THE IMPACT OF PARKING PRICING AND TRANSIT FARES … · 2 . Overview Problem statement Current...
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THE IMPACT OF PARKING PRICING AND TRANSIT FARES ON MODE
CHOICE TO A MAJOR UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
Brian Cavagnolo, Frank Proulx, Mariana Torres-Montoya Presentation at 93rd Annual TRB Meeting January 14th, 2014
CP 218- Department of City and Regional Planning 1
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Overview
Problem statement Current scenario Data set characteristics Model Development Policy Scenario Tests Limitations Conclusions
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Problem Statement 3
How will parking pricing and transit fare subsidies impact mode share of UC Berkeley commuters?
Developed Mode & Parking Choice Model for UC Berkeley commuters
Tested pricing policy scenarios
Survey Model Policy Analysis
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The Current Scenario 4
Bike 12%
Drive Alone 14%
Carpool 3%
Transit 24%
Walk 47%
Mode Shares
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The Current Scenario 5
UC Lot 81%
(5945) City Facilities
15% (1066)
Other 4%
(280)
Parking Choices
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Dataset Characteristics
Online survey of UC Berkeley affiliates Population = 50,300; ~10% response rate
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Drive-Alone Faculty Household Distribution Drive-Alone Staff Household Distribution
35% of drive-alone staff households in our sample are within 1 mile of a BART station.
25% of drive-alone faculty households in our sample are within 1 mile of a BART station.
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Model Development and Assumptions
All trips to campus end at the West Gate
Most frequent mode is linked to most frequent arrival time
Transit riders always choose the fastest trip
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Models Tested 8
Carpool Transit Active
Bike Walk
Drive Alone UC
RPP
On-Street Non-RPP
Private Lot
City Garage Meter
Other
UC
RPP
On-Street Non-RPP
Private Lot
Meter
Other
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Models Tested 9
Carpool Transit Active
Bike Walk
Drive Alone UC
RPP
On-Street Non-RPP
Private Lot
City Garage Meter
Other
UC
RPP
On-Street Non-RPP
Private Lot
Meter
Other
𝜆𝜆 = 0.769 𝜆𝜆 = 0.214 𝜆𝜆 = 0.116
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Findings 10
Commuters are more likely to drive if: > 70 yrs. Old (~1%) Live in hills surrounding campus
Females are less likely to bike
In general, campus commuters:
Favor walking, biking, and transit over carpool and driving Prefer driving alone to carpooling
Image: Wikimedia Commons
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Policy Scenario Tests 11
Tests: Parking Restrictions
Transit Subsidies
Composite Scenarios
15%
14%
25%
42%
3% Baseline Scenario
Bike Drive Alone Transit Walk Carpool
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Parking Restrictions 12
Scenario DescriptionNet Cost to U.C. (millions)*
Drive Share Change
Increase U.C. Permit Prices by 10% ($0.5) -0.2%Double U.C. Permit Prices ($4.4) -1.8%Price RPP as meters; double all parking prices
$5.6 -4.0%
Travel Time Tiered Permit Structure $0.8 -1.2%
Income Tiered Permit Structure $0.6 -0.9%Larger Student Permit Exclusion Zone
$0.7 -1.2%
Parking restrictions
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Transit Subsidies 13
Scenario DescriptionNet Cost to U.C. (millions)*
Drive Share Change
100% BART subsidy $9.9 -1.1%
10% transit subsidy $1.6 -0.3%
100% transit subsidy $19.9 -2.8%
Transit subsidies
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Composite Scenarios
Scenario Description Net Cost to U.C. (millions)
Drive Share
Change Composite scenarios
U.C. Permit Price 50%; 25% Transit subsidy
$1.9 -1.6%
Double parking prices, 100% Transit subsidy
$18.3 -5.2%
Break even $0 -2.5%
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15%
12%
27%
43%
2%
Preferred Scenario
Bike Drive Alone Transit Walk Carpool
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Limitations
Survey design
No parking supply model
Novel modes?
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Bay Area Bike Share
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Conclusions
Mode choice analyses could inform TDM strategies
Limitations to reducing drive-alone share
Parking price increases should be paired with transit subsidies
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Brian Cavagnolo, Frank Proulx, Mariana Torres-Montoya
CP 218- Department of City and Regional Planning 17
THE IMPACT OF PARKING PRICING AND TRANSIT FARES ON MODE
CHOICE IN BERKELEY, CA
City Planning 218 Final Presentation May 1, 2013