THE HUMAN BODY

Lydia Burgos RomeroRubén Bernabé LacárcelLaura García FernándezVíctor Martín Álvarez

Introduction In this chapter we are going to study ours senses

(taste, smell, sight, hearing and touch). Also, we are going to see the most important bones and muscles, and finally ours systems (circulatory, reproductive, respiratory, excretory and digestive)

Ours SensesWe know that ours senses are five: taste, smell,

sight, hear and touch.Let’s explain them:

TASTE: It is one of ours senses, and its function is to know the flavor of food.

The tongue has different parts:1. It recognize the bitter flavor.2. It recognize the sharp flavor3. It recognize the salty flavor4. It recognize the sweet flavor

The tongue is full of taste buds that recognize the flavor and send the information to the brain

SMELL: It is one of ours senses and its function is to difference the different smells. It can difference more than 10000 smells. In the nose there are smell nerves that send the information to the brain.

Have your ever realize that….When we are cold we can’t percive the smells?

TOUCH: It is another sense and its fuction is to difference the cuality of the objects, like temperature, softness, roughness, etc. This sense is on the skin, and there are receptive nerves that send the information to the brain.

Hearing: or audition is the sense of sound perception. Sounds propaget throughout the air to our ears and send the information to our brain. It has three parts:The outer ear:

1. The pinna2. The ear canal

The middle ear:3. The tympanic membrane4. The ossicles5. The round window6. The oval window7. The Eustachian tube8. The temporal bone

The inner ear:9. The vestibule10. The cochlea11. The semicircular canals12. The auditory nerve

Sight: it is the ability of the brain and the eyes to detect the images that things reflect. Its parts are:

In the page below there are some games, explanation and activities to check out what you know about your senses and to undestand better the function of each one and their parts.

Let’s play:

More information about our senses (Spanish)Games about our senses (Spanish)

Bones and Muscles

• Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. The human skeleton has 206 bones, which begin to develop before birth.

• But bones don't work alone — they need help from the muscles and joints. Muscles pull on the joints, allowing us to move.

Bones

• Bones forms the Skeleton.

• The functions of the skeleton are: support, protection, assisting in movement, storage of minerals, production of blood cells and storage of chemical energy.

Musculos

• The main framework of the body (skeleton) is covered by muscles, whose function is to permit and maintain posture.

• Muscle tissue has four main properties: excitability, contractibility, extensibility and elasticity.

In the page below, there are some exercises and games about muscles and bones.

LET´S PLAY!!!!

Games about muscles and bones (Spanish)

Games about muscles and bones (English)

Games about bones and muscles (Spanish)

OURS SYSTEMS

• Each of our body systems are interconnected and dependent on each other.

• Systems are the most complex of the component units of the human body. A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body.

• Ten major systems compose the human body: Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory and Reproductive.

Circulatory and Respiratory System

• The human circulatory system functions to transport blood and oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body. The heart pumps the blood throughout the body. Its components are: the heart, blood, red and white blood cells, platelets, and the lymphatic system.

• The respiratory system functions to allow gas exchange. All the cells in your body require oxygen, which is got from breathing. It includes nasal cavity, the mouth, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, and diaphragm. All of them are well protected.

Reproductive System

• Sexual reproduction is the process of producing offspring for the

survival of the species, and passing on hereditary traits from one

generation to the next. The male and female reproductive systems

contribute to the events leading to fertilization.

• The female organs assume responsibility for the developing human,

birth, and nursing. The male and female gonads (testes and ovaries)

produce sex cells (ova and sperm) and the hormones necessary for

the proper development, maintenance, and functioning of the organs of

reproduction and other organs and tissues.

Digestive and Excretor System

• The digestive system consists of the nose, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, and colon.

• In order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste.

• The excretor system is made-up of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

• Waste is filtered from the blood and collected as urine in each kidney. Urine leaves the kidneys by ureters, and collects in the bladder. The bladder can distend to store urine that eventually leaves through the urethra.

In the page below, there are more information about the systems

LET´S TAKE A LOOK!!

More information about our systems