The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato
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Transcript of The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato
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The Influence of Musical Context on Tempo Rubato
Timmers, Ashley, Desain, Heijink
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What is Tempo Rubato?Performance =
Composition + Expression + Instrument
Tempo Rubato : “Stolen time” is the variations in the timing of onsets of notes.
Tempo changes occur in relation to phrase structure.
“ notes inegales”
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Tempo RubatoRelation between musical structure and tempo changes :-
Modulations clarifying metrical structure, harmonic structure and phrase final lengthening.
• Tempo Rubato reflects hierarchic depth of a syntactic unit by the amount of slowing at the boundary.
• Sundberg’s model of harmonic distance to the tonic.
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Melody : Variations on an original Theme (Op 21, No 1)
– Brahms.
Melody performed by 3 pianists in different settings:
1. Melody without bar-lines.2. Melody with bar-lines.3. Counter-melody.4. Melody with the Counter-melody.5. Melody with block chords.6. Theme.
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Melody : Variations on an original Theme (Op 21, No 1)
– Brahms
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Mean tempo(BPM) per performer per condition
Condition1
Condition 2
Condition 4
Condition 5
Condition 6
Subject 1 82.7 84.7 75.4 70.1 54
Subject 2 97.5 98 110.5 103.3 87.1
Subject 3 79.5 77.6 67.8 59.9 48.1
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Analysis & ObservationsPerformance-Score matching.Measure variations in IOI as an indication of Tempo Rubato.
Correlation between IOI s of repeated performance > correlation between IOI s of melody in the 6 conditions.Change in timing distribution in the melody with change in context.
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Grand Average Timing Profile
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Performer ConditionAvg Correlation
between repetitions
S1 1mel .864
2mel .756
4mel .834
5mel .859
6mel .788
S2 1mel .890
2mel .793
4mel .888
5mel .850
6mel .882
S3 1mel .546
2mel .750
4mel .741
5mel .713
6mel .836
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Similarity between Performers
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Timing profiles of Conditions 2 and 6 performed by Subjects
2&3
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Diversity of Musical Structure
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Other Factors Affecting tempo Rubato
Level of difficulty of performing the musical piece . ( theme vs melody alone)Area of difficult chords. Tempo selected by performer.Complexity of musical composition.
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Shortcomings &Future Work
Influence of each performer is large; affects correlation.Analysis of musical factors influencing diversity and extent of tempo rubato need to be tested.Study the constraints on expressive performance.