The Importance of the English Language ...

The Importance of The English Language by means of Words of The World Bank.

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The Importance of The English

Language by means of Words of

The World Bank.

Because universities are international institutions, with an openness to faculty and student

flows and to borderless knowledge creation and dissemination, the language of science and

scholarship is of central importance.

For teaching and publishing, the earliest European universities used a common language

Latin. Even at that time, the universities saw themselves as international institutions, serving

students from throughout Europe and often hiring professors from a variety of countries.

Knowledge circulated through the medium of Latin.



Two key tasks in those early years were translating books from Arabic and Greek into Latin

and introducing this knowledge to Europe. Later, as a result of the Protestant Reformation,

national languages began to dominate universities in their home countries, and the

universities became national, rather than international, institutions.

French was a central language of scholarship during the Age of Enlightenment and the

Napoleonic Era. German became a key scientific language with the rise of the research

university in the 19th century, and many of the new scientific journals were published in

German. Following World War II, English slowly gained influence as the major language of

scientific communication with the rise of the U.S. research university and the expansion of

university systems in (a) English-speaking countries such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand,

and the United Kingdom; and (b) former British colonies including India and Pakistan in

South Asia and Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zimbabwe in Africa. In Asia, Hong

Kong and Singapore emerged as academic powerhouses that used English in their

universities.

By the beginning of the 21st century, English had emerged as the nearly universal medium of

scientific communication (Lillis and Curry 2010). Today, universities in non-English-speaking

countries are to varying degrees using English as a language of instruction in certain fields.

For example, in many Arabic-speaking countries, as well as in China and Korea, English is

used as the language of instruction in scientific areas and in professional fields such as

business administration. In Malaysia, which previously had emphasized the use of Bahasa

Malaysia as the language of instruction, English has returned as a major teaching language.

On the European continent, English is used for teaching in fields deemed most globally

relevant and mobile, such as business and engineering.

Most influential academic journals and scientific websites are published in English, and

universities in many parts of the world encourage or even demand that their professors

publish in English-medium journals as evidence of quality scholarship. Many arguments exist

concerning the advisability of this emphasis on the use of English for communication and

academic advancement.



Yet, in fact, English is now the global language of science and scholarship and is likely to

remain dominant for the foreseeable future. Some analysts (Lillis and Curry 2010) have

pointed out that academics worldwide are forced to use the methodologies and paradigms

of the main English-medium journals, which reflect the values of the editors and boards in

the United Kingdom, the United States, and other metropolitan countries.

For authors whose first language is not English, acceptance of their work by these influential

publications is notably more difficult. The top-ranking journals are increasingly selective,

accepting only 5 to 10 percent of submissions, as universities worldwide demand that their

scholars and scientists publish in these journals.

The influence of English on research, teaching, and scholarship in the 21st century is one of

the realities of research universities worldwide, as illustrated by several case studies

presented in this book. In some ways, English is also the language of academic

neocolonialism in the sense that scholars everywhere are under pressure to conform to the

norms and values of the metropolitan academic systems that use English.

END.



From the document: The Road to Academic Excellence - The Making of

World-Class Research Universities.

Human Development - THE WORLD BANK.

Authors (Editors): Philip G. Altbach and Jamil Salmi.

Original title of theme: The Language of Science and Scholarship.

New Title by: M.C. Enrique Ruiz Daz.

Maestro en Ciencias de la Computacin.

Egresado del Instituto Tecnolgico de Orizaba, Ver.,

Mxico.



Invitation: Discover The Assortment for you of M.C. Enrique Ruiz

Daz of Texts of the VOA Special English Program.

Visit my Personal Page. Get ahead. Go to: https://sites.google.com/site/mcenriqueruizdiaz/



Know the Project: Books of English, from English 1 to 5, for all

the CBTIS of the United Mexican States.

The Students can do the organization as they like it; but

absolutely, the Responses are written by hand, and the Works are

Presented by Groups with a Maximum of 5 persons.

I formulated a project for the CBTIS (Technological Industrial and of Services Center of Bachelor

Degree) 107 of Tuxtepec, Oax., Mxico consisting in giving to the Library of this Institution with

five volumes of English language, of my authorship. A book for each semester, from the first

English book to fifth English book (according to the plan of studies in this regard of the CBTIS). At

no cost to the Institution, because this is a donation (in the staff, I solve my expenses of the

project with income of my employment as a professor that I would be in this CBTIS).

One of the major advantages of this project is to solve the need of the student of spending in

books of English language because the books will be at your complete disposal into the student

community in the Library of the institution.

Afterward, in an immediate subsequent phase of this project is that among the student

community of this CBTIS and all the CBTIS of the United Mexican States will have these 5 volumes

of English language by means of a page of Google; read it, neither cost nor restriction to obtain

them.

Well, as a last note, I must say that these books will have the format of 'workbook'. This, as an

intelligent work with foundations and then their respective exercises to resolve, into a concurrent

process. M.C. Enrique Ruiz Daz.

Con ttulo y cdula profesional 5632071 en la Maestra en Ciencias de la Computacin.

Egresado del Instituto Tecnolgico de Orizaba, Veracruz, Mxico.



Invitation to my Personal Pages.

Education is our passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to the people

who prepare for it today .

Malcolm X.

Visit: https://sites.google.com/site/mcenriqueruizdiaz/ Also: http://sites.google.com/site/enriqueruizdiaz/

Get Instruments for your Training.



Mi Diploma por mi Ponencia en el Instituto Politcnico Nacional,

Mxico, D.F. 2007. Durante mis estudios de Maestra.

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