The Growing Fetus

8/8/2019 The Growing Fetus

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THE GROWING FETUSTHE GROWING FETUS


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FERTILIZATION


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Union of the

sperm and themature ovum in

the outer third

or outer half of

the Fallopiantube.

beginning ofpregnancy

Union of the

sperm and themature ovum in

the outer third

or outer half of

the Fallopiantube.

beginning ofpregnancy


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FERTILIZATIONFERTILIZATION

never a certain occurrencedepends on at least 3 separate factors:

1.Equal maturation of both sperm andovum

2. Ability of the sperm to reach the

ovum3. Ability of the sperm to penetrate the

zona pellucida and cell membrane

and achieve fertilization.

never a certain occurrencedepends on at least 3 separate factors:

1.Equal maturation of both sperm andovum

2. Ability of the sperm to reach the

ovum3. Ability of the sperm to penetrate the

zona pellucida and cell membrane

and achieve fertilization.


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After the ovulation:

ovum is extruded from

the Graafian follicleAND surrounded by aring ofmucopolysaccharide

fluid (ZONAPELLUCIDA) and thecircle of cells

(CORONARADIATA).

Purpose : Increase the

bulk of the ovum and

After the ovulation:

ovum is extruded from

the Graafian follicleAND surrounded by aring ofmucopolysaccharide

fluid (ZONAPELLUCIDA) and thecircle of cells

(CORONARADIATA).

Purpose : Increase the

bulk of the ovum and


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Fimbraie -

propel the ovum

into the

fallopian tubebyits peristaltic

action.

Only one ovum

reach its

Fimbraie -

propel the ovum

into the

fallopian tubebyits peristaltic

action.

Only one ovum

reach its


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SPERMATOZOA

-functional life : 48 to 72

hours

- 72 hours- total critical

time span duringwhich fertilization

may occur

- move bymeans oftheir flagella (tails)

and uterine

contraction through

the cervix

SPERMATOZOA

-functional life : 48 to 72

hours

- 72 hours- total critical

time span duringwhich fertilization

may occur

- move bymeans oftheir flagella (tails)

and uterine

contraction through

the cervix


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Spermatozoa:

Each ejaculation:ave is 3-5 ml,

approximately 70

120 million ofsperms perml are

deposited

Spermatozoa:

Each ejaculation:ave is 3-5 ml,

approximately 70

120 million ofsperms perml are

deposited


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within 80 to 90

seconds-sperm reachcervix fromvagina

In 5 minutes-outer end ofthe fallopian

tube

within 80 to 90

seconds-sperm reachcervix fromvagina

In 5 minutes-outer end ofthe fallopian

tube


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IMPLANTATIONIMPLANTATION Fertilization (+) ,zygote migrates

toward the body

of the uterus

3 or 4 days -for

the zygote toreach the body of

the uterus.

Fertilization (+) ,zygote migrates

toward the body

of the uterus

3 or 4 days -for

the zygote toreach the body of

the uterus.


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Decidua- refers tothe uterine

endothelium after

implantation

Implantation

bleeding- a smallamount of vaginal

spotting due to

ruptured capillaries

Decidua- refers tothe uterine

endothelium after

implantation

Implantation

bleeding- a smallamount of vaginal

spotting due to

ruptured capillaries


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EMBRYONIC AND FETAL

STRUCTURES

EMBRYONIC AND FETAL

STRUCTURES

A.A.

A. CHORIONIC

VILLI` miniature villi

or probing

fingers

` reach out from

the single layerof the cells

into the uterine

endometrium.


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C.AMNIOTIC MEMBRANESC.AMNIOTIC MEMBRANES

Membranes: Chorionicmembrane the

smooth outer most fetal

membrane support sac that contains the

amniotic fluid.

Amnioticmembrane produces

amniotic fluid and

phospholipids that initiates

Membranes: Chorionicmembrane the

smooth outer most fetal

membrane support sac that contains the

amniotic fluid.

Amnioticmembrane produces

amniotic fluid and

phospholipids that initiates


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AMNIOTIC MEMBRANESAMNIOTIC MEMBRANES

Outer membrane

surrounding the

other embryonicmembranes and

separates them

from theenvironment.

Outer membrane

surrounding the

other embryonicmembranes and

separates them

from theenvironment.


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Amniotic fluid

constantly beingformed and

reabsorbed

because the fetus

continually

swallows the fluid

absorbed across

the fetal intestineinto the fetal

blood stream.

Amniotic fluid

constantly beingformed and

reabsorbed

because the fetus

continually

swallows the fluid

absorbed across

the fetal intestineinto the fetal

blood stream.


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D. PLACENTAD. PLACENTA

serves as thefetal lungs,

kidneys and

gastrointestinaltract and as

separate

endocrine organ

throughoutpregnancy.

serves as thefetal lungs,

kidneys and

gastrointestinaltract and as

separate

endocrine organ

throughoutpregnancy.


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Functions of the PlacentaFunctions of the Placenta

Nutritive- transport nutrients, watersoluble vitamins and gases to fetus

Excretory- with the amniotic fluidas the medium of excretion.

mothers liver which detoxifies thefetal waste products.

Nutritive- transport nutrients, watersoluble vitamins and gases to fetus

Excretory- with the amniotic fluidas the medium of excretion.

mothers liver which detoxifies thefetal waste products.


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Endocrine

Human Chorionic

Gonadotropin first hormoneproduced.

Can be found in maternal blood and

urine.

Estrogen contributes to themothers mammary glanddevelopment in preparation for

lactation

stimulates uterine growth to

Endocrine

Human Chorionic

Gonadotropin first hormoneproduced.

Can be found in maternal blood and

urine.

Estrogen contributes to themothers mammary glanddevelopment in preparation for

lactation

stimulates uterine growth to


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Progesterone - Hormone ofmothers. Function: Necessary to maintain the

endometrial lining of the uterus during

pregnancy.

Human Placental Lactogen bothgrowth-promoting and lactogenic

properties.

Produced by the placenta as early

as the 16th week of pregnancy.

Progesterone - Hormone ofmothers. Function: Necessary to maintain the

endometrial lining of the uterus during

pregnancy.

Human Placental Lactogen bothgrowth-promoting and lactogenic

properties.

Produced by the placenta as early

as the 16th week of pregnancy.


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UMBILICAL CORDUMBILICAL CORD

Function: to transport oxygen

and nutrients to thefetus from theplacenta and to

return wasteproducts from thefetus to theplacenta.

Length : 53cm (21 in) Width 2 cm ( 3/4in)

thick.

Function: to transport oxygen

and nutrients to thefetus from theplacenta and to

return wasteproducts from thefetus to theplacenta.

Length : 53cm (21 in) Width 2 cm ( 3/4in)

thick.


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Contains: 1 VEIN,

2 ARTERIES

Whartons jelly

the bulk of thecord

prevents

pressure on thevein and

arteries.

Contains: 1 VEIN,

2 ARTERIES

Whartons jelly

the bulk of thecord

prevents

pressure on thevein and

arteries.


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EMBRYONIC GERM LAYERSEMBRYONIC GERM LAYERS

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm


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EMBRYONIC GERM LAYERSEMBRYONIC GERM LAYERS

Ectoderm outer layer; develops into:

CNS

Peripheral nervous system Skin, hair and nails

Sebaceous glands

Sense organs

Mucous membrane of the anus, mouth andnose

Tooth enamel

Mammary glands

Ectoderm outer layer; develops into:

CNS

Peripheral nervous system Skin, hair and nails

Sebaceous glands

Sense organs

Mucous membrane of the anus, mouth andnose

Tooth enamel

Mammary glands


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Mesodermmiddle layer;

develops into:

Cardiovascularsystem

Reproductivesystem

Musculo-skeletalsystem

Urogenitalsystem

Mesodermmiddle layer;

develops into:

Cardiovascularsystem

Reproductivesystem

Musculo-skeletalsystem

Urogenitalsystem


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Endoderm/

entoderm inner layer;

develops into:

Linings of GITfrom the pharynxto rectum

Liver, pancreas,thyroid,

parathyroid respiratory tract

Bladder, thyroid,thymus

Endoderm/

entoderm inner layer;

develops into:

Linings of GITfrom the pharynxto rectum

Liver, pancreas,thyroid,

parathyroid respiratory tract

Bladder, thyroid,thymus

The Growing Fetus

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