The Growing Colonies
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Transcript of The Growing Colonies
The Growing Colonies
Reasons to Live in the Colonies
• Religious freedom• Healthy living conditions• Land to farm • Room to raise a large family
Subsistence Farming
• Farming in which only enough food to feed one’s family is produced
• Leaves little to sell or trade
Triangular Trade
• A trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa
Triangular Traded Goods and Destinations
• West Indies to American Colonies: sugar, molasses, slaves
• American Colonies to Britain: sugar, tobacco, cotton, rice, furs, indigo
• Britain to West Africa: iron, cloth, weapons• West Africa to West Indies: slaves, gold and
pepper
African Slaves
• West African kingdoms enslaved the people they defeated in war
• Some were sold to Arab (Middle East) slave traders
• Some were forced to work in gold mines or work on farms
• Some were shipped to America in exchange for goods
Middle Passage
• The inhumane part of the triangular trade route in which slaves from West Africa journeyed across the Atlantic Ocean from the West Coast of Africa to the Caribbean
Cash Crops
• Farm crop raised to be sold for money because it is easy to sell in markets in the colonies and overseas
Diversity
• Variety or difference
Tobacco
• Main cash crop of Maryland and Virginia• Large amounts of tobacco grown eventually
caused the price and profits to lower
Rice
• Main cash crop in South Carolina and Georgia• Price of rice continually grew, making Georgia
and South Carolina the fastest growing economies in the colonies
Tidewater
• A region of flat, low lying plains along the seacoast
• Most large Southern plantations were located in these areas
Southern Plantations
• Controlled the political and economic life of the region
• Self contained communities
Overseer
• Person who supervises a large operation or its workers, such as slaves on a plantation
Backcountry
• A region of hills and forests west of the Tidewater
• Worked mainly by families– Occasionally with one or two slaves
• Outnumbered plantation owners, but had less say in regional economy and politics
Slave Codes
• Strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans
New England Colonies
• Began with the Plymouth Colony• People came to have a better way of life• Rocky soil and short growing season• Each colony had a governor and assembly• Economy based on fishing, whaling, trading
and various industries• Puritan religion was very important
Middle Colonies
• Began with Dutch settlements• People came to have a better way of life• Each colony had a governor and assembly• Economy based on farming especially grain• Many different religions were important
Southern Colonies
• Began with the Jamestown settlement• People came to have a better way of life• Area became dependent on slave labor• Long growing season and rich soil• Each colony had a governor and assembly• Relied on slave labor and didn’t develop
industry• Religion did not play a big role
Glorious Revolution
• When Parliament replaced the king with his daughter Mary and her husband William
• Known as the Glorious Revolution because it was done without bloodshed
• Led to an English Bill of Rights
English Bill of Rights
• Guaranteed basic rights to citizens• Inspired the American Bill of Rights
Mercantilism
• Theory that a country should sell more goods to other countries than it buys
Export
• To sell goods to foreign markets
Import
• To buy goods from foreign markets
Smuggling
• Trading illegally with other nations
Charter Colony
• A colony established by a group of settlers who had been given a formal document allowing them to settle
Proprietary Colony
• A colony in which the owner owned all the land and controlled the government
Royal Colony
• A colony run by a governor or council appointed by the king or queen
Great Awakening
• Religious revival that swept through the colonies from the 1720’s through the 1740’s
Apprentice
• An assistant who is assigned to learn the trade of a skilled craftsman
Literacy
• The ability to read and write
Harvard
• The first college founded in North America