THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.
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Transcript of THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.
![Page 1: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
Mark Mon-Williams
DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS
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Sine qua non
…our ability to form mental representations about things that are remote in time and space…
Symbolic representationComplex advance planningMusic makingThe propensity for decorative artsThe ability to shape artefacts according to a mental templateLanguage
Wilson 2010
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Culture
The sum of attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Culture is transmitted, through language, material objects, ritual, institutions, and art, from one generation to the next
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Tools
A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process. Informally the word ‘tool’ is used to describe a procedure or process with a specific purpose. Tool use by humans dates back millions of years…
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The ultimate tool
An instrument that represents many instruments, Aristotle
What we are admiring in the multitude of actions of the human hand is cerebral perfection, Jones
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Embodied cognition
The embodied mind thesis holds that the nature of the human mind is largely determined by the form of the human body.
Philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and artificial intelligence researchers who study embodied cognition and the embodied mind argue that all aspects of cognition are shaped by aspects of the body
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Interception predicts maths
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Cognitive tools
Cognitive tools are generalizable tools that are intended to engage and facilitate cognitive processing… they can be thought of as a set of tools that learners need in order to serve cognitive apprenticeships… they scaffold the foundations of knowledge construction…
Cognitive tools help learners with complex learning activities. These tools are learner controlled in the sense that they construct their knowledge themselves rather than memorizing knowledge…
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Reading skills
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Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 11: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 12: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 13: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 14: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 15: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 16: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 17: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 18: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 19: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 20: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 21: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 22: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 23: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 24: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 25: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 26: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 27: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 28: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 29: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 30: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 31: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 32: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 33: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 34: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 35: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 36: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 37: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 38: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Reading tools
There was an old lady from Bath
Who waved to her son down the path;
He opened the gates,
And bumped into his mates.
Who were Gerry, and Simon, and/ Garth./
![Page 39: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Writing skills
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Global writing in AD1492
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Feedback learning model
S
Inverse model
FeedbackController Effector Trajectory
errorfeedbackmotorcommand
motorcommand
feedforwardmotorcommand
Desired trajectory
S
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Cognitive retooling
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Adults (n = 69) Children (n = 140)
Error(mm)
Kuwaiti
English
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Maths skills
![Page 44: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Spatial Number Association Response Code
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
START
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Spatial Number Association Response Code
100
START
8
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Spatial Number Association Response Code
100
START
8
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Spatial Number Association Response Code
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 010
START
![Page 48: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Spatial Number Association Response Code
100
START
2
![Page 49: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Spatial Number Association Response Code
100
START
9
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Spatial Number Association Response Code
100
START
7
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Spatial Number Association Response Code
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 010
START
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
![Page 52: THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Mark Mon-Williams DEVELOPING COGNITIVE TOOLS.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062715/56649db65503460f94aa8012/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Tools
Western Reversed Mixed Western
Mixed Reversed
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Western Reversed Mixed Western
Mixed Reversed
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Reaction time (s)
Reaction time (s)
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Cultural bias
PERSON
MICRO
MESO
EXO
MACRO
CULTURE
POLITICS
FAMILY
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Hill et al (2010, 2011)
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Many thanks
to the Shine Partnership and all of the children
John Wright; Amanda Waterman; Liz Andrews; Oscar Giles; Rebecca Sheridan; Katy Shire; Ed Berry; Liam Hill; Katie Mooney; Joyti Panesar; Sara Recalde; Nick Preston