphasis on PV systems and the
Innovative & Entrepreneurial spirit.
History
It started as Summer School since 2002-3 with
the support of the SOCRATES Program. In total
more than 20 European Universities have
contributed to its success.
This year we celebrate its 10th Anniversary
Recognition
It received an Award by the E.C. in a European
Competition, as a very important and
influential Initiative, in 2007-8
Also, it is acknowledged as a high Quality
Course in Europe and the only one delivered
in Greece, concerning PV Training
Present Status
• An Initiative under the Unit of Innovation
and Entrepreneurship,
co –funded by the E.S.F. of the E.U. and
the Greek State
within the scope of the
Operational Programme for Education and
Lifelong Learning
2. R.E.S. Importance
• Solar Energy : Huge Electromagnetic Radiation
1.7x 10^17 W with a wide spectrum:
• It is like the Heart in a body:
as it creates-causes Wind- Energy, Hydro cycle,
Biomass……
but of low density as,
Solar Radiation Intensity = 1000 W/m2 at solar noon
in a clear sky
• There is a need for Intelligent systems to convert to
other useful forms of Energy towards Sustainability
• SOLAR ENERGY
• PASSIVE SOLAR
TECHNOLOGIES
•
• WIND ENERGY
• OCEAN ENERGY
• CO GENERATION
• ΒΙOMASS
• PHOTOBOLTAICS
• HYDRO ELEDTRICAL
ENERGY
CLEAN
ENVIROMENT
QUALITY IN
LIFE
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
LIFE
The Renewable Energy Systems as a factor of
Sustainable Development
Prof. Socrates N. Kaplanis
http://solar-net.teipat.gr
• Merits: abundant and environmentally clean.
• Requirements: Conversion to Thermal ,
Electricity, Chemical, even Mechanical
• Targets:
Design such Converters, ( solar collectors, PV
cells) and conversion systems
• Management of the Energy System with R.E.S.
in it
• Increase the conversion efficiency and cost-
effectiveness
• Energy Demand :
Electricity- Power
Heat, space heating
Fuel – Transport
• Notice: Rational Uses of Energy and
Power Waste are main issues for
management and progress.
• ( Cogeneration)
Final Energy Consumption by Households in
EEA in mtoe
• 1985 1990 1995 2000
• BE 9.16 8.34 9.32 10.8
• GR 2.81 3.23 3.35 4.50
• IRL 2.13 2.17 2.19 2.50
• PT 2.46 2.29 2.99 2.70
• SE 9.65 6.84 7.78 8.20
• AU 6.99 6.77 7.04 4.80
Unit consumption per Dwelling (toe/dwel)- Unit
consumption for space heating (toe/dwel)
1 toe=41.8 GJ
• 1985 1990 1995 2000
BE 2.35/1.99 2.58/2.18 2.7/2.6 ---
GR 0.83/0.18 1.0/0.2 1.01/0.16 1.1/0.15
IRL 2.15/1.61 2.4/1.8 2.1/1.57 2.3/ 1.7
PT 0.40/0.26 0.53/0.34 ----- ------
SE 2.2/ 1.1 2.2/1.2 2.05/1.04 2.1/1.1
• The RES potential for every region is a MUST to
be assessed
• A campaign for RES, with studies per se is
imperative ( see Intelligent Energy for Europe)
• 1. Assessments
• 2.Solar Energy map
• 3.Wind Energy map
• 4. Hydro potential
• 5. Biomass estimation
• 6. Waves
• 7. Waste treatment
• Cogeneration
• Poly-generation
• Energy Storage
• Hybrids
• New sources
• others
• These are main areas of interest for RTD
3. Legislation
Renewable Energy Road Map:
• To assess the share of RES in the energy mix and the progress made towards the 20% of the total energy consumption from RES by 2020
• Measures to be taken to promote RES in the electricity, bio-fuels and Heating &Cooling
• COM(2006) 848 final , 10.01.2007
• Current Contribution (2005)
Energy Electricity
Biomass 66.1% 15.8%
Hydro-Power 22.2% 66.1%
Wind Power 5.5% 16.3 %
Geothermal 5.5% 1.2%
Solar Power 0.7% 0.3%
( Thermal & PV)
Notice: Heating & Cooling accounts for 50% approx. of the fuel
energy consumption.
No Legislation to promote. Studies required for the impact to
national economies
• For 2010 the target was:
• A 10% of the gross domestic energy
consumption to come from RES. But….
• High costs and no- sensitization on the impact
of fossil fuels to Health and environment
• Administrative problems, where decentralization
of energy production is involved
• Special discriminatory rules are posed
governing grid access.
• Inadequate info to suppliers, customers,
installers
1. Directive 2001/77/EC
• To promote electricity consumption from RES.
If all m.s. met the target set, then by 2010 the
share of RES in electricity would be 21%
2. Directive 2003/30/EC biofuels(5.75% by 2010)
3. Directive 98/70/EC on Fuel Quality…to be
amended to include bio-fuels
4. Competitive and Innovation Framework
Programme. C.I.P. 2007-2013
where environmental and RES technologies are
invited to play a role……new jobs creation
5. The Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund COM( 2006) 583 final
6. Directive 2005/32/EC Eco-design reqs for energy saving products
7. Directive 2002/91/EC on the Energy performance of Buildings ( OJ L 1(04.01.2003)
8. Renewable Energy: White Paper laying down a Community Strategy and Action plan
9.Green Paper: A European Strategy for Sustainable, Competitive and Secure Energy [COM (2006) 105 final]
10. Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and Directive 2005/32/EC establishing a framework to set ecodesign reqs for energy using products
• The RES Laboratory of the TEI of Patra is
active in RES Education-Training-RTD
• Education:
Offers courses in the 3rd and 4th year to Mech.
Engineers students
• 3rd year:
Solar Energy assessment, Management, Applications,
Solar thermal engineering, Passive solar Buildings
• 4th Year
• PV technologies, Sizing and Solar Buildings.
• Wind Energy assessment, & Technologies,
• Hybrid Systems
• Fuel Cells
• Training
Short Training by course, by placement,
e-training, LdV projects to develop
material
• Collaborations schemes : E&T , RTD
• National range
• European: ERASMUS, LdV, TEMPUS
• International: Egypt, ISR
• FP5 :ADEPT Project on
“ eco-design of products”
• FP6: CRISTAL Project on “Renewables”
• RES Lab. interests and activities
1. Solar Thermal, PV, Hybrids, Intelligent
energy Buildings
2. Integration of solar technologies
elements in the buildings shells: energy
facades, energy roofs, walls, Space
heating
3. Concentrating Parabolic collectors
4. PV generators integrated in building
shells, hybrids, grid tied
• PV + Thermal
• Simulation studies
• Solar energy roofs coupled with floor or wall heating
• Natural ventilation of energy buildings
• Comfort studies in buildings, introduction of solar cooling principles to save energy
• Sizing of PV systems. New cost-effective ways
• PV+Wind Hybrid systems…..production of H2 and feed to Fuel Cells plant
• Intelligent Buildings …predictive load management
• Tele-monitoring and tele-management of RES
• Promotion
Free evening classes
Visiting staff, MSc and Ph D students
web site: solar-net.teipat.gr etc
• Plans to:
• European M.Sc on RES: partners already:
Gr, CY, ISR, IT, ES, CZ, PL, DE BG,RO,
other associate partners:ES,DE,UK,SE,PT,SE
4. Our Initiative
• This is a joint initiative which brings
University actors, Enterprises and Social
Partners,
from various countries together to a Forum of
ideas, designs and products for elaboration,
Forging a spirit of collaboration for Innovations
and Intelligent Application on RES.
5. Outcomes
• The CD to be handed to you will have an ISSN no.
• The speakers are invited, if they like, to
prepare a scientific paper based on their ppt
presentation, and submit it to us.
This will be reviewed as there is an agreement with
the International Journal of Engineering Science
and Technology Review, indexed by Scopus, to
publish a special issue to include the reviewed
papers.
6. Joint Product
• A group of Professors of this International
event were invited to contribute to a Book
on Renewable Energy Systems to be
published this year by
NOVA Science Publishers, N.Y.
Title: Renewable Energy Systems: Theory,
Innovations and Intelligent Applications.
7. Expectations : Needs, Problems, Solutions
The rational management of renewable sources is
getting more and more necessary and demanding.
Emphasis has to be given for a harmonic chain process of :
Production Consumption
Offer Power Demand
Source Load
•Target :
The most cost-effective type of energy in
relation to the
Consumer / loads
(types and load characteristics)
widely Accessible and Available
•The last 30 years after the energy crisis, the
innovations in products and applications based
on R.E.S. are multiplied and developing,
mainly with the introduction and combination
of new technologies
Broader and general target: •Clean environment
•Abundant and Cheap Energy,
•Meeting the energy loads,
• where, when, the proper type.
• Quality in life, Continuous Development,
• Job creation,
• Competitiveness,
• Less dependence… Independence,
• Recognition ,
• Power,
• Production of Goods –Wealth-Welfare
Problems:
• Fluctuations on energy availability;
see the case of Solar and Wind Energy,
• Also, low energy density
• RES are abundant everywhere and
costless;
• However, Inertia is observed
in the implementation of R.E.S. ,
in large scale plants and applications
•Need for:
1.Education and Training at any level;
see in http://solar-net.teipat.gr
CDA : Solar Energy : Technology and
Management
1.1 provided for Engineers, Τechnicians,
Market, Individuals, Institutions, Authorities,
1.2 Continuous and Updated,
serving the Technology Transfer,
the innovations development and cost-
effective applications
• 2. Participation in international networks and partnerships joining various activities.
• 3. Development of S.M.Es and other Institutions to support and develop R.E.S. applications, beyond the small scale lab. or basic research.
• 4.Policy Decision Makers to be in Synergy with R.E.S. and the identified needs .
• The 30% of the energy demand...
due to buildings.
Therefore ,
Integration of R.E.S. technology and
elements into the building shells
Intelligent energy buildings coupled to web
services.
Energy Roofs and Facades
Space Heating and Cooling supported by
R.E.S.
Hot water industrial use
Hybrid systems
Agricultural applications for example .
Crop Drying, Water Purification,
Greenhouse , Air conditioning,
Pumping , Irrigation, Lighting of
Buildings and Streets
Space heating
Energy storage
• Solutions- Tools
Solar -thermal systems with various
types of solar collectors
Hot water or other type of fluid
PV Generators
PV – Thermal ...., Power & Heat
production from the same PV array
PV and wind turbines or a conventional
energy source,
PV and Fuel Cells
Poly-generation.
• Aim of the efforts
To maximize the Useful Energy (gain)
To minimize cost/unit : installation,
operation, service and maintenance
Reduction of loses
Increase of Yield, kWhe/kWp
High P.R. value of the system
Cost – effective Sizing of the R.E.S. units,
Reliable and competitive operation
All those are issues to be managed only inter - disciplinary
Mind the… “System Inertia ”
Measure the Impact and the added value to of this event to its constituents and the social partners
SOLAR COLLECTORS
Types of collectors Stationary
Sun tracking
Thermal analysis of collectors
Performance
Applications Solar water heating
Solar space heating and cooling
Refrigeration
Industrial process heat
Desalination
Solar thermal power systems
Acknowledgement
• Ministry of Education
• E.S.F. of the E.U.
• The Operational Program on Education and LLL
• The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Unit
• The speakers who came from far away to contribute,
• Our sponsors: Euro Bank, Solar Cells S.A.
Aleo, OTE, GEFYRA S.A. and finally
the persons behind the curtains, invisible who have done
so much work, taking up all the tasks off my shoulders
Types of solar collectors
Motion Collector type Absorber
type
Concentration
ratio
Indicative
temperature
range (°C)
Stationary
Flat plate collector (FPC) Flat 1 30-80
Evacuated tube collector (ETC) Flat 1 50-200
Compound parabolic collector (CPC) Tubular 1-5 60-240
Single-axis
tracking
5-15 60-300
Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) Tubular 10-40 60-250
Parabolic trough collector (PTC) Tubular 15-45 60-300
Cylindrical trough collector (CTC) Tubular 10-50 60-300
Two-axes
tracking
Parabolic dish reflector (PDR) Point 100-1000 100-500
Heliostat field collector (HFC) Point 100-1500 150-2000
Note: Concentration ratio is defined as the aperture area divided by the receiver/absorber area of the collector.