The identity

of an innovator

@TrilceNavarrete

Karol J. Borowiecki

Identity matters – Amsterdam 14-15 April 2016

The RICHES Consortium

Coventry Rotary Quadracycle (1886)

What conditions induce/inhibit innovation?

Key results:- Innovators are connected and share.- Technical know-how is of essence. - Having a clear vision / plan helps (reflects maturity).- Everybody has a uniqueness / can learn from others.- The environment does not always help.

The invention can be: new idea, new product / service, new process / practice.

Detail from the Ghent Alterpiece (1432) by Jan van Eyck

Innovation is the process of turning a new idea into something deemed useful.

Functional or impact intellectual and sensory performance (soft innovation).

L’Orfeo (1609) Claudio Monteverdi

Technology can introduce novelty.

Innovation is fuelled by the exchange of creative ideas.

Cultural heritage is a gold mine of (past) creative ideas.

Glasgow Museum of Transport (2011) Zaha Hadid

We analyzed 1,148 institutions from 35 European countries.

3 models with controls for type of institution (e.g. budget), sector (GLAMs),and country resulting in relationships that explain innovation.

Correlated a number of variables at micro, meso and macro level.

What conditions induce / inhibit innovation in EU heritage institutions?

Core Survey II (2013) ENUMERATE

Core Survey II (2013) ENUMERATE

Can You See Me Now? (2001) Blast Theory

Countries with greater wealth, larger population digitize less.

Countries with higher education digitize more.

Institutions have digitized 17.3% of their collections / 7% is available online.

Wealthier institutions digitize more, though at decreasing rate (= not all digital)

Larger institutions digitize less (= less flexible)

Museums digitize 11.5% more than libraries and archives.

In other words…

Viking Shoppers ASCII (1999) Gibson Martelli

Key is Digitization policy > Access policy > Sustainability policy (= 6.3-6.8%)

But not required (= incidental funds? due to policy /funding/formality?)

Incidental funds /lack of know-how inhibit the development of a policy.

Specialized staff decrease the cost of digitization and increases production.

Metabotics (2016) Jaime del Val and Marije Baalman

Countries with higher use of Internet have higher publication online.

Collections online can be used for a number of users / uses:

Academic researchers / creative reusers / students-teachers /

Personal / commemoration / preservation / commercial

Institutions that value creative reuse digitize more (= understand innovation!)

EU Internet users 75% / mobile broadband access 64% in 2014.

Kinetic Petals Dress 1 (2016) Nervous System

Innovators have goals (policy) + share ideas (part of network online).

Conclusions

Innovators have slack (= resources to cover costs + a bit more).

Innovators have technical know-how and high Internet access.

Pixel (2014) Adrien Mondot and Claire Bardainne

Karol J. Borowiecki (kjb@sam.sdu.dk) University of Southern Denmark. Thank you !Trilce Navarrete (trilce.navarrete@gmail.com) University of Southern Denmark.

Paper available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2016.1164488.

The Internet sensus of 2012

Inspiration from creative ideas:

Acs, et al. (2009), Bakhshi and Throsby (2014), Baumol (1968), Castañer and Campos (2002), Castañner (2016), Caves (2002), Feldman (1999),

Navarrete and Borowiecki (2015), NESTA (2009), Rogers (1995), Saracevic, Tefko (2000), Schumpeter (1942), Stoneman (2011),

Stroeker and Vogels (2014), Wolfl (1998).