The Industrial Revolution

“bigger, better, faster, more!”

Video

Protestant Work Ethic• Max Weber’s The

Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.

• Sometimes called the Puritan work ethic, is a value emphasizing the necessity of constant labor in a person's calling as a sign of personal salvation. Protestants beginning with Martin Luther had reconceptualised work as a duty for the benefit of the individual and society.

Enclosure Movement

The Enclosure Movement took land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village and put it in private hands. This forced MANY farmers off the land and into the cities where they would become the labor force for factories.

Agricultural ImprovementsLeads to a Large Labor Supply

Agricultural improvements

Better food Larger farms

Population increase

Less need for workers

Peasants moveto the cities

More workers available

Enclosure Movement

Machines and sheep

Few jobs available in the country, more in the city

JethroTull’s Seed Drill

In 1700, 80% of the population of England earned its income from the land. A century later, that figure had dropped to 40%.

Threshing machine

The “END” for the peasants! Mwahahahahah

Lord "Turnip" Townshend

4-Field crop rotation, improved fertility and harvest.

It’s really much better than the 3-Field system!

Creation of Financial Markets

•Colonialism expands

•International trade (like the Triangle Trade) to

expand

•Capital ($) to

accumulate

•The need for financial

markets to invest the new

money.

Causing

Causing

Causing

What shall we invest in?

The Rise of the Middle Class

Wealth from trade and colonies

Wealth invested In factories

Religious beliefs (John Wesley)encourage work ethic

Rise of “Bourgeoisie”

Britain had large quantities of coal & iron

Thus England became the "Workshop of the World,"

The Importance of Science

• "Knowledge is power" Francis Bacon

• Scientific knowledge revealed power over nature

• Labor saving devices would liberate mankind

• They would save labor which then could be utilized elsewhere

Resources: Power and Machines

Steam engines

iron

Coal

New machines

Replace animal power

Needed to make enginesNeed to be efficient

Burned to power engines

Scientific Revolution

Colonial Expansion

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Agricultural improvements

New energysources

Wealth fromtrade

Religiousgroups

Populationincrease

Rise of factories & new machines

New tools and crops

Water and coal

Especially the BritishProtestant Work Ethic

More food means healthier people

You now have the needed:

Factors of Production• Land - from Enclosure Movement

• Labor - from farmers leaving farms and from new machines

• Capital - from profits from colonial expansion.

One additional item that helps is a stable government, no one wants to build a factory in a war zone!

Who has the most stable government?

Magna Carta

Bill of Rights

British Parliament

• By 1850, England had become an economic titan. • Its goal was to supply two-thirds of the globe with

cotton spun, dyed, and woven in the industrial centers of northern England.

• England proudly proclaimed itself to be the "Workshop of the World"

English population 1708 & 1911

Chain reaction of Consumerism

DemandsFor goods

rises

Prices fall

More peoplecan afford new goods

Machines producemore efficiently

Supply ofgoods

increases

→

↓

←←

↑Video

Wait till tomorrow to find out the rest of the story…

• “The Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects"