The impact of large-scale agricultural investments on the … · 2017. 4. 13. · Nkanyiso Gumede...
Transcript of The impact of large-scale agricultural investments on the … · 2017. 4. 13. · Nkanyiso Gumede...
The impact of large-scale agricultural investments on the livelihoods and
land rights of the people in the communal areas of South Africa
NkanyisoGumedePLAAS
Background & Context • Large-scaleland-basedinvestments
– Intensi<iedafterfood,fueland<inancialcrisis2007–2008(Halletal.2015)
• 70percent–Africa!– World’slastreserveofunusedandunder-utilisedfertileandirrigablefarmland(Deiningeretal.2011;WorldBank2009).
– Poorprotectionoflandrights• Drivers
Governments;transnationalcompanies;domesticcompanies;different<inancialinstrumentssuchas–hedgefunds,pensionfunds,etc.
Background & Context • Impact(differentiated)– Changeinagro-foodsystemsandfoodconsumption–ZambiaandMozambique(JoalaandZamchiya,2016)
– Politicalcon<licts(Franco2014).– Displacementsfromland–Malawi&Zambia,(Hall,2015)
South Africa context • Peopleinthecommunalareasrelylessonagricultureaslivelihood,butmoreonsocialgrantsandothernon-farmlivelihoods.
• 95%offoodsoldatretailersisproducedbylarge-scalecommercialfarmingenterprises.
• Youngpeoplelessinvolvedinagriculturecomparedtoadults.
Objectives • Understandingcharacteroflarge-scaleagriculturalinvestmentsinthecommunalareasofSouthAfrica– Investors?Accessland?Promisedbene<its?etc.
• Understandingtheimpactoflarge-scaleinvestmentsonthelandrightsandlivelihoodsofsmallholderfarmers.
Methodology • Extensiveresearchmethod
–Householdsurvey• Intensiveresearchmethod– Keyinformantinterviews– Semi-structuredinterviews– Focusgroupdiscussions– Observations– Resourcemappings
LAMBASI MAIZE PROJECT
LAMBASI MAIZE PROJECT • EasternCapeprovince(LambasiVillage)• Traditionalleadership(Contested)• Strategicpartner–ZimeleFund(Anglo-American)2014• Consultation–Chiefandcommunity• Agreement
– Farmersreleaselandtothestrategicpartner– Promisedbene<its–Farmers
• Dividends–Cash;Dividendsinkind–15bagsofmaize;Landusefee;Jobs&transferofskills
• Bene<iciaries–350households-Project(900ha)• Investmentvalue[R14m=US$1m]for5years• Implementingagent–Technoserve
LAMBASI MAIZE PROJECT • Pro<itsharingagreement
– 6%loanpaidtoAngloperproductioncycle– Remainderpaidtobene<iciariesaftercostsdeductionwhichincludeTechnoserveimplementationfeeandalloperationalcosts
• Commodity-Maize&Beans–2014to2016• Results–Onlylandusefee(R700)paidandone50kgbagof
maizeperhectare(2014/15&2015/16)• Jobs–few,shorttermjobs(lowpaying)andskills?• Lossofaccessandcontroloverarableland,andothernatural
resources(thatchgrass,edibleweed,etc)• Response–growingdissatisfaction
STRYDKRAAL IRRIGATION SCHEME
STRYDKRAAL IRRIGATION SCHEME • Limpopoprovince(StrydkraalVillage)• Traditionalleadership• Consultation–Chiefandcommunity• InvestmentR24m(US$1.8m)–Gov.–2007• Agreement
– Jointventurepartnership– Farmersreleasedland,waterandinfrastructuretothestrategicpartner[Landarea370hectares&Irrigationsystem]
– Promisedbene<its-Farmers• Dividends;Jobs&transferofskills
STRYDKRAAL IRRIGATION SCHEME • Bene<iciaries–260households• Crops–Maize;beans;wheat,butternut,peanuts,etc• Strategicpartnership
– MrCraighton2007–2014[50%:50%]– MrBotha–2014todate[60%Botha:40%Bene<iciaries]
• Results– Dividends-MrCraightonpaidR5000(US$370)tobene<iciaries
–BothapaidlessR3000(US$222)– Response-con<lictanddivision
• Jobs–few,shorttermjobs(lowpaying)andskills?• Lossofaccessandcontroloverarableland
Conclusion • Large-scaleagriculturalinvestmentsaretakingplaceinthecommunalareas,andaredrivenbydifferentactors.
• Exclusionofelectedleadershipontheconsultationandduringtheinvestmentdeal.
• Farmers’representatives–lacktransparencyandaccountability;Centralizedecisionmakingprocesses.
• Promisedbene<itsmaterializeminimally.• Landrightstoarableandcommonresourcearethreatened.
Recommendations • Involveelectedleadership(consultationandnegotiations)
• Empowerfarmerrepresentativesforbetterrepresentationofthefarmers,andimprovedaccountabilitytothefarmers
• Createpropermonitoringandevaluationmechanismstoensuretransferofpromisedbene<its
• Leavesomelandforsubsistenceproduction• Trainlocalsontheuseoftechnology• Involvefarmersonthemanagementoftheenterprise.
Thankyou!