The Human Muscular System

How many Muscles????

• There are over 650 muscles in the human body.

• We have 43 different muscles just in our face!

What are muscles made of?

• Muscles are composed of hundreds of small muscle fibres.

• They all contain two types of protein filaments called actin and myosin that slide past each other to help move your muscles

Three types of muscles

• The human body contains three different types of muscles:

• Smooth muscle• Cardiac muscle• Skeletal muscle

Smooth Muscle

• Smooth muscle can be found in your organs , skin and blood vessels.

• It is an involuntary muscle which means it is controlled by your autonomic nervous system

Cardiac Muscle

• Cardiac muscle can only be found in your heart and it is also an involuntary muscle.

• Cardiac muscles are contracting every minute of every day of our lives!

Skeletal Muscles

• Skeletal muscles are also known as striated muscles because the fibres look stripped.

• Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles which means you control their movement.

Skeletal Muscles

• Skeletal muscles are what allow you to move your skeleton.

• Muscles work in pairs. One muscle will flex a joint while the other muscle will extend the joint.

• A muscle will shorten when it flexes and lengthen when it extends

Muscles in Groups

• We are going to study most of the muscles in groups because there are too many for us to learn each name!

• The following slides will identify the muscle groups you need to know and where they are.

Trapezius

Latissimus Dosrsi

Triceps

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings

Gastrocnemius

Deltoid

Pectorals

Biceps

Abdominals

Quadriceps

Injuries to the Muscles

• Just like our skeletal system, sometimes we may injure our muscles.

Muscle Strains

• Tears are often called pulled or strained muscles.

• The degree of the injury will determine treatment and recovery time.

Categories of Muscle Strains

• GRADE 1 STRAINThere is damage to individual muscle fibres (less than 5% of fibres). This is a mild strain which requires 2 to 3 weeks rest.

• GRADE 2 STRAINThere is more extensive damage, with more muscle fibres involved, but the muscle is not completely ruptured. The rest period required is usually between 3 and 6 weeks.

• GRADE 3 STRAINThis is a complete rupture of a muscle. In a sports person this will usually require surgery to repair the muscle. The rehabilitation time is around 3 months.

How to treat muscle injuries

• Follow the PRICE protocol:

• Protection of the injured area

• Rest

• Ice

• Compression

• Elevation

Body Building

• Many people work very hard to build their muscles.

• They use various exercises to build strength and muscle mass.

• This is a common practice with many men and women today, and many compete in contests.

Too much??

• Perhaps some people take the art of bodybuilding a little too far?

How much is too much?