The HUMAN BODY

Chapter 33

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Chapter 33.1 Circulatory System

• Objectives– Identify the function of the

circulatory system– Describe structure of heart and

explain how it pumps blood through the body

– Name three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Function:– Using blood and blood vessels,

this system delivers nutrients and oxygen for body cells and carries away Carbon Dioxide and other wastes

Components of system• Heart

– 4 chambers:• 2 atria (upper)- receives blood• 2 ventricles (lower)- pumps

blood -Separated by atrioventricular

(A-V) valves-Right and Left sides separated

by the septum

Components cont’d

• Blood Vessels– Veins- carry blood to the heart (some have valves)

– Arteries- carry blood away from the heart

– Capillaries- small vessels that connect veins/arteries

*(where nutrients/wastes pass in/out of blood stream)

Blood Vessels

Paths of Circulation

• Pulmonary Circulation– Right Atrium

– Right Ventricle

– Lungs (picks up O2 and drops off CO2)

– Left Atrium

Paths of Circulation

• Systemic Circulation– Left Atrium

– Left Ventricle

– Aorta

– Body (drops off O2 and picks up CO2)

– Right Atrium

Blood Pressure

• Force exerted on blood vessels walls by blood– Normal: below 120/80– Too high stroke or heart

attack

Check-in• Heart chambers that receives blood

– Atria

• Heart chambers that pumps blood– Ventricles

• Right and left sides of heart separated by– Septum

• Atria and ventricles separated by– Atrioventricular (A-V) valves

Check-in• Type of vessel where nutrients pass in/out

– Capillaries

• Type of vessel that carries blood to heart– Vein

• Vessel that carries blood away from heart– Artery

• Pressure that blood exerts on vessel walls– Blood pressure

Check-in• Describe pulmonary circulation

– R heart to lungs to L heart

• Describe systemic circulation– L heart to body to R heart

• Which side of the heart has oxygenated blood?– Left side

Chapter 33.2 Blood and Lymphatic System

• Objectives– Explain functions of blood

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

– Describe the role of the lymphatic system

Blood Components

• Blood has 4 components:

• Plasma- liquid portion

• Red Blood Cells (RBC)- carries oxygen to cells using hemoglobin

• White Blood Cells (WBC)- defend body against germs

• Platelets- cell fragments used to clot blood

What blood component?

• Carries nutrients

• Fights infections

• Clots blood

• Carries oxygen

• Contains hemoglobin

• Is the liquid portion

• Makes up most of the cells of blood

PlasmaWBCPlatelets

RBCRBC

Plasma

RBC

Lymphatic System connection

• Lymph (fluid) moves through a network of vessels, nodes, and organs in order to…– collect fluid lost by blood– help in nutrient absorption– aid in immune response

Elephantaisis (Filarial lymphodema)Caused by parasitic worms damaging tissue- lymph fluid builds up in the tissues

Chapter 33.3 Respiratory System

• Objectives– Identify the structures of the

respiratory system and describe their functions

– Describe gas exchange– Describe how breathing is controlled– Describe the effects of smoking on

the respiratory system

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Function: – Bring Oxygen into the body

– Remove Carbon Dioxide and Water

Pathway of Air

• Nose- warms, moistens air

• Throat (pharynx)

• Larynx- produces sound, contains vocal cords

• Trachea- aka windpipe, carries air from throat to chest

Pathway of Air cont’d

• Bronchi- tubes that carry air into lungs

• Bronchioles- smaller branching tubes

• Alveoli- tiny air sacs in lungs where gases exchange

Connection with Circulatory System

• Air enters alveoli• Alveoli covered with

capillaries• Oxygen diffuses into

blood and binds with hemoglobin

• Carbon Dioxide, etc. diffuses out of blood

How Breathing Works

• The DIAPHRAGM contracts and pulls down

• Chest/Rib muscles pull up at same time

• Chest expands

• Air pressure decreases air goes in

Lung Capacity

• Tidal volume: volume of air a person breathes in/out in normal relaxed breathing

• Vital capacity: maximum volume a person can breathe out after breathing in fully

Health Hazard: Smoking!

• Tobacco: Scientific Discoveries

• Look for:– What three dangerous chemicals are in

cigarettes?

– What diseases are caused by smoking?

Smoking is Sexy!

Check-in

• Another name for throat:– Pharynx

• Another name for voice box:– Larynx

• Another name for windpipe:– Trachea

Check-in

• Flap of tissue that covers trachea to prevent choking when you swallow:– Epiglottis

• What is the path of oxygen from air to alveoli?– Nose pharynx larynx trachea

bronchi bronchioles alveoli

Check-in

• What two muscles are involved in breathing?– Diaphragm and rib cage muscles

• What protein in RBC binds with oxygen?– Hemoglobin

• What three dangerous substances does smoking bring into the body?– Nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide