The Industrial Revolution

Explosion of New Technologies!

Northern Economy: +/-Strengths

1. The north had just experienced an Industrial Revolution, and was producing manufactured goods.

2. New methods of transportation that brought goods to and from the manufacturing north.

3. A new, national currency that enabled the north to trade with the south and west.

Weaknesses1. Poor soil, low crop production, few

livestock.

Southern/Western Economy: +/-

Strengths1. Good and rich soil for plantation farming.2. Increased slavery, increased productivity.3. Use of the Mississippi River for

transportation of goods between the north and south economies.

• Weaknesses1. No factories for manufacturing goods.2. Heavy, intense labor needed to run the

plantations smoothly in the south.

Impact of New Technologies & Internal Improvements

Encourages expansion Unifies country Makes travel easier Allows products to move easily

throughout U.S. Improves communication

United States Expansion 1783-1898

Compare the eastern and western states. What observation can you make?

Five Major Technologies/Developments

National Road Erie Canal Interchangeable (pre-manufactured)

Parts Steam Engine Cotton Gin

Traveling west just got easier!

National Road

Turnpikes – National Road Ran from Cumberland, MD to Vandalia, IL

Straighter than previous trails Gravel, with drainage ditches and stone or

wooded bridges First toll roads

1811- Construction of the National Road begins between Cumberland, MD and Vandalia, Il.

1838- National Road opens to the public, tolls are required to help offset construction costs.

Erie Canal – connects Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes

1825- Erie Canal opens a 363-mile waterway that connects the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

ERIE CANAL

Interchangeable Parts -allowed relatively unskilled workers to produce large numbers of weapons quickly and at lower cost, and made repair and replacement of parts infinitely easier.

Colt revolvers were a key tool in promoting westward expansion. Why?

Steam Engine

Newcomen’s Steam Engine

Steamboat

1807- Robert Fulton’s Clermont makes its maiden voyage, 150 miles from New York City to Albany.

Steam Locomotive

1825- First steam locomotive was used to transport goods across different regions of the country.

Cotton Production in the South, 1820–1860

What does the map show regarding cotton production? What do you attribute to this change?

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin

What affect did the cotton gin have?

Two kinds of cotton Short staple(fiber)

Easier to grow Harder to separate

Long staple (fiber) Only grows near

the coast Easy to separate

Cotton gin made separating more efficient for short staple.

Farmers could move farther inland and plant more cotton.

Slave Population 1820 - 1860

Slavery spread southwestward from the upper South and the eastern seaboard following the spread of cotton cultivation.

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1790-1860

YEAR INVENTOR CONTRIBUTION

1793 Eli Whitney Cotton gin

1807 Robert Fulton Steamboat

1813 Richard Chenaworth Cast-iron plow

1830 Peter Cooper Railroad locomotive

1831 Cyrus McCormick Reaper

1836 Samuel Colt Revolver

1837 John Deere Steel plow

1839 Charles Goodyear Vulcanization of rubber

1842 Crawford W. Long First administered ether

1844 Samuel Morse Telegraph

1846 Elias Howe Sewing machine

Industrial RevolutionYou are a travel agent for a major real estate company in St. Louis. To stay in business you need to attract settlers from the East Coast to settle in the West. Please use your imagination and creativity to come up with a marketing campaign/ad to place in the New York Times, a major metropolitan newspaper from out East. The editor needs your ad to contain the following?

Name & picture (or symbol) of the invention/innovation

Name of the inventor (if one is given)

Date of Invention /Technology

Three separate reasons how/why this invention makes living or traveling west easier/more attractive than before

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