The History and Scope of Psychology Module...
Transcript of The History and Scope of Psychology Module...
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The Brain
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Ways we Study the Brain
• Accidents
• Lesions
• EEG
• CAT Scan
• PET Scan
• MRI
• Functional MRI
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Accidents
Phineas Gage Story
• Personality changed after the accident.
What does this tell us?
• That different part of the brain control different aspects of who we are.
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LesionsCutting into the brain and looking for change.
Brain tumors also lesion brain tissue.
Tissue destruction; a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue.
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What is brain imaging?• Brain imaging allows scientists and
doctors to view and monitor the areas of the brain.
• Structural imaging techniques –– MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
– CAT (Computed Axial Tomography)
• Designed to identify abnormalities such as strokes, bleeding, and tumors
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Computerized Axial Tomography
• CAT Scan
• Cross-sectional 3D X-Ray of the brain.
• Good for tumor locating, but tells us nothing about function.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging• MRI• More detailed picture
of brain using magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of organs and tissue.
• Takes many still pictures and turns images into a movie like production.
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What is brain imaging?• Functional imaging strategies –
– Electroencephalogram (EEG)
– PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
– functional MRI (fMRI)
• Evaluates how the brain is working.
• Studies the brain at rest, or during an activity such as when a person is hearing, seeing, feeling, moving, talking and thinking.
• Measurements are based on the flow of blood in
the brain, and changing levels of oxygen in
specific brain regions depending on that flow.8
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Electroencephalogram• EEG
• Detects subtle changes in brain waves through their electrical output.
• Used mainly in sleep research.
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Positron Emission Tomography• PET Scan• Measures how much of a chemical the brain is
using (usually glucose consumption.)• Glucose is the main “fuel” of the brain.
Where glucose is concentrated is where the brain is most active.
• Mainly used for research.
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fMRI➢Instead of only showing structure, this shows structure andfunction.
➢Measures blood flow to detect early onset of CNS disorders, psychiatric disorders, and other abnormalities.
➢Problems: Can’t measure nerve cell activity, patient must remain completely still.
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