The Industrial Revolution1700-1900

Setting the Scene

In the 1700s, small farms covered most of England. Wealthy landowners were

buying all the small farms. They could make many improvements in farming

techniques with their money, but many people were left without jobs.

This is known as the “agricultural revolution”

Setting the Scene Technology was

changing how goods were made

Small-scale production by hand at home large-scale production by machine in a factory

Industrialization – switch to machine production of goods

ActivityRead the article “Before the Industrial

Revolution”Answer the 10 “Challenges” questionsBe prepared to be called on randomly!

Why Did it Begin in England?

1. Large population

2. Natural resources

3. Expanding economy

4. Political stability

ActivityRead the article “Great Britain: First to

Industrialize”Using this information, answer the two

questions on the back on a separate sheet of paper These will be collected so make sure to put

your name on your answer sheet!

Factors of Production: Land

1. Water power & coal = fuel for machines

2. Iron ore = construct machines, tools, and buildings

3. Rivers = inland transportation

4. Harbors = shipping

Factors of Production: Labor

1. Unemployed farmers needed new jobs

2. People were willing to move to cities to work in factories

Factors of Production: Capital

1. Capital = wealth

2. Business people wanted to invest money

3. Banks gave out loans to businesses

Textiles Change First

Cottage industry: people created goods by hand in their own homes

Making cloth had been a cottage industry

With new technology, cloth is made faster and cheaper in factories

Activity: The Textile IndustryRead the article and answer the

accompanying questionsBe prepared to randomly be called on!

Activity: The Life of a Textile WorkerRead the two personal accounts of life

as a textile workerAnswer the four questions on the

bottom

Improvements in Transportation James Watt’s Steam

Engine Cheap, convenient

power

Water Transportation Steamboats Canal systems

Road Transportation Large rocks on bottom

and small on top – helped drain water

Railroads Revolutionize Life

1. Cheaper way to transport goods

2. Created jobs for railroad workers and miners

3. Made travel easier – people could travel for work

Steam Engine

Comparing Viewpoints Activity In this activity, you will read two different

viewpoints on the impact that industrialization had on society

On a separate sheet of paper, answer the three questions on the bottom

Urban Growth Urbanization: the building of cities and the

movement of people to cities

1850: Population Living in Cities

Activity: Why England? In this activity, we will be analyzing a

number of sources to answer the question “Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England”

For each of the sources, there is an accompanying question. Read through each and answer the question.

Living Conditions in Cities

1. Not enough housing, schools, or police

2. Streets had no drains, garbage piled up

3. Whole families lived in dark, dirty one room “apartments”

4. Disease was widespread

Working Conditions 14 hour work days,

6 days a week Dirty, poorly lit

factories led to injuries

Children as young as 6 work in factories

Many coal miners killed by coal dust

Activity

“Hazardous Duty – Factory Work During the Industrial Revolution”Use the reading to answer the multiple

choice questions

Class Tensions Grow

Middle Class = factory owners, skilled workers, professionals, business people, wealthy farmers New social class Had most of the money Looked down on by the upper class

Working class = factory workers, laborers Poorest group

Reforming SocietyWorkers started getting involved in politicsCreated labor unions

Unions represented all the workers in a particular trade

Engaged in collective bargaining with employers

If employers didn’t agree, workers would strike (refuse to work)

Creating UnionsSkilled workers created the first unions

– harder to replace in workforceWas a very tough process

England – unions/going on strike illegalEventually governments look into the

awful conditions Most obvious were child labor problems

Effects of the RevolutionCreates jobs, enriches nation,

encourages technological progressIncreases production of goods, raises

standard of living, gives people hope of improving their lives

Education expands, clothing becomes cheaper, diet and housing improve

Protecting the RevolutionGreat Britain did not want to share the

secrets of industrializationTo protect these secrets, they

FORBADE engineers, toolmakers, and mechanics from leaving the country

JIGSAW

Writing an EditorialCongratulations! You’ve been promoted

to Editor for the London TimesUsing the information that you gathered

during the jigsaw, you will be writing a editorial arguing whether or not the Industrial Revolution improved life in England and how to fix some of the existing problems

Industrial Revolution ProjectLet’s play tic-tac-toe!For this project you get to choose what

aspects you would like to focus on! You must pick THREE topics – these

can go across, up and down, or diagonally

Evolving Economic Theories

Mercantilism: The Old Theory

Mercantilism: The Old TheoryMain idea: MONEY = POWER

Import (buy from another country) as little as possible

Export (sell to another country) as much as possible

Needed colonies to make this system work

Had been the most popular economy

ACTIVITY1. Read the information sheet about your

theory2. Individually list what you think are the

most important parts of the theory3. With the other students who have

your theory answer these questions (you’re turning these in!):1. How would you summarize your

theory?2. What are advantages to your theory?3. What might be some disadvantages to

your theory?4. After about 15-20 minutes, we will

jigsaw!

Your Opinion

On a sheet on paper, using your notes from today, answer the question below:

Which theory do you think sounds best or worst? Which kind would you want

to use if you could choose? WHY?

Make sure to put your name on your paper!

IT IS BEING COLLECTED!

Let’s Review…

Capitalism (Theory A) Individuals have the right to own

private property and businessesGovernment should protect these

rightsGov’t should stay out of the

economy (laissez-faire) Owner can choose what to make,

how much to make, and what price to sell at

Capitalism (Theory A)

Economy based on competition Prices often lower

Example: when only AT&T carried the iPhone, they could charge whatever they wanted

When Verizon began carrying the iPhone, AT&T had to drop their prices

Items probably of better quality Why buy something that isn’t made

well if you can get a better item somewhere else?

Capitalism (Theory A)Based on supply and demand

Make products based on what and how much buyers want

Gov’t might have to step in if a company creates a monopoly Too much control over one industry =

less competition

Sound Familiar?

Think back to the Enlightenment and Adam Smith!

Socialism (Theory B)Cooperation instead of competitionGovernment controls all means of

productionPicks what to make and how

much to makeSupply and demand doesn’t exist

Socialism (Theory B)A government using socialism

might promise the people:Economic equalityNo more povertyDecent housesGood working conditions

ACTIVITY In your notebook, compare the

similarities and differences between capitalism and socialism

Communism (Theory C)Many similarities with socialismEquality of the people

Not a big difference between rich and poor

The people should control the means of production Government technically owns

everything, but the people run the gov’t, not politicians

Communism (Theory C)Cooperation not competitionPeople’s government decides

what goods to produce and how much

No supply and demand

ACTIVITYCapitalism vs. Communism

Identifying Characteristics Review each of the characteristics

listed on the sheet Place each on in the proper

economic category

Communism (Theory C) Karl Marx- German journalist Fredrich Engels – German, father owns

textile mill The Communist Manifesto

Society is divided into warring classes

Capitalism helps the “haves” (employers/bourgeoisie)

Hurts the “have-nots” (workers/proletariat)

Predict workers will overthrow owners

TIME TO STUDY!