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The Growth of Industry SOL: VUS.8b Objective: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how the nation grew and changed from the end of Reconstruction through the early twentieth century by b) describing the transformation of the American economy from a primarily agrarian to a modern industrial economy and identifying major inventions that improved life in the United States.
Transcript of The Growth of Industry - WikispacesGrowth+of+Industry... · BUSINESS leaders, created an explosion...
The Growth of Industry
SOL: VUS.8b Objective: The student will demonstrate knowledge of how the nation grew and changed from the end of
Reconstruction through the early twentieth century by b) describing the transformation of the American economy from a
primarily agrarian to a modern industrial economy and identifying major inventions that improved life in the United States.
Essential Understanding:
• In the years after the CIVIL WAR, the United States developed into an INDUSTRIAL POWERHOUSE.
• Inventors and SCIENTISTS, backed by BUSINESS leaders, created an explosion of inventions and improvements.
• TECHNOLOGICAL change spurred the growth of INDUSTRY, primarily in NORTHERN cities.
Daily Life in 1865
• No LIGHT- The rising and setting of the SUN dictated the rhythm of a day’s work since indoor ELECTRIC LIGHTING did not exist.
Daily Life in 1865
• No REFRIDGERATION- People sawed blocks
of ice out of frozen ponds during the winter,
packed them in sawdust, and stored them in
icehouses for later use.
Daily Life in 1865
• Slow COMMUNICATION- Most mail from the
East Coast took TEN days to reach the Midwest
and THREE WEEKS to get to the West. It took
several MONTHS for news to cross the Atlantic.
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR
Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR RAW MATERIALS
Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR RAW MATERIALS
Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR RAW MATERIALS MONEY/CAPITAL
Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR RAW MATERIALS MONEY/CAPITAL
Ex. GOLD,
INVESTMENTS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON
Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR RAW MATERIALS MONEY/CAPITAL TECHNOLOGY
Ex. GOLD,
INVESTMENTS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON
Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH
CHEAP LABOR RAW MATERIALS MONEY/CAPITAL TECHNOLOGY
Ex. RAILROADS,
TELEPHONE
Ex. GOLD,
INESTMENTS Ex. OIL, COAL, IRON
Ex. IMMIGRANTS,
CHILDREN
Steel Processing/ BESSEMER
PROCESS (1857)
• HENRY BESSEMER
• CHEAP and EASY
way to make steel
Steel Processing/ BESSEMER
PROCESS (1857)
• Possible for trains to carry
HEAVIER loads on STEEL
tracks instead of IRON
• Able to build TALLER
buildings with steel, as it is
LIGHTER than iron
Telephone (1876)
• ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
• Made COMMUNICATION faster
• Created jobs for WOMEN as
telephone OPPERATORS and
OFFICE workers
LIGHT BULB / Effective use of
ELECTRICITY (1880/1882)
• THOMAS EDISON
• Source of LIGHT and POWER (for MACHINERY)
• No longer dependant on WATER SUPPLY for power
• LONGER workdays made possible with electric LIGHTS
Lewis Howard Latimer
• Worked for Thomas
Edison’s competitor, Hiram
Maxim
• Developed a cheaper
and easier way to make
the carbon filament used
in light bulbs
Airplane (1903)
• ORVILLE and WILBER
WRIGHT
• A GASOLINE powered
FLYING machine
• First FLIGHT of a “Heavier-
than-air” machine
ASSEMBLY Line (c.1910)
• HENRY FORD
• Used INTERCHANGABLE
parts and created a system
where each worker only had
ONE JOB and did it over
and over
• Built “Model T” cars so
CHEAP that almost
ANYONE could afford one
“I Love Lucy- Candy Wrapping Department”
• After the Civil War, New
York City grew in SIZE
and POPULATION
• Many who worked in
MANHATTAN, lived in
BROOKLYN and the
only way across the
East River was a ferry
service
The Brooklyn Bridge
Ernest Ankener and George W. McNulty (American, circa 1845–
1924). Gable-end Elevation, Brooklyn Bridge Station, 1882.
Black ink, colored ink, and pencil on paper. Municipal Archives of
the City of New York, inv. no. 1152. (Transparency: Brooklyn
Museum Archives, Exhibitions: The Great East River Bridge,
1883–1983)
This design was
made by my
great-great
grandfather who
emigrated here
from Germany.
He was an
Assistant
Engineer on the
Bridge!
The Brooklyn Bridge was started
in 1869 and completed in 1883.
• Made high enough to clear RIVER TRAFFIC
• Suspension bridge with thick STEEL cables
• Longest suspension bridge in the world
(AT THE TIME)
The Classic Dart - Practice Round
Describe how assembly line
manufacturing work made you feel.
How do you think it changed life/work
for people?
• Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, write
your name and as many answers as possible to
the above question. This is your exit ticket.
Before and After…
Before Assembly Line
Manufacturing
• Specialized custom
products
• Products Built by one
expert from start to
finish
• Time consuming to
make products
• $$$ Expensive $$$
After Assembly
Line
Manufacturing
• Standardized products
• Products built by many
workers piece by piece
• Quick production
• Cheap products
• Boring jobs
