• The impacts of global warming are likely to be "severe,

pervasive and irreversible", a major report by the UN has

warned in March 31, 2014.

• Some impacts of climate change include a higher risk of

flooding and changes to crop yields and water availability.

• “Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

between 2012 and 2013 grew at their fastest rate since 1984.

• The current rate of Ocean acidification is unprecedented over

the last 300 million years.” - The World Meteorological

Organisation (WMO) in September 2014

"Nobody on this planet is going to be untouched by the impacts

of climate change,'' IPCC chairman Rajendra Pachauri

• 80 percent of Caribbean tourism product is nature-based.

• In 2009, a study conducted by Deloitte Consulting found that 90 percent of business travelers look to “green” while away.

• In the US, 40 percent of travelers seek an environmentally responsible hotel or resort.

• Kuoni (2012) reports that for more than 25 percent of travelers, ‘sustainability’ is among the top three influencing factors when booking vacations.

• In 2013, TripAdvisor reported that over 70 percent of travelers and tourists would make environmentally responsible vacation choices - Ryan Peterson, PhD Professor of Innovation

Economics and Research Chair ,University of Aruba.

Energy Policy and Sector Analysis in the Caribbean

(2010 – 2011), stated that the

“Caribbean islands have the potential to lead the world to a new

energy future.”

However, it also recognized that use of fossil fuels would remain

significant over the long term because all islands were signatories to

the Petro Caribe Accord, under which Venezuela supplies oil to them

on concessionary terms.

• Renewable energy generated under the prevailing state-of the- art technology

is unlikely to reduce our electricity bills below the current electricity rates,

without energy conservation.- Winston Hay, author of Energy Cost and Our Economic Future: Can

Jamaica Reduce Electricity Costs? in the Mona Business School (MSB) Business Review, Nov/Dec 2011

• Compliance with modern energy codes, for instance, permit energy usage to be

reduced by as much as 30 percent without use of renewable energy.

• Energy efficiency and conservation will also reduce the need

for increased generating capacity allowing reduction of the

costs associated with supply and installation of power plants.

“An idea that embodies people addressing their special needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own..”

GOING GREEN

“Green” refers to practices which take into account

positive Environmental Impacts on various

ecosystems.

As it pertains to buildings it responds to efficient

interior environments and design which adheres to

energy consumption, resources, water, materials,

waste management systems efficiently.

But is going “green” simply the answer???!

“An idea that embodies people addressing their special needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own..”

SUSTAINABILITY

“An idea that embodies people addressing their special needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own..”

“Sustainability” refers conditions which meets the needs of present generations without compromising the needs of future generations.

Achieving a balance among extraction and renewal and environmental inputs

and outputs, as to cause no

overall net environmental burden

or deficit.

Environmental Sustainability

Economic Sustainability

Social Sustainability

PARADIGM OF SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DEVELOPENT

THEORY BY KAHN. M

United Nations Earth Summit policy (Rio de Janeiro) formulation – Agenda 21 with more than 100 nations participated. Commission on

Sustainable Development to follow up on implementation of Agenda 21

The United Nation Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm delineate the “rights” of the human family to a healthy and productive environment

48th Plenary of the General Assembly approval of the World Charter for Nature

1972 1980 1982 1983 1992 2002 2009

UN General Assembly adopted a resolution to hold Rio+20 in 2012. Seeking to renew political commitment to Sustainable Development.

First Environmental Building Assessment Method created – BREEAM, UK.

The International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources published World Conservation Strategy

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)

World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg convened to renew the Global commitment to Sustainable Development

How do we truly measure or

determine Sustainability ?

Environmental, Economical, Social and

Cultural issues can only be

evaluated on a ‘feature specific’

basis where points are awarded for

the presence or absence of

desirable features…meaning

developing or utilizing of

Rating systems or Assessment tools

1. Reverse Contribution to Global Climate Change

2. Enhance Individual Human Health and Well-Being

3. Protect and Restore Water Resources

4. Protect, Enhance, and Restore Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

5. Promote Sustainable and Regenerative Material Resources Cycles

6. Build a Greener Economy

7. Enhance Social Equity, Environmental Justice, and Community Quality of Life

Most Popular Rating System Globally

BREEAM (country of origin: United Kingdom)

CASBEE (country of origin: Japan)

Green Building Index (country of origin: Malaysia)

Green Globes (country of origin: Canada)

Green Mark (country of origin: Singapore)

Green Star (country of origin: Australia)

LEED (country of origin: United States)

Location and Transport

1. LEED for Neighborhood Development

Location

2. Sensitive Land Protection

3. High Priority Site

4. Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses

5. Access to Quality Transit

6. Bicycle Facilities

7. Reduce Parking Footprint

8. Green Vehicle

Sustainable Sites

1. Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

2. Environmental Site Assessment

3. Site Assessment

4. Site Development and Protect or Restore Habitat

5. Open Space

6. Rainwater Management

7. Heat Island Reduction

8. Light Pollution Reduction

9. Site Master Plan

10. Tenant Design and Construction

11. Place of Respite

12. Direct Exterior Access

13. Joint Use of Faculties

Water Efficiency

1. Outdoor Water Use Reduction

2. Indoor Water Use Reduction

3. Building-Level Water Metering

4. Outdoor Water Use Reduction

5. Indoor Water Use Reduction

6. Cooling Tower Water Use

7. Water Metering

Energy and Atmosphere

1. Fundamental Commissioning & Verification

2. Minimum Energy Performance

3. Building Level Energy Metering

4. Fundamental Refrigerant Management

5. Enhanced Commissioning

6. Optimized Energy Performance

7. Advanced Energy Metering

8. Demand Response

9. Renewable Energy Production

10. Enhanced Refrigerant Management

11. Green Power and Carbon Offsets

Indoor Enviromental Quality

1. Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance

2. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control

3. Minimum Acoustic Performance

4. Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies

5. Low Emitting Materials

6. Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan

7. Indoor Air Quality Assessment

8. Thermal Comfort

9. Interior Lighting

10. Daylight

11. Quality Views

12. Acoustic Performance

Material and Resources

1. Storage and Collection of Recyclables

2. Construction Demolition Waste Management Planning

3. PBT Source Reduction

4. Building Life- Cycle Impact Reduction

5. Building Product Disclosure & Optimization – Environmental Product Declarations

6. Building Product Disclosure & Optimization – Sourcing of Raw Materials

7. Building Product Disclosure & Optimization –Material ingredients

8. PBT Source Reduction – Mercury

9. Furniture and Medical Furnishing

10. Design for Flexibility

11. Construction and Demolition Waste Management

1. O.E.C.S . and more specifically the Antiguan and Barbuda’s Building Code (Government sanctioned document) .

2. Central Board of Health regulations.

3. National Parks Regulations .

4. Environmental Division Regulations.

5. Antigua and Barbuda Investment Authority development guidelines.

6. National Energy Policy.

7. Antigua Public Utility Authority regulations and guidelines for Water and Power.

8. Government of Antigua and Barbuda’s Millennium Development Goals.

9. New Environmental Management and Protection Bill.

Creating a SIDS Green Building Council – to promote, consult, award the attainment of actual Green Buildings and general Sustainability within the contextual Building Environment.

Private Sector

Stakeholders

Public Sector

Stakeholders

Proposed

Approach

Development of a

Contextual Green Rating

System

Normalize Sustainable

Practices, administered by a

Green Building Council

Research &

Consultations

• Discovery: This is the most important phase of the integrative process; it can be thought of as an extensive expansion of what is conventionally called “Pre-Design.” It is unlikely that a project’s environmental goals will be achieved cost-effectively if this phase is not rigorously engaged as a discreet phase of the design process. Discovery work needs to be accomplished before “putting pencil to paper” . . . in other words, before schematic design begins.

• Design and Construction (Implementation): This phase begins with what is conventionally called “Schematic Design”. It resembles conventional practice in its structure, but integrates all of the work and collective understanding of system interactions reached during the Discovery Phase.

• Occupancy, Operations, and Performance Feedback: This third stage focuses on implementing performance measurement and creating performance feedback mechanisms. Such feedback is critical for informing building operations, so the degree to which established performance targets have been met can be assessed and so corrective actions can be taken.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) - NBS National BIM

Library

‘GREEN PROJECT MANAGEMENT’

Andrew Goodenough Architect

Office

English Habour

Antigua

• To achieve the GBCA Green 5 Star and 6 Star ratings, an extra construction cost of 4% and 10% are needed respectively. The cost savings during the operation and maintenance stages will help to offset the upfront cost required for green building features.

• University of Hawaii, has recently reported that it saved $3.4 million in 2014 alone based on its efforts at reducing energy usage through its LEED certified buildings

• In terms of health care costs, building retrofits which improved the indoor environment of a building resulted in reductions of: communicable respiratory diseases of 9.20% ; allergies and asthma of 18.25% ; and nonspecific health and discomfort effects of 20.50%.

• Global green building market grew in 2013 to $260 billion, including an estimated 20 percent of all new U.S. commercial real estate construction. This trend is expected to intensify in the coming years, both in the US and internationally.

• Commercial building owners and managers will invest an estimated $960 billion globally between now and 2023 on greening their existing built infrastructure.

• A recently published global survey of construction firms found that 63% of construction firms had new green commercial projects planned between 2013 and 2015. 45% have plans for new green institutional projects, and 50% have plans for green renovation work.

• As it speaks to the value of said properties and resale value, in a recent Nielsen global survey 2014, on corporate social responsibility, more than half (55%) said they are willing to pay extra for products and services produced or offered from companies that are committed to positive social and environmental impact—an increase from 50 percent in 2012 and 45 percent in 2011.

• Owners of green buildings reported that their ROI improved by 19.2% on average for existing building green projects and 9.9% on average for new projects

• The U.S. Green Building Council(USGBC) announced Feb 6, 2015 that Fannie Mae will reward multifamily properties with a green building certification, such as LEED, with a lower interest rate.

• The Rockefeller Brothers Fund is part of a 50-group coalition that announced plans 22 September 2014 to begin selling off assets tied to fossil fuels and invest in alternative energy.

• Every Apple Store in the U.S., UK, Germany, Australia, Italy, and Spain is powered by energy from renewable sources, according to Apple's latest environmental responsibility report. That number is up three fold from the 120 U.S.-only outlets that had already converted to renewable energy last April.

• Tesla launched a home battery that charges on solar power.

Colin John Jenkins, ARCHITECT, M.S.P.M, LEED Green Associate.

Contact Info:

Tel- 268 724 0873, Email- colinjjenkins@gmail.com