By : Lei Oyang/Xing Wei

Table of Contents

1. What is the Internet?2. The revolutionary idea3. The Baran model4. ARPANET5. E-mail6. TCP protocol7. DNS8. The World Wide Web9. Internet in its infancy10.Summary and Conclusion11.Video12.References

Today, the Internet is an enormous network of millions of computers allowing constant communication throughout the world. It includes: the World Wide Web, electronic mail (e-mail), File transfer Protocol (FTP), Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and USENET (news service)

PICTURE 1

In 1962

As Communism grew stronger, the US Air Force asked a small team of researchers to create a military communications network that could withstand a nuclear strike. The concept of this network relied on a decentralised system, so that the network could continue to function even if one or several machines were destroyed.

In 1964

Paul Baran had the idea to create a network in the form of a large web.

Paul Baran created a hybrid network using both mesh and star topology, in which data would travel dynamically, "searching" for the clearest pathway, and "waiting" if all routes were blocked.

This technology was called "packet switching."

In August 1969

The experimental network ARPANET was created by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency, a division of the United States Department of Defense)

The ARPANET is now considered the precursor to the Internet. At that time, it already included several fundamental characteristics of the current network:

1. One or several cores could be destroyed without disrupting the network's operation;

2.Communication between machines could take place without the direction of a central machine;

3. The protocols used were basic.

In 1971

Ray Tomlinson developed a new means of communication: electronic mail. The contents of the first e-mail were:

QWERTYUIOP

"@" was already being used to separate the user's name from the rest of the address.

In July 1972

Lawrence G. Roberts improved upon the horizons pioneered by Tomlinson by developing the first application for listing, selectively reading, archiving, and responding to or forwarding an e-mail. Since then, e-mail has never stopped growing in influence, becoming the most common use of the Internet at the turn of the 21st century.

Also in 1972 (October)

The ARPANET was introduced to the general public for the first time, at the ICCC (International Computer Communication Conference). Around that same time, ARPA became DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and the term "internetting" was used to refer to ARPANET, which was later shortened to "Internet."

In the spring of 1973

Bob Kahn asked Vinton Cerf (then at Stanford) to help him build the protocol.

In 1976

The DoD decided to use TCP on the ARPANET, composed of 111 interconnected machines.

In 1978

TCP was split into two protocols: TCP and IP, forming what would become the TCP/IP suite.

(Transmission Control Protocol)

The naming system DNS used today was implemented in 1984

In order to remedy the lack of flexibility inherent in hosts files, in which machine names and their respective addresses were stored in text files that had to be updated manually.

(Domain Name Server)

Beginning in 1980Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN in

Geneva, engineered a hypertext navigation system, and developed, with the help of Robert Cailliau, a software program called Enquire for navigating it.

In late 1990Tim Berners-Lee finished the protocol

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), as well as HTML (HyperText Markup Language) for browsing networks by using hyperlinks. The World Wide Web was born.

It comprises millions of smaller networks, which carry diverse applications and services, as well asconsiderable volumes of data. Through this connectedness, distinct benefits are realized: information can be inexpensively accessed from almost any source on the network, and it is possible to interact with people and organizations, regardless of number and independent of geographic locations.

Growth in global internet user from 1997 to 2006

Internet/WWW

provides access to a global information system

makes it possible for many to access

makes it easy to publish information

presents some serious legal issues

is impossible to manage centrally

Future

More growth

Increased commercial activity

Increasing amounts of change

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbMHY8I_kQ8&feature=related

References

1. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=history+of+the+internet&aq=0&aqi=g9g-m1&aql=&oq=history+of+the+in

2. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

3. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

4. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=BARAN&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

5. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=ARPANET&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq

6. http://images.google.ca/images?hl=en&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&um=1&q=email&sa=N&start=54&ndsp=18&safe=active&biw=1596&bih=1044

7. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

8. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

9. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

10. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

11. http://www.google.ca/images?hl=en&biw=1580&bih=1044&q=internet+growth&wrapid=tlif130144055830921&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=univ&sa=X&ei=LmiSTf-CJI6XtwfJ-7Fw&ved=0CDkQsAQ&safe=active

12. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

13. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=internet&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

14. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348

CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=thank+you&aq=f&aqi=g10&aql=&oq

15. http://images.google.ca/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA348CA349&biw=1596&bih=1044&tbs=isch%3 A1&sa=1&q=question+mark&aq=1&aqi=g10&aql=&oq=qu