The Human Body:
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Transcript of The Human Body:
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The Human Body:An Orientation
Part 1
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Review What is Anatomy?
Give an example of Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
What is Physiology? Give an example of Physiology of the Digestive
System
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Overview Levels of Structural Organization Maintaining Life Homeostasis
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Levels of Structural Organization What is the smallest thing known to
Humankind? What are ALL THINGS (living and non-living)
made of?
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From Atoms to Organisms 1) Atoms
Tiny building blocks of matter
2) Cells The smallest unit of living things
3) Tissues A group of similar cells that have a common
function
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From Atoms to Organisms 4) Organ
Made of two or more tissues and performs a specific function for the body
5) Organ System A group of organs that cooperate to accomplish
a common purpose 6) Organism
A group of organ systems that make up the highest level of living structural organization
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The Human Organism Can you name all 11 organ systems that
make up the human organism?
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Body Systems Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System Respiratory System Digestive System Urinary System Reproductive System
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Maintaining Life 1) Maintaining Boundaries
Organisms must keep their “insides” separate from the “outside”
Which Human Body System maintains this essential boundary?
Why is maintaining a boundary important?
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Maintaining Life 2) Movement
Necessary for motility and to perform bodily functions such as digestion and pumping blood.
Which Human Body System is responsible for movement?
Why is motility important?
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Maintaining Life 3) Responsiveness
The ability to sense changes in the environment and react to them
What TWO Human Body Systems are responsible for responsiveness?
Why is responsiveness important?
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Maintaining Life 4) Digestion
The process of breaking down food into molecules that can be used by the body
5) Metabolism All chemical reactions that occur in the body
6) Excretion The process of removing wastes from the body
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Maintaining Life Why is it important to be able to break
down food through digestion? Why do you think chemical reactions are
necessary in the body? Why is it important to be able to excrete
waste from the body?
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Maintaining Life 7) Reproduction
The production of offspring
Why is reproduction an important function of the body?
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Maintaining Life 8) Growth
An increase in size
Why is growth an important aspect of living things?
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Maintaining Life Survival Needs
Nutrients Oxygen Water Body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure
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Homeostasis What do you think Homeostasis means?
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Homeostasis Homeostasis
The body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite ever-changing external conditions
In your notes, write a definition with an example in your own words.
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Homeostasis How do we control Homeostasis?
Negative Feedback Loops (Feedback Inhibition) A system in which the effect of a stimulus turns off
or reduces the original stimulus
Lets look at an example
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Feedback Inhibition Loop:A home heater
Room Temp. Decreases
Room Temp. Increases
Thermostat senses temp. increase and switches heater off
Thermostat senses temperature decrease and switches heater on
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How is the house heater like the Human Body?
What happens to you when you get very cold?
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Feedback Inhibition Loop:Your Body - too COLD
BODY Temp. Decreases too much
BODY Temp. Increases to normal
Your body stops shivering (Thermostat OFF)
Your body shivers and shakes to warm you (thermostat ON)
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What about when you get too hot? What happens?
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Feedback Inhibition Loop:Your Body - too HOT
BODY Temp. Decreases to normal
BODY Temp. Increases too much
Your body produces sweat to cool you.
Your body stops producing sweat
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Feedback Inhibition
Feedback inhibition is a process utilized by many body systems in order to maintain homeostasis.
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Homeostasis Write in your notes an example that will
help you remember what Negative Feedback is.
What happens when our bodies are unable to maintain homeostasis? (Homeostatic Imbalance)
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Quick Quiz Name the 6 levels of living structural
organization. Name one of the requirements for
maintaining life, and say why it is important. Give a definition for Homeostasis IN YOUR
OWN WORDS Give an example of a Negative Feedback
Loop