The Human Body

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

4th Grade Science

EQ:

What is the circulatory system?

Circulatory K-W-LKnow Want to Know Learned

What is the circulatory system?

• “circ” means “to go around”

The circulatory system is the body system that transports blood around the body.

Who Am I?

• African-American doctor

• Discovered that by removing the solid cells in blood, keeping only the plasma, the blood could be stored for a long time

• Established the first blood bank in New York City

• Saved thousands of lives during WWII

EQ:

What are the 4 main parts of the blood?

Blood Key Termsantibodies – proteins that attack invading germs

circulatory system – the system that carries blood around the body

coagulation- clumping of blood to form a solid mass

hemoglobin – a red pigment that can combine with oxygen; it gives red blood cells their color

oxygen- colorless, odorless gas that is breathed in and is essential for cell function in the human body

plasma – the watery part of the blood

platelets – the part of the blood that controls bleeding

red blood cells – the part of the blood that carries oxygen

white blood cells – the part of the blood that helps the body fight infection

Blood Model

white blood cell

red blood cell

platelet

plasma

Charles Drew (1904-1950)

p.289-290• African-American doctor• Discovered that by removing the

solid cells in blood, keeping only the plasma, the blood could be stored for a long time

• Established the first blood bank in New York City

• Saved thousands of lives during WWII

EQ:

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Cardiac Key Terms

aorta: carries blood from the left side of the heart to most of the limbs and organs

atrium: a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and pumps it into a ventricle (atria or atriums)

ventricle: a chamber of the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it into the arteries

The Heart

EQ:

What carries blood away from the heart?

What returns blood to the heart?

Pulse Key Terms

artery: blood vessel that transports blood away from the heart to other parts of the body

blood pressure: the pressure, controlled by the heartbeat, that is caused by blood pressing against the walls of blood vessels

capillary: a tiny blood vessel

pulse: the throbbing of arteries caused by the rhythmic beating of the heart

vein: a tube through which blood returns to the heart

You can keep your heart healthy by. . .

• Eating a well-balanced diet– Limit cholesterol (fatty substance),rich foods

• red meat, cheese, and eggs

– Cholesterol can build up on the walls of arteries• causing them to harden

• Narrow

• Block

• Exercising regularly– Helps strengthen the heart

– Decreases the chance of heart disease

EQ:

What are the 4 human blood types?

Types and Filtering Blood

blood types: different combinations of two proteins that are found on the surface of blood cells; results in 4 blood types (A, B, AB, O)

liver: an organ that removes and breaks down potentially toxic substances in the body and converts them to harmless waste products

spleen: the organ that is the disposal site for worn-out red blood cells and also acts as a filter, trapping bacteria and viruses that are transported in the blood

transfusion: the transferring of blood or blood parts from one person to another

A

B

AB

O

A

AB

B

AB

AB

A

B

AB

O

A

O

B

O

A

B

AB

O

O

Karl Landsteiner

liver•Removes and breaks down toxic substances

•Converts to harmless waste

spleen

• Disposal of worn-out red blood cells

•Filters and traps bacteria and viruses

Bill Nye “Science Guy”

Blood and Circulation

EQ:

What is the respiratory system?

Respiratory K-W-LKnow Want to Know Learned

What is the respiratory system?

• “respir” means “to breathe out”

The respiratory system is the body system that takes in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide.

EQ:

What are the 5 basic parts of the respiratory system?

Respiratory System

alveoli: the air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide takes place

bronchi: two small tubes that deliver air to the lungscarbon dioxide: a waste gas that is removed from the blood and

exits the body when a person exhalesdiaphragm: a thin sheet of muscle just below the lungslarynx: also called the voice box, a part of the body that holds the

vocal cordslungs: two pink, fleshy organs beneath the rib cageribs: bones that curve around the torso from your back to your

chest and surround protect your lungs and heartthroat: the part of the digestive system that connects the mouth

and the esophagustrachea: also called the windpipe, a part of the body that brings

air to the lungs

EQ:

How does your blood get oxygen from the air?

Non-smoker vs. Smoker

Bill Nye “Science Guy”

Respiration

Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910)

• Born February 3, 1821, near Bristol, England

• First woman in the United States to receive a medical degree, 1849

• Opened the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children

• She created a medical school for women in the late 1860s