The human problem on Earth
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Transcript of The human problem on Earth
The human problem on Earth
Anne Marie Chomat
BCG
StreptomycinSulfa
Vaccine
PCN
VaccinePCN
United States
“Biomedical interventions” vs. “The environment”
Significant variation WITHIN countries
Significant variation BETWEEN countries
HDR 2005
Achieving the MDGs ???
State of the world’s health
• 1/2 million/yr women die from pregnancy/childbirth (hemorrhage > infection > other causes)
• Child mortality = 9.2 million/yr (1/2 due to diarrheal illness, 2/3 from underlying malnutrition)
• 195 million children < 5 are stunted (1/3 developing world children)
• 1 billion people undernourished
• Malnutrition responsible for >36 million deaths/yr
• 0.8 billion without clean water access
• 2.5 billion without sanitation
• Land degradation, deforestation, falling water table levels, climate change, risk of decreasing crop productivity
UNICEF 2009FAO 2009
WHO 2009Von Glebmer 2010
Risk to cyclones, floods, earthquakes, landslides
Threat to human water security and biodiversity
Loss of annual net primary productivity 1991-2003Child Mortality
Prevalence of undernourished
Prevalence of people without sanitation
Poverty
Poor humanhealth
Poor environment
alhealth
Health solutions & unintended consequences
Malnutrition in Guatemala
Poor governan
ce
Fuel insecurity
Erosion
Malnutrition
Poor agricultur
e yields
Heavy rains
Flooding
Poor sanitation
Food insecurity
Land Overuse
Poverty
High fertility rate
Climate change
Droughts
↑morbidity
↑mortality
Free Market / Global Economy
Infections
↑ food/fuel
prices
Export/Import
pressures
↑cash crops
Altered livelihoods
↓subsistence
agriculture
Indigenous
ethnicity
Overpopulation
No education
Poor health care access
Difficult travel/transp
ort
Economic security
Water security
FarmingProduction
costsYields
Social capitalCommunity
cohesion
Physical securitySocial support
KnowledgeFood security
Nutrition status
New exposures to infectious diseases
Sanitation
VulnerabilitySusceptibility to illness/infection
Population pressures
LivelihoodsAccess to resources
ClimateEnvironment
GlobalizationLocal
economics
Health
Underlying health/illnessSocial determinants of
health(wealth, education, gender, age,
ethnicity, rural/urban)
Local governanceLocal resources
Local infrastructure
Determinants of health