The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow...
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Transcript of The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow...
![Page 1: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Immune System
Widely dispersed system
Review of structure and function
located in marrow cavities of bones
yellow vs. red marrow
hematopoiesis
bone marrow
![Page 2: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Immune System
Review of structure and function
location
consists of lymphocytes and macrophages
“gives” immunocompetence to T lymphocytes via thymosins
thymus gland
![Page 3: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Immune System
location
red vs. white pulp
functions
spleen
Review of structure and function
![Page 4: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Immune System
locations
structure
function
lymph nodes
Review of structure and function
![Page 5: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Immune System
locations
functions
tonsils
Review of structure and function
![Page 6: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Immune System
What is immunity?
origin and immunocompetence
T cells (cancer cells, transplants, bacteria, virus-laden cells)
lymphocytes and plasma cells
Review of structure and function
cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
suppressor T cells
memory T cells
B cells (viruses, bacteria)
plasma cells
memory B cells
![Page 7: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Immune System
locations
primary immune response
secondary (anamnestic) response
lymphocytes and plasma cells
Review of structure and function
![Page 8: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Age-related changes in the
immune system All lymphoid tissues decreases in mass and efficiency with age
Bone marrow
Thymus gland puberty to 50, lose 90% of mass
loss of size = loss of thymosins
new T cell immunocompetence decreases
![Page 9: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Age-related changes in the
immune system B cells no decline with age
decreased responsiveness to antigens
by 70, 85% reduction in antibody production
B cell changes may be result of decreased helper T cell numbers
![Page 10: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Age-related changes in the
immune system Spleen
Lymph nodes
Tonsils reach maximum size at 12
palatine tonsils decrease gradually; pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) atrophies completely
unclear about functional losses
![Page 11: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
decrease in precursor cells
decreased differentiation into T- and B-cells
increased suppressor T-cells
increased factors that inhibit immunity (?)
Age-related dysfunctions in the
immune system General decrease in immune responses decreased immune sensitivity
increased autoimmunity
causes
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Age-related dysfunctions in the
immune system Age-associated T-lymphocyte defects T-cell numbers decrease with age
diseases normally held in check by T-cells are allowed to appear
immunosuppressive treatment has same effect
![Page 13: The Immune System u Widely dispersed system u Review of structure and function F located in marrow cavities of bones F yellow vs. red marrow F hematopoiesis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072013/56649e445503460f94b38e56/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Age-related dysfunctions in the
immune system Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HIV infects helper T-cells (CD4 cells), ultimately killing them
alters ratio between helper T-cells and suppressor T-cells
normal ratio is 2:1
at ratio of 1:1 AIDS symptoms begin to appear
at ratio of 0.5:1, full-blown disease
Lymphomas
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Take home messages about immunity
decreased lymphoid tissue body-wide
general decline in immunity
decreased T cell number
decreased B cell activity
increased incidences of autoimmune responses