The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production,...
-
Upload
elvin-ryan -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production,...
![Page 1: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Industrial Revolution
![Page 2: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Caused by….
• Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population
• Enclosure of common fields displaced farmers who moved to the cities to look for work
![Page 3: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In the beginning…
• The revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780’s
• Changes in the textile industry and transportation lead to an end to Cottage Industry
• Why would these radical changes begin in Britain?
![Page 4: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
James Watt changes the world!
• Invents the steam engine circa 1774
• Running water no longer necessary to build a factory
• Leads to increased urbanization
![Page 5: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Man and Nature
• More people are city dwellers
• Nature seen as something to conquer
• Urban problems of poverty, housing shortages, squalor, sanitation, clean water, and many more, increase
![Page 6: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
New Social Classes
• Industrial working class created (proletariat)
• Had to work 12-16 hour days, 6 days a week, with a ½ hour off for meals
• Taught to respond to the work whistle, not the ebb and flow of nature
![Page 7: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Woes of the Proletariat
• No minimum wage• No job security• No compensation
for injury• No sick days• At odds with the
idea of Natural Rights and that laissez-faire improves society
![Page 8: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Government Intervenes
• When the Napoleonic Wars ended, large land owners feared renewed competition from Europe would decrease the price of their crops
• Parliament passed the Corn Laws, a tariff on imported grain, in 1815
![Page 9: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Impact of the Corn Laws
• As the price of grain products increased, people used all their money on food
• Without extra income, industry went into a recession and workers were laid off
![Page 10: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The People Respond
• On August 16, 1819, 60,000 peaceful protesters met at St. Peter’s Field in Manchester
• A charging Calvary cleared the field in 10 minutes, killing 10 and wounding 400
• Peterloo Massacre
![Page 11: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Do Hungry Citizens Matter?
• While the government hailed the actions at St. Peter’s as a victory for law and order, hungry citizens did make them nervous
• Workers continued their protests• Divisions within the ruling class
became more pronounced• Tory=Conservatives=House of Lords• Whig=Liberal=House of Commons
![Page 12: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reform Act of 1832
• The Commons won an “Enlightened” victory: redistricting, suffrage expanded to middle class, slavery outlawed, and child labor ends
![Page 13: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Let’s Make More Reforms
• 1834—Poor Laws made creating work houses and separating families
• Chartest Movement—attempt to give all men over 21 the vote and a secret ballot
• Calls for general strikes and some riots
• 1846—A scared Parliament repeals the Corn Laws
![Page 14: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
A Second Revolution
• Industry was revolutionized again in the 1870’s
• Inventions include steel, electricity, petroleum and advances in chemistry
![Page 15: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Woes of the Proletariat grow
• Factories can now run 24-hours a day
• Every advancement in industry often leads to a cut in the work force
• 1867—Second Reform Bill provides education, sanitation and doubles suffrage
![Page 16: The Industrial Revolution. Caused by…. Advancements in agriculture led to more food production, and thus a greater population Enclosure of common fields.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649efe5503460f94c1316e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
England’s Era of Reform
• 1871—Trade Union Act gives workers the right to strike
• 1884—Third Reform Bill expands suffrage again
• 1918—Universal male suffrage
• Why does England escape revolution?