The Indian Ocean‘s role in GHG variability over India Raghu Murtugudde
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The Indian Ocean‘s role in GHG variability over India
Raghu Murtugudde
ESSIC-DAOS, University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
•Can we ignore the Indian Ocean while measuring the Greenhouse Gases over the Indian subcontinent?
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Circulation schematic for Southwest Monsoon
Schott 2004
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Circulation schematic for Northeast Monsoon
Schott 2004
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deep
NL, 2000
November - April
May - Octobernot covered
Moorings
not deployed
WOCE sections, arrays
post WOCE
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Surface drifter currents for both monsoon seasons
•180 WOCE drifters 1992-95
•350 TOGA/ENSO drifters since 1995
•WE CAN USE DRIFTERS TO MEASURE GHG FLUXES FROM THE OCEAN
Courtesy P. Niiler
SEC
SW Monsoon
NE monsoon
SECC
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Net heat (Wm-2) and CO2 (mol/m2/yr) fluxes
over Indian Ocan
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India obviously has its own season of wildfires but what about contributions from other regions even when India’s wildfires are at their minimum?
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The proposed array May not capture the hotspots of interest for GHGs.
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Indian Ocean Zonal mode ensemble pattern Wind stress and SST
It may or may not be a dipole at all but when the
eastern Indian Ocean cools, there are impacts on the
Indian Monsoons.
Courtesy H. Annamalai
Peak (SON)
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Tropical cyclone days for Dec-Apr
Climatological mean of number of cyclone days (contours)difference between deep and shallow mixed layer (shading)
(Xie et al., 2002)