The High Intensity Frontier Franco Cervelli INFN-Pisa 7 Nov, 2005.
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Transcript of The High Intensity Frontier Franco Cervelli INFN-Pisa 7 Nov, 2005.
The High Intensity Frontier
Franco Cervelli INFN-Pisa
7 Nov, 2005
Historically, many fundamental discoveries and Historically, many fundamental discoveries and measurements have come from accelerators measurements have come from accelerators which were not the highest which were not the highest energy machineenergy machine available at the time:available at the time:
• weak neutral currents at the CERN PS
• J/ at the AGS (Brookhaven)
• limits on the lepton-number conservation
• most of the parameters of CP violation
• etc.
Cu
rre
nt
(A
)
BEAM ENERGY, BEAM CURENT, AND BEAM BEAM ENERGY, BEAM CURENT, AND BEAM POWER OF WORLD’S PROTON MACHINESPOWER OF WORLD’S PROTON MACHINES
JHFJHF
JHFJHF
HIPSHIPS
BEAM FLUXES: ORDERS OF MAGNITUDEBEAM FLUXES: ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE
PHYTHIA: E = 30 GeV, I = 80 A
Required Fluxes
SUSY connection between Dμ , μ → e (LFV)
∼∼∼∼ ∼∼∼∼
χχ∼∼
In Supersymmetry (similar examples in other BSMs): In Supersymmetry (similar examples in other BSMs):
∝ f(Δmq2, λa ), a≥1∝ f(Δm
q2, λa ), a≥1∼∼
Sensitive to whether GIM suppression operates in the scalar quark sector: tests of scalar quark mixings and mass differences
Sensitive to whether GIM suppression operates in the scalar quark sector: tests of scalar quark mixings and mass differences
∝ C mt2 λ5 , C=complex, λ=sinθ
c∝ C m
t2 λ5 , C=complex, λ=sinθ
c
GIM suppression of light-quark contributions, dominated by high mass scales
GIM suppression of light-quark contributions, dominated by high mass scales
In the SM: In the SM:
Why study Rare Kaon Decays
is a crucial element in the exploration of the new physics discovered at the LHC.
Accuracies at the level of 10% would already provide precious quantitative information
K+ → π+ ν νK+ → π+ ν ν K0
L → π0 ν νK0L → π0 ν ν
K0L → π0 e+ e−K0L → π0 e+ e− K0
L → π0 μ+ μ−K0L → π0 μ+ μ−
A measurement of the 4 decay modes
HIF for QCD Physics
Objects of Interest
Mesons/Baryons
Molecules/Multiquarks
Hybrids
Glueballs
+ Effects due to the complicated QCD vacuum
Quark AntiQuark
How many isotopes are produced per second?
Proton Driver Rings
Design Goals
4-5 MW beam power on target
Very short pulse duration (~1 ns rms)
Very low beam loss (~10-4)
Note: most proton drivers under study are based on
synchrotrons (US, JKJ, UK)
European Scenarios
SPL + accumulator and compressor rings
5 GeV, 50 Hz synchrotron-based system
15 GeV, 25 Hz synchrotron-based system
30 GeV, 8 Hz slow cycling synchrotron
8 GeV, 16.67 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron for
ISIS/Fermilab, plus upgrades
Synchrotron-based Proton Drivers
Low energy linac (~150 MeV)
Booster synchrotrons to accumulate proton beam and perform some acceleration
Main synchrotrons to complete acceleration and compress the bunches.
Proton Driver Figure of Merit For a given power (4MW), target peak proton power
density ~ 1/(Kinetic energy T x frequency f). F=Tf is a useful figure of merit.
MACHINE T (GeV) f (Hz) FIGURE OF MERIT
CERN SPL+rings 2.2 50 110
RAL RCS Driver I 5.0 50 250
RAL RCS Driver II 15.0 25 375
CERN RCS 30.0 8 240
ISIS II 8.0 50 400
Proposed rotating tantalum target ring
Targetry
Many difficulties: enormous power density lifetime problemspion capture
Replace target between bunches:Liquid mercury jet or rotating
solid target
Stationary target:
Densham Sievers
HIF : Regional Activities
180 MeV H- Linac
Two 1.2 GeV, 50 Hz Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons
2 bunches of 2.5 1013 protons
4 bunches of 2.5 1013 protons
Two 5 GeV, 25 Hz Rapid Cycling Synchrotrons
Collimation
Injection
Momentum Ramping
RAL 5 GeV Proton Driver
Primary Beams
• 1012/s; 1.5-2 GeV/u; 238U28+
• Factor 100-1000 over present intensity• 2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons• 1010/s 238U92+ up to 35 GeV/u • up to 90 GeV protons
Secondary Beams
• Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u• Antiprotons 0 - 30 GeV
• Cooled beams• Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets
Key Technical Features
Storage and Cooler Rings
• Radioactive beams
• e-– A (or Antiproton-A) collider
• 1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons
• Polarized antiprotons(?)
UNILACSIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR
RESR FLAIR
International FAIR Project: Characteristics
HIF : International Facilities
What at CERN?
HIF : in Italy
A Super-B Factory
Conclusions