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The Health The Health Benefits of Active Benefits of Active
TransportationTransportation
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Do city Do city planners planners
have more have more power than power than
doctors doctors over over
health?health?
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OutlineOutline
Air pollutionAir pollution Global warmingGlobal warming Obesity ***Obesity ***
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Even if you don’t smell or see it, air pollution from cars has an impact
in your community.
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Health Effects of Air Health Effects of Air PollutionPollution
Asthma - Asthma - Asthma rates have at least doubled in the last few decades to ~10% in adults, even higher for kids
Cardiovascular disease – increased in Cardiovascular disease – increased in both long and short-term exposureboth long and short-term exposure
Chronic lung disease (COPD) Chronic lung disease (COPD) increasedincreased
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Put another wayPut another way
For 2003 in Ontario, the OMA For 2003 in Ontario, the OMA estimates 2,060 premature deaths, estimates 2,060 premature deaths, 48,690 emergency room visits, 48,690 emergency room visits, $465.2 million in direct health care $465.2 million in direct health care (hospital) costs, and $585.6 million in (hospital) costs, and $585.6 million in lost productivity costs due to air lost productivity costs due to air pollutionpollution
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Are we already too late to stop global warming?
With a population of less than 30 million, we use as much energy as the entire continent of Africa
Our car use may account for up to 60% of our personal contribution to global warming.
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Health Effects of Global Health Effects of Global WarmingWarming
New infectious diseases in new New infectious diseases in new populationspopulations
Indirect effectIndirect effect Food production issuesFood production issues Human displacementHuman displacement Decreased access to clean waterDecreased access to clean water
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The Obesity EpidemicThe Obesity Epidemic
Almost 60% of Canadians are now Almost 60% of Canadians are now overweight (BMI 25-30), a huge overweight (BMI 25-30), a huge increase over several decadesincrease over several decades
In CB, about 2/3 are obese (BMI over In CB, about 2/3 are obese (BMI over 30) or overweight30) or overweight
Obesity Rates in 7-13 yr olds tripled Obesity Rates in 7-13 yr olds tripled 81-9681-96
And I could go on and onAnd I could go on and on
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Obesity isn’t all it’s cracked up Obesity isn’t all it’s cracked up to beto be
Diabetics – 15X higher ovrwt, 40X if obeseDiabetics – 15X higher ovrwt, 40X if obese Arthritis – 4X higher obeseArthritis – 4X higher obese Hypertension – 75% of HTN is wt relatedHypertension – 75% of HTN is wt related Heart disease – 3-5X increaseHeart disease – 3-5X increase Cancers – Cancers – kidney, endometrial, breast, prostate, ?colonkidney, endometrial, breast, prostate, ?colon
Stroke – 2-3X increaseStroke – 2-3X increase Kidney failure - 2X ovrwt, 4-7X if obeseKidney failure - 2X ovrwt, 4-7X if obese
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SICK CARESICK CAREIs not the same as Health Is not the same as Health
CareCare
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Medical Solutions to ObesityMedical Solutions to Obesity
Educate RE diet and activity – “you Educate RE diet and activity – “you should watch your diet and exercise should watch your diet and exercise more”more”
Drugs Drugs SurgerySurgery
Focus is on TREATMENT, not Focus is on TREATMENT, not preventionprevention
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Obesity is a Obesity is a SYMPTOM, SYMPTOM,
not a not a diseasedisease
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How do we stop the How do we stop the obesity trend?obesity trend?
Education programs have been Education programs have been ineffectiveineffective
Temporary effectsTemporary effects ““go to the gym” – high attritiongo to the gym” – high attrition
Sport programs have been ineffectiveSport programs have been ineffective Expense, time for parentsExpense, time for parents High attrition for adults, some sports High attrition for adults, some sports
“unsuitable” for lifelong exercise“unsuitable” for lifelong exercise
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Health PromotionHealth Promotion
Lifestyle change can be facilitated Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a combination of efforts to through a combination of efforts to enhance awareness, change behaviour enhance awareness, change behaviour and create environments that support and create environments that support good health practices. good health practices. Of the three, Of the three, supportive environments will supportive environments will probably have the greatest probably have the greatest impact in producing lasting impact in producing lasting changechange". ". (American Journal of Health (American Journal of Health Promotion, 1989,3,3,5)Promotion, 1989,3,3,5)
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Change the Change the Environment, Environment, Change the Change the
PeoplePeople
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ObesogenicObesogenicEnvironmentEnvironment
ss
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Suburbanization
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Commuting makes senseCommuting makes senseDriverDriver
10 minutes to work 10 minutes to work each wayeach way
10 minutes to gym each 10 minutes to gym each way 3 times per wk way 3 times per wk
Exercise bike 1hr 3X/wkExercise bike 1hr 3X/wk 5hrs 40 min total 5hrs 40 min total
commute/exercisecommute/exercise 2000 calories burned2000 calories burned About 365 cal/hrAbout 365 cal/hr
Bike CommuterBike Commuter 20 minutes to work 20 minutes to work
each wayeach way 3hrs 20 min per wk 3hrs 20 min per wk
total total commute/exercisecommute/exercise
2350 calories 2350 calories burnedburned
About 700 cal/hrAbout 700 cal/hr
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An opportunity in CBRM?An opportunity in CBRM?
Median Distance for Errands is 3km, and Median Distance for Errands is 3km, and 5km to work (approx. 20min bike ride)5km to work (approx. 20min bike ride)
47% want to cycle more47% want to cycle more 61% said they would cycle to work if 61% said they would cycle to work if
there “were a dedicated bike lane which there “were a dedicated bike lane which would take me to my workplace in 30 would take me to my workplace in 30 min. or less at a comfortable pacemin. or less at a comfortable pace
90% support creation of bike lanes90% support creation of bike lanes
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Does it work?Does it work?
SydneySydney Fattest* Canadian Fattest* Canadian
citycity Showcase for Showcase for
urban sprawlurban sprawl No AT No AT
infrastructureinfrastructure
VancouverVancouver Fittest Canadian Fittest Canadian
citycity Sprawl, but more Sprawl, but more
controlled (no new controlled (no new highways)highways)
Lots of effort in ATLots of effort in AT
Other Countries: Sweden, Denmark, Holland – very high modal share of AT, lots of infrastructure!!
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Obesity Rates HALF
Energy Usage per capita 33% less (with comparable standard
of living)
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Rate your communityRate your community
8 to 80?8 to 80? High heels?High heels? Suits?Suits? Percentage of lycra?Percentage of lycra? Is there a demand yet?Is there a demand yet?
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Any Questions?Any Questions?